Reproductive biology of silurid catfishes Ompok miostoma (Vaillant 1902)  in Mahakam River East Kalimantan

Reproductive biology of silurid catfish O.miostoma(Vaillant 1902)as one of endemic species in Mahakam River East Kalimantan is not yet known. This study aimed to analysisreproductive aspect related to changing seasons, including sex-ratio, spawning season, spawning location, length at first gonad maturity, gonado-somatic index, and fecundity. Total fish samples (n=1214)were collected monthly from November 2013 to October 2014 at four locations in the Mahakam River, using many fishing gears.The results of this research showthe total length of fish ranged from 132.19 to 227.30 mm and weight ranged from 20.00 to 70.40 g. The overall sex ratio of male and female was1: 1.56, while at gonad maturity stages were1:1.77. The spawning season range from November to January and peak spawning occurs in December. The highest spawning location was found at swamp flood Semayang Lake. The length at first gonad maturity of male ranged of 191.05-202.60 mm, while it was in 179.56-198.50 female. Maximum average gonado-somatic index (GSI) values obtained for male and female were 0.32 and 2.07 respectively during spawning period in November and declined to minimum in February. The total fecundity and eggs diameter rangedfrom 2648 to 12495 eggsind-1and 0.61 to 1.30 mm respectively. There was a positive correlation between fecundity andtotal length and weightof fishes.AbstrakBiologi reproduksi ikan lais O. miostoma (Vaillant 1902)sebagai salah satu spesies endemik di Sungai Mahakam Kalimantan Timur belum pernah diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisisaspek reproduksi ikan laisberkaitan dengan perubahan musimyang mencakupnisbah kelamin, musim pemijahan, lokasi pemijahan, ukuran kali pertama matang gonad, indeks kematangan gonad dan fekunditas.Total ikan contoh 1214 ekor telah dikumpulkan setiap bulan mulai dari bulan November 2013 sampai Oktober 2014di empat lokasi perairan Sungai Mahakam, menggunakan berbagai alat tangkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanukuran panjang total ikan berkisar dari 132,19-227,30 mm dan bobot berkisar dari 20,00-70,40 gram.Nisbah kelamin seluruh ikan jantan dan betina yang diamati 1 : 1,56, sedangkanpada tahap kematangan gonad 1:1,77. Musim pemijahan terjadi mulai dari bulan November sampai Januari dan puncak pemijahan pada bulan Desember. Lokasi pemijahan tertinggi ditemukan di rawa banjiran Danau Semayang. Ukuran ikan pertamamatang gonad pada jantan berkisar dari 191,05-202,60 mm dan betina berkisar dari 179,56-198,50 mm. Rata-rata indeks kematangan gonad (IKG) tertinggi ditemukan pada jantan dan betina berturut turut 0,32 dan 2,07 selama musim pemijahanpada bulan November dan menurun hingga terendah pada bulan Februari. Fekunditas total berkisar dari 2.648-12.495 butir telur per individu.Ada korelasi positif antara fekunditas dengan panjang total dan bobot ikan.

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Some reproductive biology aspects of bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) in the waters of Benanga Reservoir, East Kalimantan

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v20i3.529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Jusmaldi Jusmaldi ◽

Nova Hariani ◽

Medi Hendra ◽

Nikmahtulhaniah Ayu Wulandari ◽

Sarah Sarah

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Reproductive Biology ◽

Mesh Size ◽

Spawning Season ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Fish Stock ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Egg Diameter

Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes, 1842) that belongs to the Cyprinidae family is one of the native freshwater fishes in Indonesian waters. Currently, status of this species in Benanga Reservoir, East Kalimantan is in over-exploited. Fish resources management, therefore, is needed to maintained fish stock in the reservoir based on fish reproductive biology aspects. The purpose of this study was to analyze some aspects of the reproductive biology including sex-ratio, gonad maturity, length at first gonad maturity, spawning season, fecundity, and spawning patterns as basic information for its management. Fish collection was carried out monthly on the third week from January to May 2019 at three stations. The fish samples were captured by using experimental gill nets with mesh size of 1; 1.5; 2; and 3 inches. A total of 278 bonylip barb was caught, consist of 92 males and 186 females. Sex ratio of male and female in the gonad mature stage was 1: 2.4. The average length at first gonad maturity in male and female were 136.08 mm and 137.38 mm, respectively. Peak of spawning occurs during the rainy season in May, with more than 90% of fish in mature stage with GSI in male and female were 6.88%, 13.16% respectively. Total fecundity ranged from 7312-22923 eggs individual-1 and egg diameter ranged from 0.6-1.94 mm. According to distribution of egg diameter, bonylip barb was categoried as a total spawner. Some management strategies that can be carried out are using fishing gears with mesh size above 2 inches, limiting fishing activities in the peak of the spawning season, prohibiting fishing gear using electric shocker and protection the reservoir from erosion.

