scholarly journals Influence of vegetation treatment with growth stimulants and protection agents on seed productivity of meadow fescue Nadezhda

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
M TORMOZIN ◽  
A. Belyaev ◽  
E. Tiholaz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Reliable Increase

Abstract. The article provides information about the yield, development of leaf-stem diseases, as well as the biological effectiveness of drugs on meadow fescue crops. The purpose of research is to study the influence of protective agents and growth stimulants that provide the most complete realization of the potential of seed productivity of meadow fescue. After applying protection products, crop structure for 2018–2019 Treatment of plants for vegetation in the phase of entering the tube – the beginning of earing, the following drugs were used: “Fitolavin” – 1.5 l/ha; “Lariksin” – 50 g/ha; “Kolosal’ Pro” – 0.5 l/ha; “Strekar” – 1.5 l/ha; “Fitolavin” – 1.5 l/ha + “Kolosal’ Pro” – 0.5 l/ha. Research methodology and methods. The experience consists of 18 plots. The total area of one plot is 42 m2, the accounting area of one plot is 28 m2. Plots are placed – blockwise, repetitions are rendomized, the repetition is 3-fold. Observations and studies were conducted according to the generally accepted methodology. Meteorological conditions in 2018–2019 significantly varied from the long-term average. The hydrothermal coefficient (GTC) for the growing season in 2018 was 1.4; in 2019, it was 1.77, which is higher than the long – term average (1.57). Results. The development of the disease on average for all tiers of leaves for two years (2018–2019) in the control was 23.7 %, the prevalence – 67.5 %. In the variants with fungicides and biologics, the development and prevalence of leaf-stem diseases ranged from 9.4 to 17.4 % and from 32.4 to 56.5 %, respectively. The use of plant protection products led to a decrease in the development of diseases by 1.4–2.5 times (by 6.3–14.3 %), and the prevalence – by 1.2–2.1 times (by 11.0–35.1 %).The biological effectiveness of plant protection products ranged from 26.6 to 60.3 %. The applied preparations on average for two years of research provided a reliable increase in seed yield from 0.11 to 0.26 t/ha (from 32 to 76 %). Scientific novelty. The increase in seed productivity according to two-year data (2018–2019) was obtained due to a significant increase in all components of the yield structure.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

scholarly journals PROTECTION OF PLANTS AS A FACTOR OF INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF GRAIN OF WHEAT

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Kekalo ◽  
V. V. Nemchenko ◽  
A. S. Philippov ◽  
N. Yu. Zargaryan ◽  
T. A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Harmful Organisms ◽  
Positive Effect

The article analyzes data on the effect of fungicidal and herbicidal preparations on grain quality and productivity of spring wheat. Timely and high-quality use of plant protection products from harmful organisms can improve not only the productivity of spring wheat, but often the quality of grain. In the years of mass spread of aerogenic infections, the use of fungicides in wheat crops can increase the protein content of the grain, as the leaves are longer and more productive photosynthesize. Under these conditions, the increase of the content of gluten on the use of systemic multi-component fungicide in the phase of the flag leaf was 3 %, in case of moderate development of disease was 2.4 %. The yield of flour increased by 5-7 %, and in some years there was an improvement in baking evaluation from satisfactory on the control variant to good on the variant with using a system fungicide. Correlation dependence of disease development and gluten content in grain was characterized as very strong and very strong inverse (r=0.88-0.98). In years with the strong development of leaf spots and the defeat of straw linear rust requires double use of fungicides to preserve the crop and grain quality. Long-term tests of post-emergence herbicides have shown that the use of these drugs in the framework of the regulations of their use did not worsen the quality of spring wheat grain, but also a significant stable positive effect on this indicator was not observed.

scholarly journals Importance of the generic segment of thye plant protection products – the case of the Polish market

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stajszczak ◽  
Edward Majewski
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Strategic Groups ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Generic Products ◽  
Jel Code

Authors present results of the analysis of developments in the plant protection products industry, with a focus on its generic part. Authors concentrate on long-term changes of prices, volumes and values of generic pesticides launched into the market. There were two strategic groups of producers identified: research and development (R&D) and generic. The analyses conducted prove that there is a relationship between the amount of generic products on the market and their prices. It is also clear that the number of competitors significantly influences the speed and range of price erosion. Used as examples generic plant protection products were placed on the market with an average price 15% lower comparing to branded pesticides. JEL code: M31

scholarly journals A revised agricultural drought index in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Egidijus Rimkus ◽  
Viktorija Maciulyte ◽  
Edvinas Stonevicius ◽  
Donatas Valiukas
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Drought ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Long Term Changes

