scholarly journals Seminole Food: Patterns of Indigenous Foodways in South Florida, 1855 to 1917

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert D Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Food Type ◽  
World War ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Supplementary Foods

Few systematic historical studies of Seminole Indian foodways in Florida exist, fewer even for the critical period between Removal and World War I.  This paper aims to fill the gap in related foodways and historical literature, while establishing a starting point for zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical studies on the topic.  It addresses the issue from the ground up, developing an inventory of Seminole selective preferences in terms of food and tracking changes in those preferences over time.  The study borrows the use of presence/absence matrices from archaeology to facilitate that analysis, treating an extensive set of related documents as a stratified matrix in which historical observations of Seminole food consumption are recorded by food type.  It relies on Seminole oral histories to supplement the document index by providing additional information as to food preferences and taboos.  Results of data analysis lead me to the conclusion that two complimentary channels of foodways existed among Seminole Indians in South Florida at the time: (1) a conservative channel that maintained symbolically and nutritionally important foods and, (2) a more flexible channel that allowed for the incorporation of supplementary foods of various origins.

scholarly journals Global Conflict of the Past in Contemporary Media Space: Historical Memory in a Discursive Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-50
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Y. Aleshina ◽  
Mark Y. Blokh ◽  
Tatiana A. Razuvaeva ◽  
Hedwig Wagner ◽  
Anton V. Kompleev
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
Specific Data ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Media Space ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
The Media

The article is devoted to an overview of studies on the discursive embodiment of historical memory, particularly, in the media. The research is aimed at the overview and systematization of, predominantly, international and Russian concepts of historical memory in academic literature. The scientific significance of research results is determined by the possibility of clarifying the definitions of historical memory in the process of systematizing the existing overseas and domestic studies. With that, the “starting point” of historical memory in this research are global political conflicts, particularly, World War I and World War II. The focus of research interest is the memory of the world wars which is discursively expressed in modern media space with various pragmatic tasks. Analysis of media materials allows for revealing the mechanisms of using historical memory as a tool for creating assessment and images while covering World War I and World War II. The research makes it possible to obtain a general discursive picture of the mass consciousness and, what is especially, important, to get specific data on the linguistic “content” of historical memory reflected in online media. The article is addressed to researchers in various fields of the Humanities, journalists and a wide circle of readers who are interested in the problem.

ANTHROPOLOGY AT WAR. HISTORY AND PRESENT TIME OF INVOLVEMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGISTS IN MILITARY CONFLICTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Michał KOWALSKI
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
War Effort

The US Army officially decided to mobilize anthropologists for the project of the Human Terrain System for counterinsurgency war. Since 2007 the US Department of Defense have been employing social scientists in combat brigades in Iraq and Afghanistan. This decision provoked widespread criticism of the project in the anthropological community. The intense discussion about turning anthropology into a military tool also provokes wider public debate concerning the ethics and current role of anthropology. Various examples taken from the history of anthropology show that more than half of American anthropologists were using their professional skills to advance the war effort during World War II.In this paper the author refers to the discussion connected with the engagement of anthropologists in recent and past wars. He provides examples of such involvement relevant to World War I and II as well as to the time of the Cold War. He shows the ways in which anthropologists were used in military and intelligence operations. The author of the article refers to the famous Franz Boas’s statement from 1919 as the starting point for all the further discussions related to the ethical questions of the engagement of anthropologists in wars. The author considers how the engagement in those wars changed anthropology itself and its Code of Ethics. He points out the ethical implications of such engagement, especially for field relations. Keeping those historical examples of social scientists’ war involvement in mind, the author claims that any application of anthropology in war activities can pose danger to anthropologists and the whole dis-cipline as well.

scholarly journals NEGOTIATING OTTOMANISM IN TIMES OF WAR: JERUSALEM DURING WORLD WAR I THROUGH THE EYES OF A LOCAL MUSLIM RESIDENT

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 88a-88a
Author(s):  
Abigail Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
World War

Through a microanalysis of a diary written by Ihsan Tourjman during World War I, this article explores how the Arab–Ottoman elite in Jerusalem experienced and viewed the war and perceived their own position within the Ottoman Empire. It focuses on the ways multilayered levels of identity were negotiated and debated following internal and external changes taking place at the time. The diary serves as a unique and valuable testimony that sheds light on life in Jerusalem at a critical period in the city's (and region's) history. Through close reading of this diary and other sources, this essay investigates how economic and social crises affected city residents and scrutinizes how political changes, as well as Ottoman policies and treatment of the local population, affected how individuals placed themselves within the context of the empire.

The British Cabinet and the Anglo-French Staff Talks, 1905–1914: Who Knew What and When Did He Know It?