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Hubungan panjang bobot dan faktor kondisi ikan wader bintik dua Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) di Sungai Barambai Samarinda Kalimantan

Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia ◽

10.32491/jii.v18i2.426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

. Jusmaldi ◽

Nova Hariani

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Mean Value ◽

Male And Female ◽

Weight Relationship ◽

Total Length ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Fish Samples

Biology of the spotted barb Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) in Barambai River, east Kalimantan is unknown. This study aimed to analyses sizes of fish, sex ratio, length-weight relationship and condition factor of the spotted barb. A total of 347 fish samples were collected by several gears in Barambai River from August to October 2017. The results of this research showed that the total length of the fish ranged from 45.67 to 146.01 mm and weight ranged from 1.27-43.34 g. The sex ratio of male and female were 1:1.12. The length-weight equations for males was W = 1x10-5 L3.063, W = 8x10-6L3.108 for females, and W = 9 x 10-6 L3.091 for both sexes. The condition factor (K) for the spotted barb was ranged between 0.826 – 2.214 with mean value of 1.163. AbstrakBiologi ikan wader bintik dua Barbodes binotatus (Valenciennes, 1842) di Sungai Barambai, Kalimantan Timur belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ukuran ikan, nisbah kelamin, hubungan panjang bobot, dan faktor kon-disi. Total 347 sampel ikan dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan berbagai alat tangkap di Sungai Barambai dari bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panjang total ikan berkisar dari 45,67 sampai 146,01 mm dan bobot tubuh berkisar 1,27- 43,34 gram. Nisbah kelamin jantan dan betina 1: 1,12. Model hubungan panjang bobot ikan jantan W = 1x10-5 L3,063, ikan betina W = 8x10-6L3,108,dan keseluruhan jenis ikan W = 9 x 10-6 L3,091. Faktor kondisi (K) ikanwader bintik dua berkisar antara 0,826 - 2,214 dan rata-rata 1,163.

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REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF SCALLOPED PERCHLET, Ambassis nalua (HAMILTON, 1822) IN PABEAN BAY INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.28930/jitkt.v9i1.17921 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Nisha Desfi Arianti ◽

M.F. Rahardjo ◽

Ahmad Zahid

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Spawning Season ◽

West Java ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Length Range ◽

Males And Females ◽

Mature Fish ◽

First Maturity ◽

Somatic Index

ABSTRACTScalloped perchlet, Ambassis nalua, is one of fishes in Pabean Bay, Indramayu. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of Ambassis nalua in Pabean Bay Indramayu including sex ratio, spawning season, first maturity, fecundity and spawning pattern. Fish samples were collected by trap net and trammel net at three sites in Pabean Bay from April to October 2015. A total of 424 of A. nalua were caught, consist of 114 males and 310 females; with total length ranged from 38.04 to 112.63 mm and total weight ranged from 0.37 to 25.44 g. Sex ratio of mature fish was 1:1.9. The mature males and females were found in every month of sampling period. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 and 2.36 to 4.54 for male and female, respectively. The peak of spawning season was found in September. The first maturity (Lm50) for male and female were 79.17 mm and 91.25 mm, respectively. The fecundity varied from 3,451–32,465 eggs. Egg diameter distribution shows that spawning pattern of A. nalua was batch spawner. Keywords: Ambassis nalua, spawning season, sex ratio, reproduction

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Reproduction of tank goby(Glossogobius giuris) in Ujung Pangkah Waters, East Java

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.11.64-75 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

. Sulistiono

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Body Length ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Oocyte Diameter ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Total Body ◽

