Triterpenoids from Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels

The genus Phyllanthus (Phyllanthaceae) includes more than 900 plant species found in tropical and subtropical regions. Many of these species are widely used in folk medicine. The leaves, roots, and stem bark of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels have been used in Vietnamese folk medicine as an antibacterial, antiviral, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, antifibrotic. From the ethanol extract of the roots of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels growing in Binh Thuan province, six compounds phyllanthol (1), glochidone (2), lupeol (3), glochidonol (4), 􀀱-lupene (5), and spruceanol (6) were isolated. Their structures were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with NMR data in the literatures. This is the first time that compounds 4-6 were found in Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels.

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Bioactivities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches: antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201620150246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 1471-1484

Author(s):

GLAUCIEMAR DEL-VECHIO-VIEIRA ◽

BRUNA C.S. SANTOS ◽

MARIA SILVANA ALVES ◽

AÍLSON L.A. ARAÚJO ◽

CÉLIA H. YAMAMOTO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Tail Immersion ◽

Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Ageratum fastigiatum branches. Phytochemical screening and total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant activity was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrilhydrazin (DPPH) and iron reducing power methods. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin, hot plate and tail immersion assays; while the carrageenan-induced paw edema and pleurisy tests were performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity against acute inflammation. The extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, terpenes, sterols and saponins. Expressive levels of total phenols and flavonoids and a promising antioxidant effect were quantified. At the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, the extract inhibited the writhing, reduced both phases of paw licking time and increased the reaction time on the hot plate. In the tail immersion test, the extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) caused a significant inhibition of pain. In these doses, the paw edema, exudate volume and leucocyte mobilization were significantly reduced. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an active source of substances with antioxidant, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, adding scientific support to the appropriate use in the Brazilian folk medicine.

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Investigation of Pharmacological Activity of Caralluma penicillata: Anti-Inflammatory Properties and Gastritis Protection against Indomethacin in Adult Guinea Pigs

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/738493 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Nabil Albaser ◽

Najeeb Ghanem ◽

Mohanad Shehab ◽

Adnan Al-Adhal ◽

Mohammed Amood AL-Kamarany

Keyword(s):

Chronic Inflammation ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Histological Study ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Repeated Doses ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Caralluma is a plant that possessing a great therapeutic potential in folk medicine in Yemen, namely, Caralluma penicillata (C. penicillata) as antiulcer. The study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties and gastritis protection activity of C. penicillata against indomethacin in adult guinea pigs. The study was divided into four parts: firstly, the optimum dose of extract as anti-inflammatory effect was determined. Secondly, the acute anti-inflammatory effect of extract were estimated. Thirdly, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation was estimated. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract was compared with indomethacin as a prototype of drug against inflammation. Fourthly, the gastritis protection properties of extract with/without indomethacin were performed. The results showed that a 400 mg/kg of 10% ethanol extract produced the maximum of anti-inflammatory effect. Also, the single dose of extract was equipotent for indomethacin (10 mg/kg), but shorter in duration with regard to acute anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, the repeated doses of extract against chronic inflammation were less potent than indomethacin with regard to ulcerogenic effect. On the other hand, extract-indomethacin combination reduced the gastritis effect of indomethacin based on ulcer index and histological study.

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Hydro ethanol extract of Holarrhena floribunda stem bark exhibits anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects in murine models of acute inflammation

10.21203/rs.3.rs-110342/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Stephen Antwi ◽

Daniel Oduro-Mensah ◽

David Darko Obiri ◽

Newman Osafo ◽

Aaron Opoku Antwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Serotonin Receptor ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Late Phase ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background: Holarrhena floribunda stem bark has anecdotal use in Ghanaian folk medicine for management of inflammatory conditions. This study was conducted to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the bark extract using models of acute inflammation in male Sprague Dawley rats, C57BL/6 mice and 36 ICR mice. Methods: A 70 % hydro-ethanol extract of the stem bark (HFE) was evaluated at doses of 5–500 mg/kg bw. Local anaphylaxis was modelled by the pinnal cutaneous anaphylactic test. Systemic anaphylaxis or sepsis were modeled by compound 48/80 or lipopolysaccharide, respectively. Clonidine-induced catalepsy was used to investigate effect on histamine signaling. Anti-oedematogenic effect was assessed by induction with carrageenan. Effects on mediators of biphasic acute inflammation were studied using histamine and serotonin (early phase) or prostaglandin E2 (late phase).Results: HFE demonstrated anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oedematogenic activity comparable to standard doses of aspirin and diclofenac (inhibitors of cyclooxygenases-1 and -2), chlorpheniramine (histamine H1-receptor antagonist), dexamethasone (glucocorticoid receptor agonist), granisetron (serotonin receptor antagonist) and sodium cromoglycate (inhibitor of mast cell degranulation). All observed HFE bioactivities increased with dose.Conclusions: The data provide evidence that the extract of H. floribunda stem bark has anti-anaphylactic and anti-oedematogenic effects; by interfering with signalling or metabolism of histamine, serotonin and prostaglandin E2 which mediate progression of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activities of HFE may be relevant in the context of management of COVID-19.

