scholarly journals The economic situation and social interactions of prisoners’ families

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-210
Author(s):  
Sonia Dzierzyńska-Breś
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis

This article shows the current state of knowledge about: the economic situation and social interactions of families of prisoners. An in-depth analysis of own research, as well as those presented so far in Polish and foreign literature, has allowed to distinguish three types of social situations of families of prisoners, with particular emphasis on their economic situation and social interactions, namely; (1) the social situation of a family supporting the resocialization of the prisoner, (2) the social situation of a prisoner’s family, which is in opposition to the process of resocialization, (3) the social situation of a family focused on the reconstruction of its own social environment.

Social appreciation for the improvement of tourism management of 20th-century heritage: a methodological proposal

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gema Ramírez-Guerrero ◽  
Javier García-Onetti ◽  
Juan Adolfo Chica-Ruiz ◽  
Manuel Arcíla-Garrido
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cultural Assets ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Creation

Purpose This paper attempts to fill the gap that exists in research regarding 20th-century heritage and its social appreciation. The purpose of this paper is to explore different ways of evaluating the heritage value and tourism potential and to propose an innovative model validated in the Zarzuela Hippodrome as an example of cultural asset from 20th century with important economic, social, cultural, aesthetic and architectural aspects. Design/methodology/approach This study opted for an interpretation of heritage from an ecosystem, integrating and global paradigm, understanding the asset as a set of resources that interact with each other, generating a common and enriched tourist experience among all the elements that make it up. From this perspective, it is conceived that by modifying one of the elements, the whole (tourist) ecosystem will be equally influenced. On the other side, it was incorporated non-parametric techniques based on the implementation of surveys for the validation of the tool to the case study of the Zarzuela hippodrome. Findings The results suggest that the hippodrome's internal values have been evaluated very positively, while its external values are low. Through this study, the paper has identified several weaknesses that impede its functioning as a viable “tourist product.” The distance from the city center, the lack of available information and the scarce diffusion and tourism promotion are its main weaknesses. The proposed analysis tool reveals the importance of the active participation of visitors to evaluate cultural assets through the combination of aspects related to the conservation of cultural assets and, in turn, elements that encourage their commodification as tourist products, break down barriers between these two disciplines. Research limitations/implications The management tool proposed in this study can be used to underpin the creation of tourism experiences in cultural or heritage assets by diagnosing the current state of its tourist potential, quantifying its value in relation to the visitors’ perception and making visible those problematic aspects to develop actions to solve them. Although the present study is support for future research, as well as for improving the marketing of heritage in tourist settings, an in-depth analysis of the technical elements of heritage, as well as of its intervention (if applicable), will be necessary for the managers who want to use the tool. Social implications One of the most differentiating characteristics between the construction typology of 20th-century historical buildings is perhaps the scarcity of decorative ornamentation, with exposed concrete being the main surface coating. Many of these constructions have an important cultural and historical relevance, however, the social perception, as regards its consideration as architectural and artistic heritage seems to reflect discordant aspects. This study provides support as a decision-making tool to determine the existing valuation of a building and how to enhance it. Originality/value This study takes steps toward the creation of a model that supports decision-makers and owners of cultural assets through a measurement system that makes it possible to quantify and determine the current state of tourism use through the social evaluation of heritage criteria. It defines which are the elements that favor the resilience of the property or, on the contrary, which are those that undermine its enhancement.

Spontaneous Involvement and Social Life

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Ostrow
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Erving Goffman ◽  
The Social

Throughout his writings, Erving Goffman develops the principle that successful impression management requires an appearance of “spontaneous involvement” as evidence of individuals' sincerity. Goffman never articulates this principle in terms of how persons are actually—indeed, as he sometimes recognizes, necessarily involved spontaneously in the social environment. This paper asks: What does it mean for our reading of Goffman and of social situations generally if we move the proposition of the experiential necessity of spontaneous involvement to the center of sociological analysis? I discuss why it never moved to the center of Goffman's inquiries, and then argue that a theory of habit facilitates an elaborate of its sociological significance.

