scholarly journals Nitrate Adsorption by Activated Carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Rosenblum
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Nitrate Adsorption ◽  
Odor Removal ◽  
Adsorption Rates

Activated carbon is a type of carbon that is a known catalyst for a variety of chemical reactions. Uses of activated carbon include purifying liquids and gases, food and beverage processing, odor removal, industrial pollution control, and numerous other applications. There are a variety of different activated carbons, with most being derived from coal, peat, and wood. Activated carbon is a catalyst because the small pores of the carbon increase the surface area available for adsorption or chemical reactions. One primary use of activated carbon is how it adsorbs nitrates onto its surface. This paper delves into different adsorption rates of an activated carbon (Filtrasorb 600) that is treated with different chemicals and then subjected to a chemical activation at a constant pressure under different gaseous conditions. Data collected during experiments indicate there are significant interactions between surface functional groups and nitrate.             Keywords: activated carbon, adsorption, nitrates

Studying the Adsorption Performance in Binding of BTEX in the Air by Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 427-433
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Gui Ping Wu ◽  
Chuan Yi
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Brewing Yeast ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Experimental Parameters ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

The adsorption experiment was carried out in an enclosed reactor in order to evaluate activated carbon, prepared by brewing yeast, which could remove benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) from air. Various experimental parameters were determined, and activated carbon adsorption performance was compared with some commercial activated carbons (CACs). The results showed that lots of carboxyl, amino-groups and hydroxyl were on the surface of activated carbon, which were chemical reaction centers. Adsorption was reached equilibrium after six hours. The isothermal data of biosorption followed the Langmuir and Freundlich Models. When the temperature was 25°C,the maximum adsorption capacity was greater than the commercial activated carbon. These adsorption performances indicate that the activated carbon is a potentially economical adsorbent for BTEX removal.

scholarly journals Production of Activated Carbon from Carbonaceous Agricultural Waste Material: Coconut Fibres

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
E.O. Ohimor ◽  
D.O. Temisa ◽  
P.I. Ononiwu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Coconut Fibers

Activated carbon was produced from Cocos nucifera (coconut) fibers by carbonization and activation processes. The sample was first pretreated before carbonization and activation processes at 450°C and 700°C respectively in an electric furnace. Chemical activation using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 4:1 (weight basis) was carried out to increase the activated carbon adsorption properties. The element contained in the sample was analyzed using the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) while the surface morphological composition was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the chemical bonds present in the sample was characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR). From the research carried out, the results show that activated carbon produced from coconut fibers would be useful and effective for adsorbent purposes, considering its large pores.

scholarly journals Comparison of Coal-, Coconut-, and Wood-Based Activated Carbons for Removal of Organic Matters in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Eunkwang Kwon ◽  
Soohyung Park ◽  
Wontae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Publicly Owned Treatment Works ◽  
Carbon Adsorption

Objectives : This study investigated the removal of dissolved organic materials by coal-, coconut-, and wood-based activated carbons to assess the addition of an activated carbon process to a publicly owned treatment works (POTW).Methods : We assessed the removal of total organic carbon (TOC) by each process in the POTW, and examined the removal of TOC and UVA254 upon adding different amounts of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons (50, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg/L) with various contact time (10, 20, 30, 60, 120 min).Results and Discussion : Approximately 80% of TOC was removed throughout the POTW compared to the influent. The activated carbon adsorption tests of coagulated wastewater revealed that the removal rate of TOC and UVA254 from coal-based activated carbon was higher than those of coconut-based and wood-based activated carbons. The removal rate of dissolved organic materials was highest in ozone treated wastewater in all types of activated carbons, followed by ultraviolet disinfected wastewater and coagulated wastewater.Conclusions : It was possible to remove an additional 35-55% of dissolved organic materials upon addition of activated carbon to the treated wastewater although the removal depends on the material of the activated carbon, the injection amount, and the contact time. If an activated carbon process is adopted to the POTW, it can meet the effluent water quality standards (TOC).

scholarly journals Treatment of Dye Wastewater from Batik Industry by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Adsorption

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Aulia Qisti ◽  
Yudhi Utomo ◽  
Deni Ainur Rokhim
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Batik is a characteristic Indonesian textile product. The color of batik is one component that affects the quality of batik. Various types of batik dyes, one of which is remazol dyes. Remazol dyes are synthetic dyes that have strong chemical bonds. This is what underlies the process of production of the household batik industry in the village of Purwosekar, District of Tajinan, Malang Regency, with remazol coloring will produce liquid waste that is difficult to be deciphered naturally. This study aims to provide a water treatment solution using the coconut shell activated carbon adsorption method with chemical activation and the ability to adsorb remazol dyes. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batches with a mesh size of 8 with coconut shell carbon activated with 1 M HCl solution for 24 hours. The absorption of remazol dyes by coconut shell activated charcoal is carried out with a stirring speed variation for 60 minutes and the mass of activated charcoal to find the optimum adsorption conditions. Stirring speed variations are 30 rpm, 60 rpm, and 90 rpm, resulting in the highest efficiency at a speed of 90 rpm. While the variations in mass are 200 grams and 300 grams, the highest efficiency is obtained with a mass of 300 grams. Thus, the efficiency of the coconut shell activated carbon is proportional to the stirring speed and mass of the coconut shell activated carbon used

scholarly journals Removal of Selected Dyes on Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4300
Author(s):  
Ewa Okoniewska
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms

Dyes are widely used in various industries such as those involving paper, food, plastics, and fibers. The produced wastewater has a specific character. Organic substances found in wastewater and when introduced into natural water bodies have a toxic effect on living organisms, causing increased chemical and biological oxygen demand. Some dyes, even in very low concentrations, cause intense colouring. To remove dyes from wastewater, methods such as flotation, oxidation, ozonation, filtration or coagulation with metal compounds are used. Unfortunately, when these methods are used, very large amounts of sludge are produced, which is another problem for the environment. Therefore, one of the methods that can effectively remove dyes from wastewater without creating large amounts of waste is activated carbon adsorption. Adsorption methods in the treatment of wastewater from the dye industry are of particular importance due to their high efficiency, ability to operate over a relatively wide range of concentrations, and availability. The most common adsorbent is activated carbon, which has a high adsorption capacity against many organic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of filtration rate and type of activated carbon on the removal efficiency of selected cationic (anilan yellow) and anionic (tartrazine) dyes from aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals Composites of ZnO nanoparticles and biomass based activated carbon: adsorption, photocatalytic and antibacterial capacities

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 492-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. F. Cruz ◽  
M. M. Gómez ◽  
J. L. Solis ◽  
J. Rimaycuna ◽  
R. L. Solis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Composite Adsorbent ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Composite material (AC-ZnO) was prepared by growing ZnO nanoparticles during the production of biomass based-activated carbon (AC) via the incorporation of zinc acetate in the process. Comprehensive analyses confirmed the presence of ZnO nanoparticles over the AC surface and described the particular nature of the composite adsorbent. Methylene blue (MB) equilibrium data fitted the Dubinin-Radushkevich model. The MB adsorption capacity was higher for the bare activated carbons (197.9–188.7 mg/g) than the activated carbons with ZnO nanoparticles (137.6–149.7 mg/g). The adsorption of the MB on the adsorbents is physical because the mean adsorption energy (E) is between 1.76 and 2.00 kJ/mol. Experiments that combine adsorption and photocatalysis were carried out with different loads of adsorbents and with and without UV-light exposure. Photocatalytic activity was identified mostly at the first stage of the adsorption process and, in the case of experiments with less load of the composite AC-ZnO, because the light obstruction effect of the activated carbon is more for higher loads. The ZnO grown over AC improves the adsorption of cations such as Pb, Al and Fe in aqueous phase (polluted river water) and provides antibacterial capacity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.

Treatment of High-Strength, Complex and Toxic Chemical Wastewater: End-of Pipe “Best Available Technology” vs. an In-Plant Control Program

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shimshon Belkin ◽  
Asher Brenner ◽  
Alon Lebel ◽  
Aharon Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Control Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Acceptable Solution ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Best Available Technology ◽  
Available Technology

A case study is presented, in which two approaches to the treatment of complex chemical wastewater are experimentally compared: an end-of-pipe “best available technology” option and an in-plant source segregation program. Both options proved to be feasible. Application of the powdered activated carbon treatment (PACT™) process for the combined end-of-pipe stream yielded up to 93% reduction of dissolved organic carbon, with complete toxicity elimination. In order to examine the potential for applying a conventional activated sludge process, a simplified laboratory screening procedure was devised, aimed at establishing baseline data of removability potential, defined either by biodegradation, activated carbon adsorption or volatilization. Using this procedure, the major source of the non-biodegradable fraction in the combined park's wastewater was traced to a single factory, from which twelve individual source streams were screened. The results allowed the division of the tested sources into three groups: degradable, volatile, and problematic. A modified wastewater segregation and treatment program was accordingly proposed, which should allow an efficient and environmentally acceptable solution. This program is presently at its final testing stages, at the conclusion of which a full comparison between the two approaches will be carried out.

scholarly journals Computer Analysis of the Effect of Activation Temperature on the Microporous Structure Development of Activated Carbon Derived from Common Polypody

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kwiatkowski ◽  
Jarosław Serafin ◽  
Andy M. Booth ◽  
Beata Michalkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
Computer Analysis ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Microporous Structure ◽  
Activation Temperature

This paper presents the results of a computer analysis of the effect of activation process temperature on the development of the microporous structure of activated carbon derived from the leaves of common polypody (Polypodium vulgare) via chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) at activation temperatures of 700, 800, and 900 °C. An unconventional approach to porous structure analysis, using the new numerical clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method together with the implemented unique gas state equation, was used in this study. The LBET method is based on unique mathematical models that take into account, in addition to surface heterogeneity, the possibility of molecule clusters branching and the geometric and energy limitations of adsorbate cluster formation. It enabled us to determine a set of parameters comprehensively and reliably describing the porous structure of carbon material on the basis of the determined adsorption isotherm. Porous structure analyses using the LBET method were based on nitrogen (N2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) adsorption isotherms determined for individual activated carbon. The analyses carried out showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity for activated carbon obtained was at an activation temperature of 900 °C, a value only slightly higher than that obtained for activated carbon prepared at 700 °C, but the values of geometrical parameters determined for these activated carbons showed significant differences. The results of the analyses obtained with the LBET method were also compared with the results of iodine number analysis and the results obtained with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Dubinin–Radushkevich (DR), and quenched solid density functional theory (QSDFT) methods, demonstrating their complementarity.

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