scholarly journals The Social Burden of Witchcraft accusation and Its Victims: An Exercise in Philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Olusegun Stephen Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Social Burden ◽  
Reasonable Explanation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Witch ◽  
Relationship Of

The killing and burning of witches in contemporary era seem to be unabated. The contemporary minds have not succeeded in ‘scienticising’ belief in witchcraft. In Africa, Canada and India, the incidence, accusations and extrajudicial sanctions against witches are routine. The phenomenon of witchcraft is justified to be real. Before a misfortune could be plausibly attributed to witchcraft, it had to be seen as the outcome of a certain type of social situation. For in a witch-case the suspect was usually a person who had been involved in a relationship of real or presumed hostility towards the victim, then an accusation of witchcraft originated with someone living in close proximity to the suspect, and was meant to explain some local and personal misfortune. We then explain the socialization of witchcraft accusation in terms of the immediate social environment of the witch and her accuser. What we have in mind is that there are a lot of socialization between the witch and her victims in such a way that witches do not attack stranger and the victim can easily guess who is socially responsible for his/her misfortunes. We shall argue therefore, that once we are able to explain witchcraft causal reasonable explanation, the kind of metaphysical change of mind on witchcraft and the subsequent incidence, accusations and extrajudicial sanctions against witches would be reduced.

The Relationship of Early Behaviour to Later Developmental Outcome for Preterm Children

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslava Dittrichová ◽  
Václav Břicháček ◽  
František Mandys ◽  
Karel Paul ◽  
Daniela Sobotková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study aimed, first, to analyse in detail early sleep states in 21 preterm infants born before the 33rd week of gestational age and compare them with sleep states in 23 fullterm infants assessed at gestationally matched ages in the first six months. Second, to determine whether analyses of early sleep states in preterm infants may enable identification of infants with future developmental disabilities. In addition to evaluations of perinatal risk factors, neurological condition, psychological development, and social environment during the first year of life, examinations of psychological and neurological development and the assessment of the social environment at 3 and 9 years were carried out. Measures of perinatal status and sleep states up to the age of 40 weeks gestational age did not correlate with outcome measures at 3 and 9 years. However, the polygraphic measures of sleep states at 12 and 24 weeks corrected age, predicted the 3-year developmental outcomes. The complexity of these measures may contribute to their predictive validity for the outcomes at 3 years. Measures of the social environment at 3 and 9 years contributed significantly to the prediction of 9-year developmental outcomes. These results indicate that environmental factors may become more important with age. The detailed analysis of early sleep patterns may enable the early identification of infants who need special care and intervention.

scholarly journals Influence of Experiential Consumption and Social Environment of Local Tourists on the Intention to Revisit Tunisian Guesthouses: Mediating Role of Involvement in the Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6584
Author(s):  
Nesrine Khazami ◽  
Zoltan Lakner
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Experiential Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intention To Revisit

This study aims to examine the relationships between the experiential consumption, the social environment, and intention to revisit. The mediating role of involvement in the experience between experiential consumption and the intention to revisit and between the social environment and the intention to revisit has been expressed and tested. The data for this research was collected from local tourists staying in guesthouses scattered all over Tunisia. The authors applied structural partial least squares equation modeling to analyze 259 questionnaires completed by participants and to test the hypotheses. The authors found a positive and direct effects of the social environment on involvement in the experience while experiential consumption did not. In addition, the results indicated positive and significant indirect effects for the social environment on the intention to revisit through involvement in the experience. The results do not support a mediating role of involvement in experience on the relationship of experiential consumption and intention to revisit. In addition, the results showed a strong and positive effect of involvement in the experience on intention to revisit. This research makes a distinctive theoretical contribution to the literature of perceived experiential value by analyzing the relationships between experiential consumption and the social environment on experience involvement and intention to revisit a guesthouse. In addition, this study explores several practical implications of these results.

scholarly journals The economic situation and social interactions of prisoners’ families

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Sonia Dzierzyńska-Breś
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis

This article shows the current state of knowledge about: the economic situation and social interactions of families of prisoners. An in-depth analysis of own research, as well as those presented so far in Polish and foreign literature, has allowed to distinguish three types of social situations of families of prisoners, with particular emphasis on their economic situation and social interactions, namely; (1) the social situation of a family supporting the resocialization of the prisoner, (2) the social situation of a prisoner’s family, which is in opposition to the process of resocialization, (3) the social situation of a family focused on the reconstruction of its own social environment.

