Disparities in Optimal Treatment of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer by Ethnicity and Smoking Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Fechtel
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer (OPC) is a deadly cancer with complex treatment plans and outcomes. In practice, surgery followed by radiation or chemotherapy is considered the “optimal treatment” associated with better OPC survival. However, not all OPC patients receive the optimal treatment. Prior research has documented that survival varies by smoking status and ethno-racial groups, but little is known about the relationship between a patient’s smoking status, ethnicity, and the choices they make about cancer treatment post diagnosis. To shed light on this under-studied issue, data from the Florida Cancer Data System were analyzed. A logit model was built with the response variable treatment pattern arranged into three levels: surgery only (reference), surgery followed by radiation or chemotherapy, and other treatment types. The predictors included smoking status, race-ethnicity, smoking by race-ethnicity interaction, health insurance, age at diagnosis, gender, and marital status. Overall, the odds of receiving optimal treatment for Non-Hispanic Whites  and Non-Hispanic Blacks are 29%-34% (p<0.001) greater than the odds of optimal treatment for Hispanics. One significant smoking by race-ethnicity interaction was found between Non-Hispanic Blacks and current smoking status, making Non-Hispanic Blacks who currently smoke less likely to receive optimal treatment than those who do not smoke.

scholarly journals Oral cancer knowledge and screening behavior among smokers and non-smokers in rural communities

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Jung Wong ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Virginia Dodd ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jiang Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Screening Rate ◽  
Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Lower Social Support ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background Research suggests having an oral and pharyngeal cancer (OPC) examination for early diagnosis can increase survival rate. However, the OPC screening rate is low in certain populations. To improve OPC screening rate, this study identified factors that are associated with having an OPC examination. Methods Participants with landlines and aged 25 years and older were recruited from six northern Florida counties. Bivariate and logistic regressions were used to predict the outcome of whether the participants had ever had an OPC examination as well as whether participants had ever heard of an OPC examination. Results Of 2260 participants with a mean age of 55.9 ± 15.0 years, the majority of participants never smoked (53.4%), self-identified as Whites (70.6%), and had some college or 2-year degree education (30.3%). Smokers were significantly less likely to have ever heard of an OPC examination than those who never smoked. Significant interaction between smoking status and race, and smoking status and social support interaction were found. Whites who never smoked were more likely to have had an OPC examination than non-Whites who never smoked. Former and current smokers with greater social support were more likely to have had an OPC examination than those with lower social support. Conclusion The findings from this study inform the need to enhance the awareness of having an OPC examination among smokers and to reduce barriers for racial minority populations to receive an OPC examination. Future research is warranted to develop interventions to target certain populations to improve the rate of OPC examination.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers and the Relationship Between Tumour Size and Lymph Node Metastases in Oral Cancer.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Omar ◽  
Mohammad Rmman ◽  
Madiha Al Hafi ◽  
Mohammad Sadek Al-Masalmeh ◽  
Louei Darjazini Nahas
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tumour Size ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Chief Complaint ◽  
Histological Type ◽  
Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: the study aimed at studying the incidence and prevalence rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer and their distribution according to gender, tumour size, histological type and chief complaint. We also tackled the relationship between the tumour size and the metastasis to the regional lymph nodes.Materials and Methods: This cohort retrospective study was done in Al-Mouasat hospital from January 2017 to June 2020. The population included patients with oral or pharynx cancer who were admitted to the Ear, Nose, Throat department.Results: The total participants were 96 cases. The median age was 57 year. The most common tumour location was oral tumour 58.3%, and the most common chief complaint about oral tumour was mass by 62.5%. while nasopharynx cases most commonly came with neck mass 68.2%. 50% was the percentage of dysphagia that was the most common complaint. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most common histologic type < 90% of the oral, oropharynx, and hypopharynx cases. About the classification of the tumour due to its subsite 33.9% of the oral cases were in lip and especially the lower one. Whereas, oropharynx most frequent tumour site was the tonsil (50%). we found statistical evidence for the relationship between the tumour size (T) and the metastasis to the regional lymph node (N) in oral cancer.Conclusion: Oral and pharyngeal cancer is a very important issue. And according to our paper, the most frequent cancer was oral cancer and especially lower lip tumour. oral cancer presents with mass. whereas, the nasopharyngeal cancer presentation was neck mas. The most common histological type was SCC. And we reached a relationship between the T and N in oral cancer