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Coogan ◽  
Peter F. Coogan
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
World War ◽  
French Military ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military ◽  
First World

The role of the British cabinet in the Anglo-French military conversations prior to the First World War has been and remains controversial. The acrimonious debate within the government during November 1911 seems linked inextricably to the flood of angry memoirs that followed August 1914 and to the continuing historical debate over the actions and motivations of the various ministers involved. Two generations of researchers now have examined an enormous body of evidence, yet the leading modern scholars continue to publish accounts that differ on the most basic questions. Historians have proved no more able than the ministers themselves were to reconcile the contradictory statements of honorable men. The persistence of these differences in historical literature demonstrates both the continuing confusion over the cabinet's role in the military conversations and the need for a renewed effort to resolve this confusion.The starting point for any discussion of the staff talks must be the recognition that the meaning of the term changed significantly over the nine years before the outbreak of World War I. The contacts began with a series of informal discussions between senior British and French officers during 1905. The first systematic conversations took place early in January 1906 under the authority of Lord Esher, a permanent member of the Committee of Imperial Defence (CID), and Sir George Clarke, the CID secretary. Later in that month a small group of ministers, including Prime Minister Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman, sanctioned formal, ongoing exchanges between the two general staffs.

Krieg, Exil und die Seele des Dichters Hermann Broch und Józef Wittlin im Briefwechsel

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1 (464)) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hudzik
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
New Haven ◽  
World War ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Hermann Broch ◽  
Die Schlafwandler ◽  
Source Materials

This article deals with Hermann Broch (1886–1951) and Józef Wittlin (1896–1976), two writers born in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy who were formed or even stigmatized by the generational experience of World War I. They both struggled with the problem of the representation of the war in their main novels: Die Schlafwandler (Sleepwalker, 1930–32) and Sól ziemi (Salt of the Earth, 1935). The similarity between their protagonists is the starting point for an attempt to compare the biographies and literary works of the authors. The article is based on the source materials – the unpublished letters in German, exchanged between Broch and Wittlin during the years from 1945 to 1951. Their correspondence is stored in two literary archives: Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library (Yale, New Haven) and Houghton Library (Harvard, Cambridge).

The Vienna Psychoanalytic Polyclinic (‘Ambulatorium’): Wilhelm Reich and the Technical Seminar

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Diercks
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
World War ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
The Public ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wilhelm Reich ◽  
Long Time

The beginnings of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Outpatient Clinic were paralleled by a revival of the psychoanalytical movement and the institutionalization of psychoanalysis, that had been interrupted by World War I. In this period of renovation, the institution founded in 1922 was – as a social experiment of the psychoanalysts of the ‘Red Vienna’ – the first clinic that made psychotherapeutic help accessible to a wider population. At the same time it contributed to establishing psychoanalysis as a method of treatment. Within the psychoanalytical society, the Clinic acted as a forum for training and clinical discussion. The concepts of transference and resistance had been discovered and theoretically substantiated. But the technical application still caused considerable problems. In this situation Wilhelm Reich initiated a technical seminar within the Clinic, from which a whole generation of analysts benefited greatly as regards the understanding of psychoanalytical processes and the analysis of transference. From a starting point of focusing on the unconscious meaning of neurotic symptoms, the organization of the entire personality with its complex defence dynamics in character-neuroses and the awareness of the negative transference, in particular, gradually became the centre of attention. After World War II a long time passed until the Clinic was reopened in 1999. Although conditions had, of course, changed, the motives were still similar: the necessity to create a clinical institution that represents psychoanalysis in the public in a competent way, the need for an adequate institutional framework to meet the challenges of the analyses of borderline cases and, last but not least, the need to deepen our knowledge and experience.

scholarly journals The United States Marine Corps

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Folse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Marine Corps ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Marine Corps ◽  
World War ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us

The United States Marine Corps is an expeditionary and amphibious force in readiness with a history that spans almost the entire course of US history. The first American marines served under either continental or state employ during the War for American Independence. Although the Marine Corps celebrates 10 November 1775 as its official birthday, it was not until 11 July 1798 that the Marine Corps became a permanent military branch. Marines are an interesting amalgam of military and naval. Like their British Royal Marine ancestors, U.S. Marines serve with the navy afloat but they are not sailors. They have military features and organization but are not just soldiers either. Conceptually speaking, they are best thought of as naval infantry: soldiers who serve on ships at sea, not sailors who fight ashore. During the Barbary Wars (1801–1815), the War of 1812, and the American Civil War, detachments of Marines served aboard most naval vessels as the nucleus of landing parties, and safeguards against potentially mutinous crews. After the Spanish American War (1898–1899), the navy tasked the Marines with studying advanced base seizure and defense which would eventually lead to the Marine Corps adopting amphibious landings as one of their primary missions. The Marines, along with the navy, grew in size and function as the United States increased its sphere of influence around the globe and became a great maritime power just before the Great War. From World War I to the present day, the US Marine Corps has accrued a rich history of counterinsurgency and conventional campaigns. World War II is to this date still the Corps’ largest war which saw it expand to 485,000 Marines. Since the 1952 Douglas-Mansfield Act the Corps has hovered between 170,000 and 200,000 annually. Their present Marine Air Ground Task Force organization has allowed them to remain flexible and reliable to help the navy protect American interests and serve US policy and strategic objectives abroad. Significant participation in the Korean War, Vietnam War, Gulf War, and the more recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan are examples of this. Having fought in every major American war, and most of its smaller ones, the US Marine Corps has attracted a robust amount of scholarly attention. What follows is a selected collection of some of the most notable and useful works. It is by no means exhaustive but should serve as a starting point for researchers.