Glossogobius Giuris ◽

Somatic Index

Tank goby (Glossogobius giuris) is a commonly fish found in coastal area. This study was aimed to investigate reproduction of the fish. Samples were collected from July to December 2005 from fish caught by fishermen using gill net and trap net in Ujung Pangkah Waters. Analysis was done to estimate sex ratio, gonad maturity, gonado somatic index, fecundity, and oocyte diameter. During the observation, the tank goby fish was 198 individual consisted of 112 male and 86 female fish varied 63‒230 mm in total body length. Sex ratio was around 1:1.1. First maturity gonad of male was 111‒134mm and female was 87‒110 mm total body length, respectively. According to gonad maturity stage and gonado somatic index, the fish was estimated to spawn from July to December. During July and August, the gonad maturity stage and gonado somatic index were higher indicating a lot of spawning fish during those months. Fecundity was 10,640‒150,639eggs and oocyte diameter was 49‒372 µm. Based on the oocyte distribution, the fish was estimated apartial spawner. Keywords: Ujung Pangkah Waters, reproduction,tank goby,Glossogobius giuris

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ASPEK REPRODUKSI IKAN BAUNG (Hemibagrus nemurus) DI PAPARAN BANJIRAN LUBUK LAMPAM KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ILIR

BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap ◽

10.15578/bawal.7.3.2015.137-146 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Eko Prianto ◽

Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal ◽

Ismudi Muchsin ◽

Endi Setiadi Kartamihardja

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Economic Value ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gill Net ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Index Value ◽

First Maturity ◽

Somatic Index ◽

Important Fish

Ikan baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting di perairan umum daratan Indonesia khususnya Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir. Ikan ini memiliki nilai ekonomis penting untuk ikan konsumsi. Pada tahun 2004 hasil tangkapan ikan baung di Sumatera Selatan berjumlah 1.684,6 ton sedangkan pada tahun 2005 berjumlah 899,5 ton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan baung di paparan banjiran. Lokasi penelitian di Lubuk Lampam Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir Provinsi Sumatera Selatan dimulai bulan Nopember 2012-Nopember 2013. Ikan sampel dikumpulkan dari hasil tangkapan nelayandan hasil tangkapan percobaan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring insang (gill net), pancing (pole and line), bubu dan bengkirai (traps). Analisis datameliputi: nibah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, indek kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama kali matang gonad, potensi reproduksi dan pola reproduksi. Sampel ikan baung berjumlah 384 ekor terdiri dari jantan dan betina masing-masing sebanyak 118 dan 266 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nisbah kelamin ikan baung yang ditemukan dalam penelitian baung 0,44:1, yang menunjukkan nibah kelamin tidak seimbang. Nilai IKG ikan baung betina berkisar 1,8-14.3% sedangkan ikan baung 1,3-3,9%. Ukuran pertama kali (Lm) ikan yang matang gonad untuk baung jantan (232 mm) dan betina (332 mm). Rata-rata fekunditas ikan baung berjumlah 47.882+13.624 dengan pola pemijahannya adalah serempak.Baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) is one of the economically important fish species in Indonesiainland water, especially Ogan Ilir district. These fish have an important economic value as fish consumption. In 2004,production of baung in South Sumatra amount 1684.6 tons decreased to 899.5 tons in 2005. The aim of this research was to determine some aspects of reproductiveof green catfish in floodplain. The research location in a Lubuk Lampam floodplain Ogan Ogan Ilir South Sumatra began in November 2012-November 2013. Fish samples were collected by experimental fishing such gill nets, pole and line, traps. Data analysis includes sex ratio, level maturity, gonado somatic index, first maturity, reproductive potential and reproductive patterns. Green catfish samples have totally 384 specimen consist ofmales and females, 118 and 266 specimen, respectively. The results showed sex ratio of the male and female of green catfish was 0.44: 1, which shows the sex ratio isunbalanced. Gonado somatic index value of green catfish female ranged 1.8-14.3%while male was 1.3-3.9%. The size at the first maturity of the male and female of green catfish was 232 and 332 mm, repectively. Thefecundity average of green catfish range 47.882 + 13.624 and the spawning pattern of green catfish was classified into total spawner.

