Magnetostrictive Cold Spray Sensor for Long-Term or Harsh Environment Ultrasound

One monitoring Terminal system based on STM32 is introduced in this paper. The system used STM32 as core controller, GPIO and USART as control and communication channel. GPS, GPRS, wired transmission and power section together makes up the system motherboard. The design has been tested and been applied in geology disaster monitoring. Results show that it is adapted to the harsh environment outdoors and long term working conditions.

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Prediction of long term chloride diffusion of concrete in harsh environment

Construction and Building Materials ◽

10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 829-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

A.K. Tamimi ◽

J.A. Abdalla ◽

Z.I. Sakka

Keyword(s):

Chloride Diffusion ◽

Harsh Environment

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High-temperature-resistant silicon-polymer hybrid modulator operating at up to 200 Gbit s−1 for energy-efficient datacentres and harsh-environment applications

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-020-18005-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Guo-Wei Lu ◽

Jianxun Hong ◽

Feng Qiu ◽

Andrew M. Spring ◽

Tsubasa Kashino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Autonomous Driving ◽

Propagation Loss ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Low Dielectric ◽

Polymer Hybrid ◽

Data Rates ◽

Electro Optic

Abstract To reduce the ever-increasing energy consumption in datacenters, one of the effective approaches is to increase the ambient temperature, thus lowering the energy consumed in the cooling systems. However, this entails more stringent requirements for the reliability and durability of the optoelectronic components. Herein, we fabricate and demonstrate silicon-polymer hybrid modulators which support ultra-fast single-lane data rates up to 200 gigabits per second, and meanwhile feature excellent reliability with an exceptional signal fidelity retained at extremely-high ambient temperatures up to 110 °C and even after long-term exposure to high temperatures. This is achieved by taking advantage of the high electro-optic (EO) activities (in-device n3r33 = 1021 pm V−1), low dielectric constant, low propagation loss (α, 0.22 dB mm−1), and ultra-high glass transition temperature (Tg, 172 °C) of the developed side-chain EO polymers. The presented modulator simultaneously fulfils the requirements of bandwidth, EO efficiency, and thermal stability for EO modulators. It could provide ultra-fast and reliable interconnects for energy-hungry and harsh-environment applications such as datacentres, 5G/B5G, autonomous driving, and aviation systems, effectively addressing the energy consumption issue for the next-generation optical communication.

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A Stable and Indurative Superhydrophobic Film with Excellent Anti-Bioadhesive Performance for 6061 Al Protection

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13235564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 5564

Author(s):

Jie Liu ◽

Xinwen Zhang ◽

Ruoyun Wang ◽

Fei Long ◽

Lei Liu

Keyword(s):

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Strong Support ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Superhydrophobic Surfaces ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Promising Candidate ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Porous Framework ◽

The Common

Superhydrophobic surfaces have attracted intensive attention in the antifouling field because of their excellent anti-bioadhesive performance and environmental friendliness. However, promising surfaces have met great challenges of poor mechanical robustness under harsh serving conditions. Herein, an organic-inorganic composite strategy, that the silane-modified TiO2 nanoparticles are compounded into the porous framework provided by the stable and indurative aluminum oxide film, is proposed to address the common serious problem in superhydrophobic surfaces. Different from the traditional superhydrophobic surfaces, this composite film possesses a ~18 μm thick layer which can provide strong support to silane-modified TiO2 nanoparticles. The resulting film can reserve superhydrophobicity to the surface even after a thickness loss of ~15 μm under continuous abrasion. At the same time, the results of the bacterial adhesive tests also verify that the film has the same long-term anti-bioadhesive performance. The film with superhydrophobicity, excellent anti-bioadhesive property, and stable robustness will make it a promising candidate for serving in a harsh environment, and the design concept of this film could be applied to various substrates.

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Drop-In Tests of R-404A Alternative Refrigerants R-455A and R-454C in a Small Ice Maker

International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration ◽

10.1142/s2010132519500172 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (02) ◽

pp. 1950017

Author(s):

Byungmoo Lee ◽

Nae-Hyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Formation Time ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Vapor Density ◽

Alternative Refrigerants ◽

Fin Tube ◽

Ice Production ◽

Tube Condenser

R-404A, which had long been used as the refrigerant of a unitary ice maker, has to be replaced due to global warming. In the present study, drop-in tests were conducted for long-term alternative refrigerants R-455A and R-454C on the ice maker of 100[Formula: see text]kg/day capacity. Five samples were made having different combinations of refrigerant, condenser and compressor. Tests were conducted changing the outdoor and the supply water temperature. At the standard outdoor condition (21∘C, 65 RH and 10∘C water temperature), change of refrigerant from R-404A to R-455A for the same ice maker extended the ice ball formation time by 13% and reduced the amount of ice production per day by 6%. Larger vapor density and smaller temperature glide of R-404A may have resulted in a better performance. Furthermore, adoption of a larger (from 1/3 HP to 3/8 HP) compressor reduced the ice ball formation time by 12% and increased the amount of ice production per day by 8%. In addition, change of the fin-tube condenser to the microchannel condenser reduced the ice ball formation time by 9% and increased the amount of ice production per day by 4%. The refrigerant charge was also significantly reduced from 440[Formula: see text]g to 316[Formula: see text]g. Thermal performance of R-454C was poorer than that of R-455A. Replacement to R-454C increased the ice ball formation time by 14% and decreased the amount of ice production per day by 8%. The reason may be attributed to a larger pressure lift, which leads to smaller refrigerant mass flow rate. Ice production was possible even at the harsh environment (35∘C, 65 RH and 21∘C water temperature), although the production amount decreased.

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Powder and High-Solid Coatings as Anticorrosive Solutions for Marine and Offshore Applications? A Review

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings10100916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 916 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krystel Pélissier ◽

Dominique Thierry

Keyword(s):

Failure Mechanisms ◽

Organic Coatings ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Powder Coatings ◽

Coating Technology ◽

High Solid ◽

Anticorrosive Coatings ◽

Constant Change ◽

Long Term Behavior

The constant change in coating technology and environmental regulations has led to the development of low-solvent to solvent-free organic coatings, such as powder and high-solid coatings. These two technologies are well developed, but are still not the preferred choice when considering anticorrosive coating for marine and offshore applications. This mostly arise from a lack of perspective in their long-term behavior and from the difficulty in their applications. This review’s principal aim is to describe powder and high-solid technologies from their formulation and application to their use in marine and offshore applications while recalling and giving key notions needed when the field of anticorrosive coatings is considered. First, the requirement for coatings to be called anticorrosive will be given alongside with their protection and failure mechanisms. The formulation and application for high-solid and powder coatings will be exposed followed by the description of the type of coating chemistry used in harsh environment. Finally, high-solid and powder coatings behavior in these types of environment will be discussed.

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Thin Films Stress Aging Study using Micromachined Cantilevers

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-854-u8.12 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 854 ◽

Author(s):

Christophe Malhaire ◽

Alexandru Andrei ◽

Sebastiano Brida ◽

Daniel Barbier

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Silicon Oxide ◽

Harsh Environment ◽

Determination Method ◽

Stress Determination ◽

3D Finite Element ◽

Aging Study ◽

C 30

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the present work was to study the long term stress stability of thin films used in harsh environment sensors. A stress determination method, based on cantilevers curvatures measurements, checked by means of 3D finite element simulations, has been proposed. Stress measurements for dielectric (silicon oxide and nitride) and metallic (AlTi and TiW) thin films have been periodically performed at room temperature, after standard annealing (450°C / 30 min in a N2+H2 atmosphere) and after 4 weeks thermal aging at 150°C or 200°C.

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