scholarly journals What does social support sound like? Challenges and opportunities for using passive episodic audio collection to assess the social environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anubhuti Poudyal ◽  
Alastair van Heerden ◽  
Ashley Hagaman ◽  
Celia Islam ◽  
Ada Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audio Data

Abstract Background: The social environment, including social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g., episodic recording of the auditory environment without requiring any active input from the phone user) enables new opportunities to understand the social environment. We evaluated the use of passive audio collection on mobile phones as a window onto the relationship between the social environment within a study of mental health among adolescent mothers in Nepal.Methods: We enrolled 23 adolescent mothers who first participated in qualitative interviews to describe their social support and identify sounds potentially associated with that support. Then episodic recordings were collected for two weeks from the same women using an app to capture 30 seconds of audio every 15 minutes from 4am to 9pm. Audio data were processed and classified using a pretrained model. Each classification category was accompanied by a predicted accuracy score. Manual validation of the machine-predicted speech and non-speech categories (10%) was done for accuracy.Results: In qualitative interviews, mothers described a range of positive and negative social interactions and the sounds that accompanied these. Potential positive sounds included adult speech and laughter, baby babbling and laughter, and sounds from baby toys. Sounds characterizing negative stimuli included yelling, crying, screaming by adults and crying by babies. Sounds associated with social isolation included silence and TV or radio noises. Speech comprised of 43% of all passively recorded audio clips (n=7725). Manual validation showed a 23% false positive rate and 62% false-negative rate for speech, demonstrating potential underestimation of speech exposure. Other common sounds included music and vehicular noises.Conclusions: Passively capturing audio has the potential to improve understanding of the social environment. However, the limited accuracy of the pre-trained model used in this study did not adequately distinguish between positive and negative social interactions. To improve the contribution of passive audio collection to understanding the social environment, future work should improve the accuracy of audio categorization, code for constellations of sounds, and combine audio with other smartphone data collection such as location and activity.

ably salient acros s most people of a given culture or subculture. Other stimuli or surrounding circumstances are relevant but are more idiosyncratic to the situation or people involved in the interac-tions, such as the peoples* past histories of interaction with each other, th e authority one person has over another, or the contingen-cies one can exert over the other, and whether or not there is some apparent evidence that, in fact, a poor job was done. For example, if your boss tells you that you have done a poor job in a serious tone of voic e with an unsmiling face, it might be appropriate to ask what the problem was, to discuss the reason for what happened and try to discover ways to avoid that problem in the future. In contrast, if a peer who had a long history o f unfairly criticizing your activities told you the same thing, in a casual manner and there was little ap-parent evidence that a poor job was done, you might simply acknowledge the remark or even indicate that you found the remark offensive. Thus, identification of what types of responses might b e appropriate in particular social situations requires a very complex set o f discriminative skills which often need to be used without substantial warning and implemented quickly. Given identification of the stimuli which determine a general type o f response in a social situation, an adolescent needs to display the specific verbal and nonverbal behaviors of the general response. Certain of these behaviors such as making periodic eye contact while the other person is speaking, facing the other person, main-taining a relaxed posture and using a neutral or enthusiastic voice tone need to occur throughout the social interaction . Other behaviors need to occur within a specific sequence. For example, in a greeting and subsequent conversation, a salutation might be followed by a general question about the health of the other person, and then by more specific questions and responsive statements about topics o f possible common interest or about something that the other person mentioned in previous conversations. Further , the sequence of behaviors needs to be arranged to encompass the possible options or branches that might occur in the interactions. For example, the sequence of behaviors modeled in giving negative feedback to another person would vary depending on whether the other person agreed or did not agree with the feedback. Finally, there are general organizational and meshing skills which are essential for successful social interactions. These include using a vocabulary and content appropriate to the person with whom the adolescent is interacting, taking turns in the interaction,'picking

2014 ◽  
pp. 136-146
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
General Question ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
The Social ◽  
General Response ◽  
Verbal And Nonverbal Behaviors

The Social Price of Constant Connectivity: Smartphones Impose Subtle Costs on Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostadin Kushlev ◽  
Ryan Dwyer ◽  
Elizabeth W. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smartphone Use