Abstract 14496: Frailty is Associated With Increased Cardiovascular Mortality in 2,837,152 United States Veterans Aged 65 and Older

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Shrauner ◽  
Emily Lord ◽  
Xuan-Mai T Nguyen ◽  
Rebecca J Song ◽  
Ashley Galloway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Frailty has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and CV events. There are limited data from the modern era of CV prevention to examine the relationship between frailty and CV mortality. We hypothesized that frailty would be associated with with increased risk of CV mortality. Methods: All Veterans ≥65 who were regular users of VA care from 2002–2014 were included. Index date was the last visit date in the year of cohort entry. Data were queried biennially, with frailty & outcomes queried each period. Frailty was defined using a 31-item previously validated frailty index, ranging from 0-1. Degrees of frailty were defined as: not frail (FI <0.1), pre-frail (FI >0.1-≤0.2), mild frailty (FI >0.2-≤0.3), moderate frailty (FI >0.3-≤0.4), and severe frailty (FI >0.4). Variables were extracted from national VA administrative data linked to Medicare and Medicaid. The primary outcome was CV mortality. Survival analysis was performed. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, smoking status, hyperlipidemia, statin use, and blood-pressure medication use. Results: There were 2,837,152 Veterans included in the analysis. In 2002 mean age was 74+/- 5.8 years and in 2012 was 76+/- 8.1 years, 98% were male, 88.8% were white. In 2002, the median frailty score was 0.16 (IQR= 0.13). This increased and then stabilized to 0.19 for 2006 to 2012 (IQR= ranging 0.19 to 0.23). Overall frailty became more prevalent over time (prevalence increased from 31.9% in 2002 to 46.5% in 2012). The presence of frailty was associated with increased risk of CVD mortality at every degree of frailty and year, as shown in the Table. Discussion: Frailty is highly prevalent in the VA population, and both the presence and severity of frailty are tightly correlated with CV death. This study is the largest and most contemporary evaluation of the relationship between frailty and CV mortality to date. Further work is needed to understand how this risk can be diminished.

Abstract 194: Age, Gender, Race/ethnicity, and Income-related Patterns in Ideal Cardiovascular Health

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M Bucholz ◽  
Neel M Butala ◽  
Norrina B Allen ◽  
Andrew E Moran ◽  
Sarah D De Ferranti
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Income Disparities ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in adulthood is rare; however, the relationship between CVH and age has not been fully delineated. The aim of this study was to characterize the association of age with ideal CVH and individual CVH metrics across the lifespan and to compare these associations across gender, race, and income subgroups. Methods: We studied participants aged 12-80 years from NHANES 2005-2016 (n=42,367). Ideal CVH was defined using the AHA’s Simple 7 criteria (range 0-14) based on smoking status, body mass index, physical activity, diet quality, total cholesterol, plasma glucose, and blood pressure. Cubic models were used to model the association of mean CVH with age. The percentage of participants with ideal (≥5) and poor (≤2) CVH were plotted by age. Results: Mean CVH declined with increasing age starting in early adolescence and reaching a nadir by age 60 before stabilizing ( Figure 1 ). At age 20, only 45% of adults had ideal CVH; >50% of adults had poor CVH by age 53. Women had higher mean CVH than men at younger ages but lower mean CVH at age ≥60 ( Figure 2 ). Mean CVH scores were highest for non-Hispanic whites and higher income adults, and lowest for non-Hispanic blacks and low-income adults across all ages. Mean CVH decreased to poor levels ~30 years earlier for non-Hispanic blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites, and ~35 years earlier younger for low-income compared with higher-income adults. Conclusions: The proportion of the population with ideal CVH decreases within increasing age beginning in early adolescence and persists through adulthood. Race/ethnicity and income disparities in CVH are evident early in life and became more profound at older ages.

