Lipid Profile in Patients with Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis
Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory airways; its prevalence has increased worldwide. The disease may be associated with metabolic changes that could be either induced by treatment or may be due to inflammatory process. Aim: To clarify the status of lipid profile in Iraqi patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Patients and Methods: The study was performed on asthmatic patients (190), allergic rhinitis patients (110) and healthy control subjects (48). Age of subjects included were from 16-60 year, with a mean of 34.34 ±11.58 . At time of study inclusion, they all underwent full clinical examination after full history taking, pulmonary function tests, measuring body mass index and blood sampling. Results: Serum cholesterol was significantly higher in asthmatic with over weight (mean 219.93±60.02 mg/dl, P< 0.001), asthmatic with metabolic syndrome (mean 290.08±90.95 mg/dl, P<0.001), allergic rhinitis with overweight patients (mean 233.69±81.59mg/dl P< 0.001) than in control subjects (mean 145.95±36.52 mg/dl). It was of no significant difference in asthma with normal weight patients (mean 139.09±50.36 mg/dl, P-value 0.4291) and allergic rhinitis with normal weight patients (mean 155.81±49 mg/dl, P-value 0.2610) than in control subjects. Serum triglycerides was significantly higher in asthma with normal weight patients (mean 109.65±33.75 mg/dl, P-value 0.0123), asthma with over weight (mean 184.02±60.11 mg/dl, P<0.001), asthma with metabolic syndrome (mean 222.82±65.12 mg/dl, P<0.001) and allergic rhinitis with overweight patients (mean 173.62±54.27 mg/dl, P<0.001) than of control subjects (mean 92.63±35.37 mg/dl). It was of no significant difference in allergic rhinitis with normal weight patients (mean 101.56±36.29 mg/dl, P-value 0.2340) than of control subjects. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly lower in asthma with overweight group (mean 33.32±4.82 mg/dl, P<0.001), asthma with metabolic syndrome (mean 36.03±3.51 mg/dl, P<0.001), allergic rhinitis with over weight (mean 35.82±4.84mg/dl, P<0.001) than in control healthy group (mean 40.28±6.05mg/dl). It was of no significant difference between asthma with normal weight patients (mean 42.92±10.56 mg/dl, P-value 0.1215), allergic rhinitis with normal weight (mean 41.45±4.44 mg/dl, P-value 0.2600) than control subjects. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol was significantly higher in asthma with over weight (mean 151.31±63.53 mg/dl. P<0.001); asthma with metabolic syndrome (mean 181.15±88.27 mg/dl, P<0.001); allergic rhinitis with normal weight (mean 108.42±38.05 mg/dl, P<0.01); allergic rhinitis with over weight (mean 163.49±80.92 mg/dl, P<0.001). It was significantly lower in asthma with normal weight patients (mean 68.76±32.66 mg/dl. P<0.05) than in control subjects (mean 85.84±39.39 mg/dl). Conclusion: Asthma and / or allergic rhinitis in Iraqi population were associated with dyslipidemia, whether in the presence of metabolic syndrome, or the patients were with normal or abnormal weight.