Smartphones provide people with a variety of benefits, but they may also impose subtle social costs. We propose that being constantly connected undercuts the emotional benefits of face-to-face social interactions in two ways. First, smartphone use may diminish the emotional benefits of ongoing social interactions by preventing us from giving our full attention to friends and family in our immediate social environment. Second, smartphones may lead people to miss out on the emotional benefits of casual social interactions by supplanting such interactions altogether. Across field experiments and experience-sampling studies, we find that smartphones consistently interfere with the emotional benefits people could otherwise reap from their broader social environment. We also find that the costs of smartphone use are fairly subtle, contrary to proclamations in the popular press that smartphones are ruining our social lives. By highlighting how smartphones affect the benefits we derive from our broader social environment, this work provides a foundation for building theory and research on the consequences of mobile technology for human well-being.

Sex Differences in Response to Marijuana in a Social Setting

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cannie Stark Adamec ◽  
R. O. Pihl
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Social Setting ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Males And Females

Due to the failure to include women in the subject samples of most experimental investigations of the effects of cannabis, the possibility exists that the data obtained on this social intoxicant are applicable to only 49% of the population. Those few studies that have compared males and females have focused on performance variables and have demonstrated very few differences. It was hypothesized that the most likely area for male/female marijuana differences would be that of social interactions and behaviors related to these interactions. In a relaxed, informal atmosphere, Es videotaped the social interactions of groups of female friends, female strangers, male friends, or male strangers as they smoked coltsfoot, placebo, and marijuana. In addition to social-condition and drug-condition differences, we obtained statistically significant effects indicating that the women responded both to the social situations and to the drug differently from the men. In general, the women interacted with each other more positively than did the men. These effects were paralleled by sex differences in mood, person perception, and even in how pleasurable or annoying the experimental tasks were. These data are of import not only in the area of cannabis research but in the field of social interactions and the study of female/male differences as well.

Social Interactions of Learning Disabled Children: A Linguistic, Social and Cognitive Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanis Bryan ◽  
Susanna Pftaum
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Academic Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Language Competency

In analyzing the linguistic, social, and cognitive attributes of the social interactions of learning disabled children, Bryan and Pflaum have raised some questions about the practice of classifying learning disabled on intelligence and academic factors alone. This study examines the language competency of learning disabled children as it relates to social situations demanding interpersonal communication skills. The importance of studying the content and style of the learning disabled child's communication across social situations is stressed.

Attachment to the Physical Dimension of Places

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Hidalgo ◽  
Bernardo Hernández
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Previous Contact

Social relationships had been important in explanation and prediction of attachment to places. Although some have asserted the importance of physical aspects of the environment in the formation of attachment ties to a place, the social environment is required for the formation of bonds to a place, although strong emphasis on the social aspect has been questioned and the importance of the physical environment noted. The present objective in two studies was to test whether college students ( ns = 30 and 27) show a preference for a place they know, independently of the social interactions developed in them. Results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e., after a very brief stay in a certain place with nobody else there, these college students preferred that place to another with which they had not had previous contact.

scholarly journals C2C value co-creation through social interactions in tourism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ina Reichenberger
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Interviews

Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper examines the social practice of customer-to-customer value co-creation in tourism contexts by considering visitor–visitor interactions, their manifestations, influential factors, and types of resulting value using extended social situation analysis. On the basis of 76 qualitative in-depth interviews, results show that value co-creation is not necessarily dependent upon the underlying social interactions but predominantly influenced by personal factors and attitudes towards sociability. The stronger the focus on other social actors is and the longer and more personal the social interactions are, the more complex and multilayered is the co-created perceived value.

scholarly journals Cultural-Historical Scientific School: The Issues That L. S. Vygotsky Brought Up

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Vitaly V. Rubtsov
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
New School ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Psyche

The report highlights the fundamentals of L.S. Vygotsky’s cultural-historical theory and discusses the system of concepts of this scientific school. The report analyses L.S. Vy-gotsky’s approach, according to which the basis for the development of human psyche is created by a qualitative change of the social situation or, in A.N. Leont’ev’s terms, by a change of human activity. The importance of intelligence and emotions, which are inter-nally connected, is demonstrated in relation to the change of human activity. The role of social interactions in learning and development of children is discussed referring to the challenges of the “new school”.

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