scholarly journals ROLE OF SACRUM IN SEX DETERMINATION IN WEST BENGAL POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujwala Bhanarkar ◽  
Baishakhi Koley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Curvature Index ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

Background: Sex classification of a bone is possible with a degree of certainty only if it can be compared to a series of bones of known sexual dimorphism. Different parameters and indices are available based on which the sex can be determined using sacrum. Thus, it always attracted the attention of the medico-legal experts for establishing the sex, because of its contribution to pelvic girdle and associated functional sex differences. Objective: Study the sexual dimorphism and regional differences of the varied features of the sacrum in West Bengal population and compare the significant anthropometric indices with similar observations across India. Material and method: The study comprised of 50 adult sacra (35 male and 15 female), obtained from the department of anatomy and department of forensic medicine of ICARE Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and Haldia Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Haldia, West Bengal. Different parameters viz. mid ventral straight length, mid ventral curved length, ventral straight breadth, transverse diameter of base, transverse diameter of body of S1, antero-posterior diameter of body of S1, breadth of alae were measured and indices viz. sacral index, longitudinal curvature index and corporobasal index were calculated and statistically analyzed. Result: Sacral index was found to be the most useful criterion for identification of sex followed by breadth of alae, corporobasal index and the ventral straight breadth. Conclusion: In the present study, out of the eleven parameters of the sacrum, seven parameters yielded statistical significance between the two sexes. Therefore, it can be concluded that sex determination of the sacrum with 100% accuracy may possible only when maximum number of parameters are taken into consideration. Keywords: Sacrum, sexual dimorphism, sacral parameters, sacral index

scholarly journals Gender Determination by Linear Dimension of Permanent Canine: An Odontometric Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
B Sharma ◽  
N Balaji ◽  
MK Sumathi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Linear Dimension ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Racial Background ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Natural Change ◽  
The Individual

Background and objectives: Identification, an aspect of forensic anthropology, is the recognition of an individual based on the physical characteristics unique to the individual. Among the four main attributes i.e. gender, age, stature and ethnic or racial background of an individual’s biological identity, sex determination is usually the first step in the human identification process. Teeth can be used as a means of sex determination as teeth are resistant to post-mortem degradation and survive deliberate, accidental or natural change. This study was carried out with an objective to determine the sexual dimorphism of maxillary and mandibular canine by linear tooth diameter for permanent dentition in Moradabad population. Material and Methods: A total number of 40 subjects (20 Males and 20 Females) were included in this study. After obtaining an informed written consent, alginate impression was taken with help of perforated impression trays and study models were prepared with type IV dental stone. Linear (MD, BL, Crown Height) were taken with digital vernier caliper. Results: It was observed that males’ shows more mean linear crown diameter as compared to females. Also, the mesiodistal and buccolingual measurement shows statistically significant difference for all canines, being higher for males than females. Conclusion: The present study has expressed sexual dimorphism of permanent canine using Student’s test and indicate that linear dimension of maxillary canine can be used for sexual diamorphism with accuracy along with other accepted procedure for sex determination. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1.11392   Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 23-27

Effect-Size Measures and Meta-Analytic Thinking in Counseling Psychology Research

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin K. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Analytic Thinking ◽  
Statistical Significance Testing ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Result Interpretation

Effect sizes are critical to result interpretation and synthesis across studies. Although statistical significance testing has historically dominated the determination of result importance, modern views emphasize the role of effect sizes and confidence intervals. This article accessibly discusses how to calculate and interpret the effect sizes that counseling psychologists use most frequently. To provide context, the author presents a brief history of statistical significance tests. Second, the author discusses the difference between statistical, practical, and clinical significance. Third, the author reviews and graphically demonstrates two common types of effect sizes, commenting on multivariate and corrected effect sizes. Fourth, the author emphasizes meta-analytic thinking and the potential role of confidence intervals around effect sizes. Finally, the author gives a hypothetical example of how to report and potentially interpret some effect sizes.

scholarly journals First serological record of Coxiella burnetii infection in the equine population of Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Drážovská ◽  
Marián Prokeš ◽  
Boris Vojtek ◽  
Jana Mojžišová ◽  
Anna Ondrejková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogen ◽  
Specific Antibodies