scholarly journals The Association Between Menthol Perceptions and Support for a Policy Ban among US Smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Rath ◽  
Marisa Greenberg ◽  
Lindsay Pitzer ◽  
Brittany Emelle ◽  
Molly Green ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the relationship between menthol perceptions and support for a national menthol ban.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive cross-sectional study.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>Data were collected from a nationally representative probability-based panel of adults aged ≥18 years during June 21, 2016 through July 18, 2016. A total of 1,303 respondents, including an oversample of 300 African Americans, completed the survey.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>Weighted logistic regression models examined the relationship between menthol perceptions, specifically related to health and addiction, and the outcome measure: support for a menthol ban, by menthol smoking status. All models controlled for age, sex, education level, and race/ethnicity.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>The association between reporting accurate menthol health perceptions dif­fered by menthol preference. Among non-menthol smokers, there was no association between accurate menthol health percep­tions and support of a menthol ban while more accurate menthol perceptions of ad­diction were associated with greater support of a menthol ban (aOR=2.83, CI=1.19- 6.72). Among menthol smokers, more accurate health-related menthol percep­tions were associated with increased odds of supporting a menthol ban (aOR=3.90, CI=1.02-14.79) while more accurate men­thol addiction perceptions were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fewer current menthol smok­ers support a menthol ban than current non-menthol smokers given its effect on their preferred product. Given the large proportions of smokers who have misper­ceptions of the health consequences and addictive properties of menthol, there is a moral imperative to inform those who use these products. Findings suggest the need for tailored messaging strategies targeted to reach menthol smokers who will be most impacted by a ban, but also have the most to gain from such a policy change.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):177-186; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.3.177.</p>

QUALITY OF LIFE PROBLEMS OF GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER PATIENTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
Olga Churuksaeva ◽  
Larisa Kolomiets
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Relationship

Due to improvements in short- and long-term clinical outcomes a study of quality of life is one of the most promising trends in oncology today. This review analyzes the published literature on problems dealing with quality of life of patients with gynecological cancer. Data on quality of life with respect to the extent of anticancer treatment as well as psychological and social aspects are presented. The relationship between quality of life and survival has been estimated.

Grading Teachers: Race and Gender Differences in Low Evaluation Ratings and Teacher Employment Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Drake ◽  
Amy Auletto ◽  
Joshua M. Cowen
Keyword(s):  
Charter Schools ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Teachers Of Color ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Teacher Labor Market ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
To Receive ◽  
The Relationship

In July 2011, the State of Michigan adopted a broad set of teacher labor market reforms, including a high-stakes evaluation system designed in part to remove low-performing teachers. We examine the characteristics of teachers rated as “minimally effective” and “ineffective,” as well as their schools, and the relationship between low effectiveness ratings and later employment outcomes. Results suggest teachers of color across traditional and charter schools are more likely to receive low effectiveness ratings than their within-school peers. These low rating risks are higher for teachers of color working in comparatively White-faculty contexts. Male and novice teachers are also rated low more frequently, and important differences appear to exist in the usage of low ratings by traditional public and charter schools.

scholarly journals Urinary Bisphenol A and Hypertension in a Multiethnic Sample of US Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoop Shankar ◽  
Srinivas Teppala
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Human Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

Background. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common chemical used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, with >93% of US adults having detectable BPA levels in urine. Recent animal studies have suggested that BPA exposure may have a role in several mechanisms involved in the development of hypertension, including weight gain, insulin resistance, thyroid dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. However, no previous human study has examined the association between markers of BPA exposure and hypertension.Methods. We examined urinary BPA levels in 1380 subjects from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey 2003-2004. Main outcome-of-interest was hypertension, defined as blood pressure-reducing medication use and/or blood pressures >140/90 mm of Hg (n=580).Results. We observed a positive association between increasing levels of urinary BPA and hypertension independent of confounding factors such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, smoking, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus and total serum cholesterol levels. Compared to tertile 1 (referent), the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hypertension associated with tertile 3 was 1.50 (1.12−2.00);P-trend = 0.007. The association was consistently present in subgroup analyses by race/ethnicity, smoking status, BMI, and diabetes mellitus.Conclusions. Urinary BPA levels are associated with hypertension, independent of traditional risk factors.

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