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of Hymenodictyon pachyantha K.Krause stem bark

Comparative Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1007/s00580-019-03019-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 1779-1790

Author(s):

Emmanuel Chiagozie Aham ◽

Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu ◽

Fred O. C. Nwodo ◽

Joseph Chinedum Ndefo

Keyword(s):

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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The Ethanolic Stem-Bark Extract of Antrocaryon micraster Inhibits Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy and Pedal Oedema in Murine Models of Inflammation

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2017/6859230 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leslie B. Essel ◽

David D. Obiri ◽

Newman Osafo ◽

Aaron O. Antwi ◽

Babatunde M. Duduyemi

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Murine Models ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory

We investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of a 70% v/v ethanol extract of the stem bark of Antrocaryon micraster on murine models of carrageenan-induced pleurisy and paw oedema. Rat pleural fluid was analysed for volume, protein content, and leucocytes, while lung histology was assessed for damage. Lung tissue homogenates were assayed for glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the stem bark. Acute toxicity studies were conducted in rats. In the pleurisy model the extract (30–300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the volume and amount of proteins and leucocytes in the exudate and also protected against lung injury. Tissue level of GSH and SOD and CAT expression were increased while MDA level and MPO activity were reduced. The peak and total oedema responses were significantly suppressed when given both preemptively and curatively in the mice paw oedema test. Saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and tannins were present in the stem bark. A. micraster extract exhibited no apparent acute toxicity. We conclude that the ethanolic stem-bark extract of A. micraster has antioxidant action and exhibits significant anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of pleurisy and paw oedema induced with carrageenan.

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Chemical constituents of the stem bark of Acacia AuriculiformisA.Cunn ex. Benth. (fabaceae)

Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine ◽

10.4314/njnpm.v23i1.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

pp. 88-91

Author(s):

A.A. Ahmadu ◽

B.A. Lawal ◽

B. Olanipekun ◽

A. Udobre ◽

N. Tsafantakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Acid Ester ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Acacia Auriculiformis ◽

Compound I ◽

Literature Report ◽

First Time

The genus Acacia has been known to be a rich source of many secondary metabolites. This study was carried to isolate chemical constituents present in the stem bark of Acacia auriculiformis. The dichloromethane extract of the stem bark of Acacia auriculiformis was obtained by maceration. The extract obtained was subjected to silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis. This led to the isolation of ferulic acid ester (I), along with a steroid (II) and a triterpenoid (III). The structure of compound I was established using spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR and mass spectrometry) and identified to be dodecyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-trans-cinnamate (I), compounds II and III were found to be á-spinasterol and lupenol respectively, based on the comparison of their spectral data NMR and MS with literature report. Compound I is being reported for the first time in the genus Acacia.

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Investigation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Ethanol Extract of Stem Bark of SonapathaOroxylum indicum In Vivo

International Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2016/8247014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

K. Lalrinzuali ◽

M. Vabeiryureilai ◽

Ganesh Chandra Jagetia

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

The Body ◽

Protective Measure ◽

Analgesic Effects ◽

Oroxylum Indicum ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Analgesic Activities

Inflammation is all a pervasive phenomenon, which is elicited by the body in response to obnoxious stimuli as a protective measure. However, sustained inflammation leads to several diseases including cancer. Therefore it is necessary to neutralize inflammation. Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum), a medicinal plant, is traditionally used as a medicine in Ayurveda and other folk systems of medicine. It is commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and asthma. Despite this fact its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are not evaluated scientifically. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Sonapatha (Oroxylum indicum) were studied in Swiss albino mice by different methods. The hot plate, acetic acid, and tail immersion tests were used to evaluate the analgesic activity whereas xylene-induced ear edema and formalin induced paw edema tests were used to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Sonapatha. The administration of mice with 250 and 300 mg/kg b.wt. ofO. indicumreduced pain and inflammation indicating that Sonapatha possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The maximum analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were observed in mice receiving 300 mg/kg b.wt. ofO. indicumethanol extract.Our study indicates thatO. indicumpossesses both anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities and it may be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent in the inflammation related disorders.

