scholarly journals [FE1091] Regulations Governing the Usage of Reclaimed Water as an Alternative Water Source for Agricultural Irrigation in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Leticia Braune ◽  
Gulcan Onel ◽  
Tatiana Borisova ◽  
Pilar Useche
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Fresh Surface ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Fresh water is becoming increasing scarce as the world population grows rapidly. Reclaimed water from alternative sources can be used to help offset the demand for fresh surface water and groundwater in agriculture. To ensure that pathogenic or trace chemical constituents in reclaimed water do not pose a threat to human health and the environment, state and federal governments impose regulations governing reclaimed water use. This fact sheet documents the rules and regulations governing the use of reclaimed water from alternative water sources in Florida agriculture. Target audiences include growers exploring alternative water use for agriculture, non-core professionals, core professionals, and the public.

Alternative water sources and reuse: what are the public health issues?

2004 ◽  
Vol 180 (6) ◽  
pp. 260-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Z Mitakakis ◽  
Martha I Sinclair ◽  
Karin Leder
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

A qualitative exploration of the public perception of municipal drinking water

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria Q. Jones ◽  
Catherine E. Dewey ◽  
Kathryn Doré ◽  
Shannon E. Majowicz ◽  
Scott A. McEwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Public ◽  
Municipal Water ◽  
Alternative Water

Surveys of water consumption patterns in Canada and the USA show a high frequency of alternative water use, including bottled water and water treatment devices. An in-depth understanding of the public perception of municipal water would enable public health and water utility professionals better to address the needs of residents in their jurisdictions. We explored these perceptions and the self-described behaviour and needs of participants served by municipal water systems in the City of Hamilton, Ontario (Canada). We conducted three focus groups; two with men and women aged between 36 and 65 years, and one with men and women aged between 20 and 35 years. In general, participants expressed negative views of the municipal water supplied to their homes. Concerns included unpleasant sensory qualities of the water, perceived poor source-water protection, a perceived insufficiency in water treatment and testing and potential contamination along the distribution system. Reasons for alternative water use included perceived improvements in quality and safety over regular tap water, although convenience also contributed to bottled water use. Participants wanted more information on water testing and suggested a variety of dissemination approaches. This study suggested important lines of inquiry and action regarding the perception of municipal drinking water in this population.

scholarly journals Drinking water from alternative water sources: differences in beliefs, social norms and factors of perceived behavioural control across eight Australian locations

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1433-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dolnicar ◽  
A. Hurlimann
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Perceived Behavioural Control ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Alternative Water Sources

Australia is facing serious challenges in the management of water in various urban and regional locations. Two popular responses to these challenges are increasing supply through alternative water sources such as recycled and desalinated water. However, significant gaps exist in our knowledge of community attitudes to these alternative sources of water, particularly for potable use. This paper reports results from an Australian study of community attitudes to alternative water sources. Sixty six qualitative interviews were held at eight locations with distinctly different water situations. This paper explores all three antecedents to the behaviour of drinking recycled water and desalinated water as postulated by the Theory of Planned Behaviour: attitudes, social norms and factors of perceived behavioural control. Key results indicate that while people hold both positive and negative beliefs (mostly cost, health and environmental concerns) about water from alternative sources, nearly all of them are willing to drink it if the water crisis were to deteriorate further. People also feel they lack knowledge and state that information from scientists would influence their decision to drink recycled and desalinated water most. Friends and relatives are most influential in preventing people from drinking recycled water. The findings reported in this paper have major implications for water policy, and will be of particular interest to water engineers. The paper raises a provocative question: Is it better to avoid public consultation in introducing water from alternative sources?

scholarly journals Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Abena Yeboah Abraham ◽  
Prince Adjei ◽  
Doris Ohene Ntim
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Established Fact ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
System Mode