Between midnight and republic: Theory and practice of India’s Dominion status

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1234
Author(s):  
Rohit De
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
World War ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Constitutional Legitimacy

Abstract India became independent on August 15, 1947, and became a democratic republic on January 26, 1950. For the three years in between it functioned as a British dominion, where unelected Indian nationalist leaders were administered oaths in the name of the King-Emperor by a British Viceroy. While this was a critical period for establishing the Indian state, as borders were fixed, populations exchanged, industries set up, electoral lists created, and the constitution written, the legal infrastructure of dominionhood has been ignored both in scholarly literature and in political writings. Central to the article is the problem that Dominion status creates for legal temporality, a gray zone between colony and a republic. This article excavates this neglected period, arguing that it is critical to understanding both the endurance of India’s postcolonial constitution and democracy and the legal processes of decolonization within the British Empire. The article examines the peculiarities of the debate over dominion status for India after World War I. Within the British Empire, India had a legal status somewhat less than dominion but higher than a colony, due to the failure to accommodate racial difference within imperial federalism. It then investigates the reasons behind the British government and Indian nationalists both accepting Dominion status in 1947 despite having opposed it for almost two decades. Finally, it examines how the “dominion period” is both a problem and a resource for the judicial construction of time and constitutional legitimacy in republican India.

scholarly journals FERDINAND EBNER: FILÓSOFO-TEÓLOGO DA PALAVRA

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (119) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Sureki
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
World War ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
De Se ◽  
The One

O pensamento de Ferdinand Ebner (1882-1931) se caracteriza pela busca da dimensão propriamente espiritual do existir humano. O ponto de partida de tal busca pelo espiritual encontra-se na realidade de sua própria vida açoitada pela enfermidade e na filosofia dos inícios do século XX, que vagueia entre os destroços do idealismo, por um lado, e a emergência do pensamento existencialista, por outro. Junto desses fatores encontra-se ainda a catástrofe provocada pela Primeira Guerra Mundial e, de modo particularmente decisivo, a fé cristã. O auge de sua busca caracteriza-se pela volta à fonte da fé cristã entendida como Palavra criadora de Deus, como pneumatologia, diálogo originário. A consequência disso será então a valorização das relações pessoais frente à tendência de se conceber um Eu fechado sobre si mesmo.ABSTRACT: The thought of Ferdinand Ebner (1882-1931) is characterized by the pursuit of the truly spiritual dimension of the human existence. The starting point of his search for meaning is the reality of his own life marked by illness and the philosophy of the early twentieth century that oscillates between the crash of idealism on the one hand, and the exaltation of existentialism on the other. In addition to these factors is the experience provoked by the catastrophe of World War I and, in a particularly decisive manner, the Christian faith. The peak of his search is characterized by a return to the source of Christian faith, understood as the creative Word of God, as pneumatology, original dialogue. The consequence of this will be the enhancement of personal relationships in contrast to the general tendency of an Ego totally closed in itself. 

scholarly journals Listen and Watch: The Practice of Lecturing and the Epistemological Status of Sex Education Films in Germany

Gesnerus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Anja Laukötter
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
World War I ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Sexual Health Education ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Weimar Germany ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
German Health ◽  
Starting Point

This article takes as its starting point Frauennot-Frauenglück (Women’s Misery – Women’s Happiness), a film representative of health education films on sex hygiene in Weimar Germany. This paper opens by situating the film in the landscape of German health education films from World War I to the Weimar era. I document the evolution of interest in sexual health education films in the early decades of the twentieth century and show how their narratives changed as a result of the increasing popularity of feature films in the Weimar period. The article then focuses on the lectures which accompanied health education films. I argue that an analysis of these under-investigated lectures can raise new stimulating epistemological questions on the historical status of health education films, as these lectures changed the filmic dispositive. I show how this common practice served as a technique of rhetorical reworking in efforts to adjust or orient the visuality of what was shown to the public. Drawing on two very different lectures which accompanied Frauennot-Frauen – glück, the article identifies two approaches to lecturing. While one consisted in enabling controversial films to be screened to the public, the other (socialist) approach transforms initial censorial intentions, allowing the speaker stress his personal or new positions.

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