The objective of this study was to develop the best methodology for determining agricultural droughts in Lithuania. The currently used assessment methods do not always accurately reflect drought conditions in the country, especially in the first half of the growing season. For this purpose, the relevance of the currently used Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) and five drought indices widely used in other countries were reassessed. It was found that the methodologies applied in Lithuania and other countries are not completely suitable under current conditions. A new agricultural drought identification methodology using the Temperature–Precipitation Index (TPI) is proposed as a result of this study. Analysis of long-term changes (1961–2019) in reoccurrence of droughts was carried out. It was determined that the largest number of droughts in Lithuania was recorded in the last decade of the 20th century and in the first decade of the 21st century. Despite the fact that there is a positive tendency in reoccurrence of droughts, the changes are not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Long-term tendencies in climate change of the Urals due to global warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
A.A. Vasiliev ◽  
L.V. Ufimtseva ◽  
N.V. Glaz ◽  
D.Yu. Nokhrin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Observation Period

During the observation period, the annual air temperature increased: in Yekaterinburg (1832-2018) by 3,1°C, in Zlatoust (1881-2018) by 2,2°C, in Kurgan (1894-2018) by 2,2°C and in Shadrinsk (1894-2018) by 2,1°C. The analogical climate change was noted for the period 1966-2018. The strongest warming is observed in winter (by 2,3-3,0°C), the weakest warming is observed in spring (by 0,8-1,7°C). We noted an increase the annual amount of precipitation in Ivdel (by 68,2 mm), Shadrinsk (by 50,9 mm) and Krasnoufimsk (by 43,6 mm). Also marked an increase the amount of precipitation during the growing season in Ivdel (by 43,9 mm), Shadrinsk (by 42,8 mm) and Krasnoufimsk (by 26,8 mm). The annual amount of precipitation increased in Chelyabinsk and Yekaterinburg, but the amount of precipitation during the growing season decreased in Kurgan. Favorable changes in the agro-climatic conditions of growing season were noted in Shadrinsk and Zlatoust. Unfavorable changes in hydrothermal coefficient for cultivated plants were noted in Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Troitsk, Yekaterinburg and Bredy. Identified the need to introduce an irrigation system for cultivated plants of the southern districts (Chelyabinsk region).

scholarly journals The productivity of agrocoenosis in the steppe zone of Khakasia according to Terra Modis

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Elena Zhukova ◽  
Natalya Kutkina ◽  
Alexander Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Terra Modis ◽  
Integral Productivity

The article presents the results of a quantitative assessment of the productivity of agrocoenosis according to Terra MODIS within the steppe zone of Khakasia. The gross primary production of various agrocoenosis during the growing season ranges from 3.42 to 7.41 kg/m2. On average, the integral productivity for the growing season of 2018 was for wheat – 5.01 ± 1.04 kg / m2, oats – 4.86 ± 1.12 kg / m2, barley – 4.52 ± 0.42 kg / m2, buckwheat – 5.25 kg / m2, hayfields – 4.86 ± 0.45 kg / m2, deposits – 4.39 ± 0.40 kg / m2. Least of all phytomass were some arable fields and low-yielding crops of wheat and abandoned lands, and most of all perennial grasses and high-yielding wheat and oats. The GPP indicators are associated with the sum of positive temperatures positively (R2×0.673), to a lesser extent (R2×0.333) with a hydrothermal coefficient for the examined agrocoenosis. The most productive crops and fertile territories were determined based on the seasonal and long-term dynamics of gross productivity. An increase in productivity for some agrocenoses was noted in 2018 according to satellite data.

scholarly journals Degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and some of their metabolites: A long-term lysimeter experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Schuhmann ◽  
Gernot Klammler ◽  
Stefan Weiss ◽  
Oliver Gans ◽  
Johann Fank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Lysimeter Experiment ◽  
Good Agricultural Practice ◽  
Higher Doses