The Nonverbal Child: Some Clinical Guidelines

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Stark ◽  
Robert L. Rosenbaum ◽  
Dorothea Schwartz ◽  
Arlene Wisan
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Reinforcement Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Behavior ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article describes some principles and procedures related to language training for nonverbal children. Reinforcement theory is discussed and illustrative cases are presented. Emphasis is on the application of an experimental approach to the modification of language behavior. The role of recent research in language acquisition as well as the relationship of the language training to the social environment is questioned and discussed.

Relationship of Schizophrenia to the Environment

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S5) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Social Stimulation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of

Attention was first drawn to the importance of this topic by Schneider (1957) when he proposed that some of his first-rank symptoms could be grouped together under the concept of ‘permeability’ of the barrier between the individual and his/her environment — the ‘loss of ego boundaries’. Similarly, in a recent series of papers (Strauss et al, 1987), the essence of schizophrenia was conceptualised in the processes of interaction between biology, behaviour, and environment. The two main syndromes — acute and chronic — can each be precipitated or made worse by environmental factors, and although most patients with the negative syndrome appear to show some irreducible impairment, poverty of the social environment has been found to worsen their condition, while on the other hand, a moderate degree of social stimulation promotes relative improvement (Wing, 1987).

scholarly journals Improvised music as socially engaged art: Poetics of Cardew and Rzewski

New Sound ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Radoš Mitrović
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Socially Engaged Art ◽  
Free Improvisation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Improvised Music ◽  
Social Turmoil ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the light of the social turmoil in 1968, some composers have singled out advocating the greater involvement of musicians, i.e. music in the social movement. Cornelius Cardew and Frederic Rzewski, among others, believed that improvised music provides the opportunity for creating socially engaged art. However their concepts differed. While Cardew stayed with the idea of controlled improvisation, implemented through the Scratch Orchestra, Rzewski demanded completely free improvisation in his Parma Manifesto. In this paper I shall problematize the relationship of poetics behind the Scratch Orchestra and the Parma Manifesto in the light of the social situation of 1968, their crucial differences and their common idea of the democratization of avant-garde music.

FC04-04 - Suicidality during the implementation of security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1831-1831
Author(s):  
G. Bogojevic ◽  
L. Ziravac
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Security Measure ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Paranoid Psychosis

IntroductionEach psychiatric patient is potentially suicidal. However, the mentally illness people who pronounced security measure of compulsory psychiatric treatment are the particular risk group. In their current psychopathology has the greatest importance in the development of suicidal tendencies. On the other hand, many provocative external factors affect the emergence of suicidality.ObjectivesThe paper discusses the influence of several variables on the occurrence of suicidal tendencies: type of mental disorder, kind of crime, length of hospitalization, stigmatization and social and family acceptance.MethodThe retrospective study included 160 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid psychosis and mood disorders in the period since 2005 to 2009. The research is related to the relationship of “social isolation” of these patients and suicidal tendencies.ResultsThe results showed that patients diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit the highest degree of suicidality 67, 5%. Criminal offense into the family, long hospitalization, the stigmatization of patients and not accepting of the social environment, particularly of the family are the factors that contribute to suicidality.ConclusionMisunderstanding and avoidance of the patients from the social environment and especially from the family is a common characteristic of these patients. This causes the feeling of worthlessness, rejection and helplessness. The sense of further life for them doesn’t exist. If we look at suicide as a revenge and punishment of others, than suicidality of this group of mental illness people is a good example of that.

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