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Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Stem Bark Extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar Rats

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i33b31801 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103-113

Author(s):

Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽

Fazil Ahmad ◽

Mohammed Abdul Aleem

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Drug Group ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Smilax zeylanica Linn (Smilaceae) is a woody climbing shrub native to Asia's tropical and subtropical highlands. Traditionally, this plant has been widely used to cure a variety of ailments. Smilax zeylanica stem bark was extracted with ethanol to test its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To study the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic stem bark extract of Smilax zeylanica Linn. in Wistar rats. Methods: The antinociceptive activity has been assessed in mice by formalin-induced paw licking, Eddy’s hot-plate, and acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching models. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats has been conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activity. Tween 80 (10ml/kg, p.o) was given to the control group, test drug group received ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, and standard drugs morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c), diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, i.p) were injected to the standard drug group. Results: Oral administration of ethanolic extract of Smilax zeylanica (EESZ) at test doses (200 and 400 mg/kg), produced a significant decrease of the paw licking time for 2 phases (neurogenic and inflammatory) in the formalin test, upsurge of the reaction time in Eddy’s hot plate test, and significantly decreased the abdominal stretching in the acetic acid-induced writhes test. Ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica significantly decreased the carrageenan-induced paw oedema. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Smilax zeylanica possesses antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory activity, probably involving central and peripheral pathways

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Chemical constituents of the lichen Roccella sinensis growing in Binh Thuan province

Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences ◽

10.32508/stdjns.v2i5.779 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 63-67

Author(s):

Huy Thuc Duong ◽

Hao Xuan Bui

Keyword(s):

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Human Lung Cancer ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Human Breast ◽

Nmr Data ◽

Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

First Time ◽

Layer Chromatography ◽

Mcf 7

The lichen Roccella sinensis has not been studied chemically. This research described the isolation and elucidation of compounds isolated from the lichen Roccella sinensis collected in Binh Thuan. Phytochemistry investigation of this lichen was carried out by using normal phase silica gel column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. Six compounds was isolated. Their structures were established by extensively spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with NMR data in the literatures. They are (+)-D-montagnetol (1), (+)-D-erythrin (2), lecanorin (3), 1-acetylerythritol (4), (E)-nostodione A (5), and 2,4-dihydroxyphthalide (6). This is the first time compounds 3 6 were found in the Roccella genus. Compounds 1, 2, and 6 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 (liver hepatocellular carcinoma), NCI-H460 (human lung cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer), and HeLa (human epithelial cancer) and all of them showed no activity.

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Triterpenoid and Fatty Acid Contents from the Stem Bark of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.)

Folia Medica ◽

10.2478/folmed-2018-0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 594-600 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pankajkumar B. Nariya ◽

Vinay J. Shukla ◽

R. N. Acharya ◽

Mukeshkumar B. Nariya ◽

Jayesh M. Dhalani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Petroleum Ether Extract ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Medicinal Purpose ◽

First Time

Abstract Aim: To isolate and determine the chemical constituents of the stem bark of Cordia dichotoma (Forst f.), a plant used for medicinal purpose in folk medicine. Materials and methods: Petroleum ether extract of the stem bark was used for this study. Saponification process was performed to separate fatty acid and unsaponifiable matter. Results: One triterpenoids, α-amyrin was isolated from the bark by using isocratic elution. The chemical compounds isolated, for the first time, were analyzed by GC/MS, IR, and UV. The chemical composition of the fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs) in bark of Cordia dichotoma were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After methyl-esterification, 17 components were identified in the bark. The derivatization conditions were investigated in order to validate this method. Conclusion: The present analysis revealed that Cordia dichotoma stem bark contains 17 fatty acid. The principal themes of the review highlight the development and application of chromatographic techniques for the separation, isolation and detection of the compounds.

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