The degradation and leaching of bentazone, terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor and their metabolites N-methyl-bentazone, desethyl-terbuthylazine, 2-hydroxy-terbuthylazine, metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and metolachlor oxanilic acid (OA) were investigated using the plant protection products Artett (bentazone/terbuthylazine), Gardo Gold (S-metolachlor/terbuthylazine) and Dual Gold (S-metolachlor) applied to a weighable, monolithic, high precision lysimeter with a loamy, sandy soil. Artett and Gardo Gold were applied at higher doses than recommended according to good agricultural practice. In leachate, S-metolachlor was detected at concentrations of up to 0.15 µg/L, whereas metolachlor-ESA and metolachlor-OA were present at higher concentrations of up to 37 µg/L and 8.4 µg/L, respectively. In a second terbuthylazine application, concentrations of desethyl-terbuthylazine of up to 0.1 µg/L were detected. In soil, bentazone degraded faster than terbuthylazine and S-metolachlor, whereas the metabolization of terbuthylazine after the second application resulted in an enhanced formation of desethyl-terbuthylazine and a highly increased hydroxylation of terbuthylazine. The importance of analysing both parent compounds and metabolites on a long-term scale was demonstrated to better understand the environmental fate and transport.

scholarly journals Screening of biological activity of phytopreparations based on secondary metabolites of plants on the culture of Phaseolus vulgaris

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
E. G. Kozar ◽  
I. A. Engalycheva ◽  
A. A. Antoshkin ◽  
N. E. Mashcenco
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Seed Crops

Relevance. Currently, the use of secondary plant-orgin metabolites with high biological activity is becoming an important part of a comprehensive plant protection program. The mechanism of their action is aimed at activating molecular biological and physiological systems that increase the ability of the plant organism to withstand the adverse effects of biotic and abiotic nature. The purpose of these studies is to screen the selectivity of the physiological activity of phytoregulators in relation to different varieties of vegetable beans.Methodology. Plants of two mid-ripening varieties of vegetable beans were twice sprayed with solutions of plant biological products of different chemical composition, isolated from 12 plant species of different families. Control – treatment with water, standards - solutions of Pharmayod and Fitolavin. During the growing season, an analysis of the development of diseases of various etiologies on seed crops was carried out. Seed productivity of plants was taken into account after harvesting and threshing the beans, the sowing qualities of the obtained seeds were studied in accordance with the relevant recommendations and GOST 12042-80, and the biological effectiveness (BE) of the action of phytopreparations was calculated.Results. Two-fold treatment of beans with most of the tested preparations reduced the total percentage of affected plants by more than 25%. The protective effect of the studied glycosides differed significantly depending on their chemical structure, disease etiology and cultivar responsiveness. Among them, there are preparations based on steroidal glycosides - Moldstim and Mestim, which have the most pronounced immunomodulatory effect on the resistance of vegetable beans to phytopathogens. Treatment with Mestim in the selected concentration led to a decrease in seed productivity of plants. Other phytopreparations showed a neutral or stimulating effect on this trait, increasing the proportion of germinating seeds in the yield structure by 3-26% relative to control. The certain varietal specificity has been identified by the total effectiveness of the action. Irioid glycosides from Linaria genistifolia and the sum of iridoids and flavonoids from Linaria vulgaris showed the greatest activity on the responsive cultivar Lika. On the SiBemol variety, there is Moldstim, a steroidal glycoside of the furostanol series, isolated from Capsicum annuum. Their biological effectiveness was higher than that of Fitolavin and Pharmayod standards.

scholarly journals Degradation of pentachlorophenol by high temperature hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Monika Janas ◽  
Alicja Zawadzka
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Widespread Distribution ◽  
Biological Methods

The long-term use of plant protection products in agriculture, including pentachlorophenol (PCP), has contributed to their widespread distribution in the natural environment. So far, no cheap and effective techniques for removing chlorophenols by physicochemical or biological methods have been developed. Therefore, alternative methods of neutralizing them are currently being sought. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of pentachlorophenol decomposition by high temperature thermohydrolysis. The decomposition process was carried out at a constant pressure of 25 MPa, in the temperature range of 20°C to 500°C and at various volumetric flows of PCP through the reactor. Detailed analysis of the results showed that the process and degree of pentachlorophenol reduction depended on residence time in the reactor and the process temperature. The obtained results indicate that thermohydrolysis in supercritical water is not an effective method to neutralize pentachlorophenol. The high costs of conducting this process together with an average degree of PCP conversion (the conversion of pentachlorophenol at the lowest volumetric flow rate through the reactor reached about 45%) cause that thermohydrolysis at high temperature is not a costeffective method of neutralizing pentachlorophenol.

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