AbstractCoxiella burnetii is a worldwide zoonotic pathogen causing Q fever in various animal species and humans. In Slovakia, cases of C. burnetii infection in both animals and humans are confirmed every year. The role of horses in the epidemiology of this neglected disease is still unclear. In our study, we focused on a serosurvey of C. burnetii in the equine population in Slovakia by the ELISA method. Subsequently, a nested PCR was performed to detect the 16S rRNA fragment of the genus Coxiella. Among 184 horse sera, the presence of specific antibodies to C. burnetii was detected in four samples, representing a 2.17% seropositivity. All the positive horses were mares; two originated from Central Slovakia and two from Eastern Slovakia. Although the number of positive samples was too small for a determination of statistical significance, our results provide the first confirmation of antibodies to C. burnetii in horses from Slovakia. Although no positive PCR result was obtained, these serological findings may help to clarify the circulation of the pathogen in the environment.

scholarly journals In Silico Prediction of Transcription Factor Collaborations Underlying Phenotypic Sexual Dimorphism in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Shahrbanou Hosseini ◽  
Armin Otto Schmitt ◽  
Jens Tetens ◽  
Bertram Brenig ◽  
Henner Simianer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Dimorphic Gene Expression

The transcriptional regulation of gene expression in higher organisms is essential for different cellular and biological processes. These processes are controlled by transcription factors and their combinatorial interplay, which are crucial for complex genetic programs and transcriptional machinery. The regulation of sex-biased gene expression plays a major role in phenotypic sexual dimorphism in many species, causing dimorphic gene expression patterns between two different sexes. The role of transcription factor (TF) in gene regulatory mechanisms so far has not been studied for sex determination and sex-associated colour patterning in zebrafish with respect to phenotypic sexual dimorphism. To address this open biological issue, we applied bioinformatics approaches for identifying the predicted TF pairs based on their binding sites for sex and colour genes in zebrafish. In this study, we identified 25 (e.g., STAT6-GATA4; JUN-GATA4; SOX9-JUN) and 14 (e.g., IRF-STAT6; SOX9-JUN; STAT6-GATA4) potentially cooperating TFs based on their binding patterns in promoter regions for sex determination and colour pattern genes in zebrafish, respectively. The comparison between identified TFs for sex and colour genes revealed several predicted TF pairs (e.g., STAT6-GATA4; JUN-SOX9) are common for both phenotypes, which may play a pivotal role in phenotypic sexual dimorphism in zebrafish.

scholarly journals Mandibular Canine Index: A Reliable Sex Determinant –Original Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita Rathi ◽  
shweta bhat ◽  
Rajiv Desai
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Original Research ◽  
City Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mumbai City

Introduction: Forensic odontology is a unique discipline dealing with evidence related to dental and oral structures. Mandibular canines are considered to be an important aid for sex determination. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of mandibular canine index in sex determination of Mumbai city population. Materials and Methodology: This was a retrospective study done on the study models of 50 patients aged between 17 to 25 years old and equally distributed among both the sexes, whose treatment has been taken place in The Department of Orthodontics, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai. Mesio-distal width of mandibular canines were measured using a digital Vernier calliper and mandibular canine index was calculated using standardized equation. Independent sample t-test was used and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) observed between right and left mandibular canine width and a significant difference between the right and left mandibular canine index between males and females. Conclusion: The present study verifies the fact that mandibular canine index can be used for sex determination in the population of Mumbai city and can form basis for forensic investigations. Key-words: Canine index, Sex determination, Forensic odontology

scholarly journals Determination of sex of sacrum in adult Macaca mulatta1

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Mei Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fan Han ◽  
Xiao-Jin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Two Indices

[Abstract]BackgroundSacrum being a part of pelvis is an important bone for identification of sex in both living primates and fossil ones.AimAim of this work was to examine the sex differences of sacral parameters in rhesus macaques and to compare with those of the other primates.Materials and MethodsFifty-six adult scara of macaques (17 males and 39 females) have been investigated. Measurement of various parameters was done using sliding vernier calliper; and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23.0 package.ResultsThe present study showed that the cranial breadth of the sacrum, the sacral length, transverse diameter and sagittal diameter of the cranial articular surface, and two indices of relative sacral breadth were highly significant for sex determination in Macaca mulatta. Comparison of the present data with other studies suggest that sex determination of sacrum can be very different in various types of primates.ConclusionThe results suggest that these measures may be functionally integrated in response to locomotion, obstetric adequacy and cephalopelvic proportions in primates. Sacral index is more reliable and should be applied for sex determination of sacrum in various anatomical and anthropological investigations.