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Biomorphometry of coconut crabs (Birgus latro) in Laigoma Island, North Maluku, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 890 (1) ◽

pp. 012065

Author(s):

Suryani ◽

M S Widodo ◽

U Yanuhar ◽

A Suprijanto

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Carapace Width ◽

Maturity Level ◽

Ratio Distribution ◽

Spawning Period ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Native Habitat ◽

The Relationship ◽

Land Clearance

Abstract Coconut crab is a coastal animal that lives in costal forest on islands of tropical Indo-Pacific. Crab populations are currently under threat of extinction. Several issues contribute to this, including high levels of exploitation, degradation of their native habitat, land clearance, and plantations development. This study aimed to examine the biomorphometric of coconut crabs, which includes the composition, sex ratio, distribution, widht and weight relation, condition factors and gonad maturity level. The descriptive explorative methods was used in this research. The results showed that the composition of 156 coconut crabs consisted of 82 females. The results obtained a balanced sex ratio. The size of the carapace width obtained ranged from 40.15 to 88.55 mm, with a weight of 150-565 grams. The relationship between width and capacity is allometric. The values obtained from these factors ranged from 1.01 to 1.03 for men and 1.01 to 1.012 for females. The gonad maturity level of male and female mud crabs was dominated by TKG III and IV. This indicated that the research time was in spawning period.

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ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI IKAN LAYANG BIRU (Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833) DI PERAIRAN LAUT SULAWESI

BAWAL Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap ◽

10.15578/bawal.11.3.2019.137-149 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Achmad Zamroni ◽

Adi Kuswoyo ◽

Umi Chodrijah

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Economic Value ◽

Gonad Index ◽

Fork Length ◽

Spawning Season ◽

Fish Length ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Fish Samples

Ikan layang biru (Decapterus macarellus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan pelagis kecil yang dominan tertangkap dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, terutama untuk daerah dengan perairan yang lebih oseanik seperti di perairan Indonesia bagian timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi parameter populasi ikan layang biru khususnya tertangkap di Laut Sulawesi. Pengambilan sampel ikan untuk diukur panjang cagak dan diamati kematangan gonad dilakukan secara acak setiap bulan. Informasi parameter populasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah hubungan panjang-berat, nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, nilai L50% dan Lm, parameter pertumbuhan serta tingkat pemanfaatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebaran ukuran panjang cagak ikan (fork length = FL) berkisar antara 10,25 - 32,25 cm, pola pertumbuhannya bersifat allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin ikan layang biru antara jantan : betina tidak berimbang yaitu 1 : 1,963. Ikan layang biru yang tertangkap didominasi oleh ikan dalam kondisi kematangan gonad tingkat III, artinya gonad masih dalam kondisi berkembang. Berdasarkan analisis tingkat kematangan gonad dan nilai indeks gonad dapat diketahui bahwa puncak musim pemijahan ikan terjadi pada bulan Maret. Perbandingan nilai L50% dan Lm diperoleh (L50% > Lm), artinya secara umum ikan telah mengalami matang gonad sebelum ikan tersebut ditangkap. Nilai eksplotasi lebih tinggi dari nilai eksploitasi optimal 0,5 per-tahun. Diduga puncak rekruitmen yang terjadi pada bulan Juni berasal dari musim pemijahan yang terjadi pada bulan Maret.Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is one of the dominant small pelagic fish species with high economic value, especially for areas with more oceanic waters such as eastern Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to identify the population parameters of the Mackerel scad especially those caught in the Celebes Sea. Fish samples were randomly taken to measure for length measurements and gonad maturity observation every month. Information on population parameters obtained in this study is the length-weight relationship, sex ratio, gonad maturity level, L50% and Lm values, growth parameters, and exploitation rates. The results showed that the distribution of fish length range from 10.25 - 32.25 cm of fork length, with the growth pattern was negative allometric. The sex ratio between males: females was not balanced (1: 1,963). The Mackerel scad caught was dominated by fish in the condition of level III maturity, meaning that each gonad was in a developing condition. Based on the analysis of gonad maturity and gonad index, it can be estimated that the peak of the spawning season occurs in March. A comparison of the values of L50% and Lm obtained was L50% > Lm, meaning that in general, the fish has reached gonad ripening before they were caught. The exploitation rate was higher than the optimal exploitation value of 0.5 per year. It is likely that the peak of recruitment occurred in June came from the spawning season occurred in March.