The continuous destructions to water bodies while the demand for potable water increases; call for immediate move to seek and improve the adoption of alternative water sources to augment the existing sources. Though Ghana has a rain harvesting strategy, very little seems to be done to improve its implementation and to sensitize the public on its adoption. It is an established fact that adoption is premised on perception but very little has been done to uncover the perception of the general public on rain-harvesting and the portability of rain water as alternative water source. This study seeks to resurrect the need to look in the direction of rain harvesting. Mixed method strategy was adopted to address the stated objectives. The results indicate that greater number of the respondents did not consider untreated rainwater as good enough for drinking but fit for all other domestic uses. The respondents identified lack of appropriate and affordable rain-harvesting system, mode of storage, contaminations with microbes when stored for long and softness as the demoralizing factors that inhibit rainwater harvesting. In conclusion, the analyses showed that rainwater harvesting is on the lower side in the area of adoption among households and major consumers of water in Cape Coast. The results confirm the 2010 census that rain harvesting is not a major source of water to the people of Cape Coast metropolis. The study recommends that stakeholders such as the Ministry of Sanitation and Water Resources must embark on mass education on the need to adopt rainwater as complement to traditional source of water and also support experts to design comprehensive rain-harvesting technique which will improve collections, storage and distribution at an affordable rate for the general public and effectively publicise it for adopts and use.  Citation: Abena Yeboah Abraham1, Prince Adjei2 and Doris Ohene Ntim3. Attitude and Perception of the General Public about Rain Harvesting: Financial Implications for Cape Coast Metropolis in Ghana, 2020; 5(1): 30-44. Received: (February 6, 2020) Accepted :( (March 31, 2020)

scholarly journals Using Reclaimed Water to Irrigate Turfgrass – Lessons Learned from Research with Phosphorus

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Jinghua Fan ◽  
Jason Kruse ◽  
Jerry Sartain
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water Irrigation ◽  
Soil And Water

Municipal wastes are treated at a wastewater treatment facility to produce biosolids and reclaimed water. Reclaimed water treated by filtration and chlorination is safe to use for designated purposes, such as residential landscape irrigation. Florida began using reclaimed water in 1966, and it is a leading state for using reclaimed water. Approximately 660 million gallons of reclaimed water are used every day in Florida, and the state encourages using reclaimed water as an alternative water source to reduce the pressure on potable water supplies. This 3-page fact sheet summarizes the results of a recent research project and provides research-based information for improving nutrient and water management with reclaimed water irrigation of turfgrass. Written by George Hochmuth, Jinghua Fan, Jason Kruse, and Jerry Sartain, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss592

scholarly journals Using Reclaimed Water to Irrigate Turfgrass – Lessons Learned from Research with Nitrogen

EDIS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hochmuth ◽  
Jinghua Fan ◽  
Jason Kruse ◽  
Jerry Sartain
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
Reclaimed Water Irrigation ◽  
Soil And Water

Municipal wastes are treated at a wastewater treatment facility to produce biosolids and reclaimed water. Reclaimed water treated by filtration and chlorination is safe to use for designated purposes, such as residential landscape irrigation. Florida began using reclaimed water in 1966, and it is a leading state for using reclaimed water. Approximately 660 million gallons of reclaimed water are used every day in Florida, and the state encourages using reclaimed water as an alternative water source to reduce the pressure on potable water supplies. This 5-page fact sheet summarizes the results of a recent research project and provides research-based information for improving nutrient and water management with reclaimed water irrigation of turfgrass. Written by George Hochmuth, Jinghua Fan, Jason Kruse, and Jerry Sartain, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, November 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ss591

scholarly journals Public perception and acceptability of reclaimed water: the case of Shandong province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongfan Zhu ◽  
Aihua Li ◽  
Hongrui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Public Attitude ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Alternative Water

Abstract Shandong is a typical region in northern China that is experiencing a serious shortage of water resources. To tackle the water resources shortage, Shandong is striving to develop alternative water resources, in addition to efficiently utilizing regular water resources, of which, the utilization of reclaimed water plays a major role. However, the successful implementation of the reclaimed water projects heavily depends on public perception and a positive public attitude toward reclaimed water. This study examines public perception of water resources and public attitude toward reclaimed water in Shandong through a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that the public lacks a general understanding of water resources in Shandong. The public positively accepts using reclaimed water for all 12 purposes examined. However, their receptivity of some of the purposes is relatively weak, especially with respect to domestic potable water. Graphical analysis results indicate that older people and people with higher educational levels are more willing to accept reclaimed water. Finally, this study recommends a group of people as the a priori target to improve public receptivity. The study could also provide a valuable reference for other regions of China and developing countries facing similar advancements in the development of reclaimed water.

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