Galectin-1 and -3 contents in primary and reccurent nasal and paranasal sinus polyps

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jarosław Markowski ◽  
Krzysztof Siemianowicz ◽  
Wirginia Likus
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Benign Lesions ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Clinical Surveillance

Introduction: Nasal and paranasal sinus polyps are one of the most common laryngological problems. Often, despite surgical treatment of nasal and paranasal sinus polyps, they grow back and require surgical retreatment. It is very difficult to predict which patients are particularly exposed to it. Markers are still being sought to predict which patients are particularly exposed to regrowth of polyps and thus require increased clinical surveillance. Galectins are a group of glycoproteins that have been intensively studied recently. The sugar part of these proteins can play a role in transmitting intercellular signals. Laryngologists are especially interested in galectins-1 and-3. The determination of their increased content in cancer tissue is considered as a marker of malignancy, which worsens prognosis in patients. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the role of galectins in benign lesions, and such are the nasal and paranasal sinus polyps. Materials and methods: In our work, the contents of galectin-1 and-3 were determined in the tissue of the surgically removed primary (n = 35) and recurrent polyps (n = 15). Results: The content of galectin-1 and-3 showed no statistically significant differences between primary and recurrent polyps. Conclusions: The content of galectin-3 was lower in recurrent polyps, however the observed difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.07). Since the obtained "p" value is close to the significance limit, it is advisable to broaden the submitted studies to a larger group of patients in order to be able to fully assess whether the determination of the content of galectin-3 may be helpful in assessing the risk of recurrence of nasal and paranasal sinus polyps.

Role of P-450 aromatase in sex determination of the diamondback terrapin,Malaclemys terrapin

1994 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pancharatnam Jeyasuria ◽  
Willem M. Roosenburg ◽  
Allen R. Place
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Diamondback Terrapin ◽  
Malaclemys Terrapin

scholarly journals Greater palatine foramen- morphometry, sexual dimorphism and clinical perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Manjula Patil ◽  
Santosh Sheelavant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Maxillary Nerve ◽  
Greater Palatine Foramen ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Maxillary Nerve Block ◽  
Oval Shape

Abstract Background and aims: Maxillary nerve block via greater palatine foramen (GPF) is most commonly followed procedure for many dental, oral and maxillofacial surgeries. Many standard textbooks mention location of GPF in a general way. Location of GPF with respect to fixed bony landmarks has been studied by many authors in different population groups. The results of those studies showed lot of variability in location of GPF. The data regarding possible existence of sexual dimorphism are sparse. The present study was aimed at contributing further data regarding morphometry of the GPF. Ao attempt has also been made to look for sexual dimorphism. Material and Methods: One hundred and twenty three adult dry skulls of known sex (male- 55 & female - 68) were studied for GPF with regards to- morphometry, shape, relation to molars, fixed bony landmarks- Median maxillary suture(MMS), Incisive fossa(IF), Posterior border of hard palate(PBHP), Aogle between line joiniog GPF with IF & MMS, direction of opening of GPF into oral cavity. Results: Aotero-posterior diameter on left side (p-0.006), transverse diameter on both sides (p-0.000 on left & right side) distance between GPF to IF on both sides (p- 0.013 right side, p-0.02 left side, GPF-PBHP distance on both sides (p-0.001 left side, p-0.002 on right side) showed statistical significance when compared male with female skulls. In both male and female skulls, Oval shape predominated followed by round and slit variety of GPF. Both on right and left side GPF found to be predominantly related to anterior half of 3rd molar. Direction of opening of GPF into oral cavity was predominantly antero-medial on both sides in male and female skulls. Conclusion: Our study provides a valuable addition to the available literature on location of GPF and also gives an insight to the possible existence of sexual dimorphism.

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