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Some aspects of the reproductive biology and sex-ratio of Cirrhina reba (Hamilton) (Cyprinidae : Cypriniformes)

University Journal of Zoology Rajshahi University ◽

10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10739 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Sarmin Akther ◽

Shirin Akther

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Reproductive Biology ◽

Standard Length ◽

Total Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Male And Female ◽

Total Length ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Somatic Index

Some aspects of the reproductive biology viz. sex-ratio gonadal length index (G.L.I.), gonado somatic index (G.S.I.) and sex-ratio of Cirrhina reba were studied during September 2004 to July 2005. In present study the highest values of GLI (33.76) and GSI (0.63) were in the month of July. Total length (TL) and gonadal length (GL), total weight (TW) and gonadal weight ( GW ), standard length (SL) and gonadal length ( GL ) and gonadal weight relationships were found to be positive; and the relationships were: GL = -3.873 + 0.219 TL (r = 0.992), GW = 0.01511+0.000815 TL (r = 0.979), GL = -2.6030+0.253 SL (r = 0.990), GL = 0.01997+0.000938 SL (r= 0.976), GW = 13.2952+0.6064 TW (r = 0.958), GW = 0.0772+0.00233 TW (r = 0.979). The sex- ratio of C. reba were 1:1.62 for male and female respectively. The Chi-square test showed significant differences of sex-ratio among months and totals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v30i0.10739Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 30, 2011 pp. 21-24

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Some Aspect Biology Reproduction of the Indonesian Predatory Catfish (Wallagonia leerii Bleeker, 1851) in Sebangau River Central Kalimantan

Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) ◽

10.29244/jpsl.11.2.276-284 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 276-284

Author(s):

Nurasiah Riza ◽

Nurlisa Alias Butet ◽

Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal ◽

Arif Wibowo ◽

Okta Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Chi Square ◽

Male And Female ◽

Gonad Maturity ◽

Central Kalimantan ◽

Large Size ◽

Total Fecundity ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Main Target ◽

Chi Square Test

Tapah fish (Wallagonia leerii) is one of the economically valuable and popular fish species because its large size and make it the main target for fishing in the Sebangau River. It is feared that excessive exploitation of these fish can cause a decline and threaten the sustainability of tapah fish, which up to now still depend on nature. This research aimed to describe reproductive biology of tapah fish related to sex ratio, gonad maturity, gonado-somato index and fecundity. A total of 96 fish samples were collected using fishing trap and seine net for three months at five sampling sites in Sebangau River. The results showed that the sex ratio of male and female for all samples were 1:0.9 and Chi-square test with a 95% confidence interval showed approaching to 1:1 ratio. The GSI value of male and female ranged from 0,110% – 0,522% and 0,112% – 0,651%. The spawning times were recorded from Desember to January. The total fecundity of 11 female ranged from 2976 to 155501 eggs with an average of 43334 eggs.

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REPRODUCTIVE ASPECTS OF SCALLOPED PERCHLET, Ambassis nalua (HAMILTON, 1822) IN PABEAN BAY INDRAMAYU, WEST JAVA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.29244/jitkt.v9i1.17921 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 113-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nisha Desfi Arianti ◽

M.F. Rahardjo ◽

Ahmad Zahid

Keyword(s):

Sex Ratio ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Spawning Season ◽

Diameter Distribution ◽

Male And Female ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Males And Females ◽

Mature Fish ◽

First Maturity ◽

Egg Diameter

ABSTRACTScalloped perchlet, Ambassis nalua, is one of fishes in Pabean Bay, Indramayu. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of Ambassis nalua in Pabean Bay Indramayu including sex ratio, spawning season, first maturity, fecundity and spawning pattern. Fish samples were collected by trap net and trammel net at three sites in Pabean Bay from April to October 2015. A total of 424 of A. nalua were caught, consist of 114 males and 310 females; with total length ranged from 38.04 to 112.63 mm and total weight ranged from 0.37 to 25.44 g. Sex ratio of mature fish was 1:1.9. The mature males and females were found in every month of sampling period. The gonado-somatic index (GSI) ranged from 0.40 to 0.83 and 2.36 to 4.54 for male and female, respectively. The peak of spawning season was found in September. The first maturity (Lm50) for male and female were 79.17 mm and 91.25 mm, respectively. The fecundity varied from 3,451–32,465 eggs. Egg diameter distribution shows that spawning pattern of A. nalua was batch spawner. Keywords: Ambassis nalua, spawning season, sex ratio, reproduction

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