scholarly journals IMAGING OF INTRACRANIAL SPACE OCCUPYING LESIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumari ◽  
Raghav Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Common Location ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
Anatomical Detail ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Clinical Departments

Introduction: With advanced MRI techniques such as perfusion, diffusion, and spectroscopy, it is now possible to differentiate between various intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on 50 patients referred by various clinical departments with clinical suspicion of intracranial space occupying lesions, evaluated by computed tomography & magnetic resonance imaging. Result: Solitary lesions were present in 35 patients (70%) & multiple lesions in 15 patients (30%). 68.00% lesions were Supratentorial & 32.00% infratentorial in location. Most common supratentorial location in adults was frontal lobe 40% followed by parietal lobe 30%. Most common supratentorial locations in children were frontal lobe. Infratentorially, cerebellum & posterior fossa were found to be most common location in adults & children respectively. Supratentorial lesions were most common both in adults & children. 60% lesions were intraaxial & 40 % extra axial in location. In adults, intraaxial lesions were more common than in children. Conclusion: Intracranial space occupying lesions comprise of a diverse group of lesions. With the introduction of CT & MRI scanning, imaging of lesions has acquired a new dimension whereby excellent anatomical detail in axial, sagittal & coronal planes as well as lesion characterization has become possible. Key words: Brain, CT, MRIs

Nonketotic Hyperglycemic Chorea in a 10-Year-Old Asian Boy with Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Marian ◽  
Firdous Rizvi ◽  
Lily Q. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Developmental Venous Anomaly ◽  
Venous Anomaly ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Focal Lesions

AbstractNonketotic hyperglycemic chorea-ballism (NKHCB), also known as diabetic striato-pathy (DS) by some, is a rare complication of diabetes mellitus and uncommon in children. We report a case of a 10 11/12-year-old boy of Asian descent with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and multiple food allergies presenting with bilateral chorea-ballism. His brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed developmental venous anomaly in right parietal lobe and right cerebellum, no focal lesions or abnormal enhancements. Choreiform movements resolved with correction of hyperglycemia. Children and adolescents with a movement disorder should be evaluated for diabetes mellitus, especially with increasing prevalence and insidious nature of T2DM associated with obesity.

An explainable Artificial Intelligence approach to study MCI to AD conversion via HD-EEG processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942110636
Author(s):  
Francesco Carlo Morabito ◽  
Cosimo Ieracitano ◽  
Nadia Mammone
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Explainable Artificial Intelligence

An explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) approach is proposed to longitudinally monitor subjects affected by Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) by using high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG). To this end, a group of MCI patients was enrolled at IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo of Messina (Italy) within a follow-up protocol that included two evaluations steps: T0 (first evaluation) and T1 (three months later). At T1, four MCI patients resulted converted to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and were included in the analysis as the goal of this work was to use xAI to detect individual changes in EEGs possibly related to the degeneration from MCI to AD. The proposed methodology consists in mapping segments of HD-EEG into channel-frequency maps by means of the power spectral density. Such maps are used as input to a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), trained to label the maps as “T0” (MCI state) or “T1” (AD state). Experimental results reported high intra-subject classification performance (accuracy rate up to 98.97% (95% confidence interval: 98.68–99.26)). Subsequently, the explainability of the proposed CNN is explored via a Grad-CAM approach. The procedure allowed to detect which EEG-channels (i.e., head region) and range of frequencies (i.e., sub-bands) resulted more active in the progression to AD. The xAI analysis showed that the main information is included in the delta sub-band and that, limited to the analyzed dataset, the highest relevant areas are: the left-temporal and central-frontal lobe for Sb01, the parietal lobe for Sb02, the left-frontal lobe for Sb03 and the left-frontotemporal region for Sb04.

Ventral Frontal Cortex Morphology in Adult Males with Isolated Orofacial Clefts: Relationship to Abnormalities in Social Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peg Nopoulos ◽  
Ian Choe ◽  
Stephanie Berg ◽  
Duane Van Demark ◽  
John Canady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Structural Abnormality ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Objective In a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate (NSCLP) were found to have abnormalities in the structure of the frontal lobe of the brain. Moreover, many subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate have been described as being socially inhibited. A subregion of the frontal lobe, the ventral frontal cortex (VFC), has been shown to be related to social function. This study was designed to evaluate the morphology of the ventral frontal cortex in men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate, and the morphology's relationship to social function. Methods Subjects were 46 men with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate and 46 sex matched controls. Social function was assessed using a standardized scale. The morphology of the ventral frontal cortex (composed of the orbitofrontal cortex [OFC] and the straight gyrus [SG]) was obtained from magnetic resonance imaging scans using the software BRAINS. Results After controlling for frontal lobe gray matter, the patient group had significant reductions in orbitofrontal cortex volume and area. The straight gyrus was not morphologically abnormal. Measures of orbitofrontal cortex morphology were significantly correlated to measures of social function—the greater the structural abnormality, the greater the social dysfunction. Conclusion Compared with healthy controls, subjects with nonsyndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate showed morphologic abnormalities in the cortical surface anatomy of a brain region known to govern social function, the orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, the structural abnormality in this brain region was directly correlated with social function.

scholarly journals Journal Club: Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Intracranial Lesions

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 562-564
Author(s):  
Pratik Rohatgi ◽  
Brian Anderson ◽  
Einar Bogason ◽  
Nicholas Brandmeir ◽  
Ephraim Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Journal Club ◽  
Thermal Therapy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy ◽  
Intracranial Lesions

scholarly journals Relation of FTO to BOLD response to receipt and anticipated receipt of food and monetary reward, food images, and weight gain in healthy weight adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1135-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Stice ◽  
Sonja Yokum ◽  
Pascale Voelker
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Monetary Reward ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Palatable Food ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Food Images

Abstract Although the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) correlates with elevated body mass, it is unclear how it contributes to overeating. We tested if individuals with the A allele show greater reward region responsivity to receipt and anticipated receipt of food and money and palatable food images. We also tested if these individuals show greater future weight gain. Initially healthy weight adolescents (Study 1, N = 162; Study 2, N = 135) completed different functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigms and had their body mass measured annually over 3 years. Adolescents with the AA or AT genotypes showed less precuneus and superior parietal lobe response and greater cuneus and prefrontal cortex response to milkshake receipt and less putamen response to anticipated milkshake receipt than those with the TT genotype in separate analyses of each sample. Groups did not differ in response to palatable food images, and receipt and anticipated receipt of money, or in weight gain over 3-year follow-up. Results suggest that initially healthy weight adolescents with vs without the FTO A allele show differential responsivity to receipt and anticipated receipt of food but do not differ in neural response to palatable food images and monetary reward and do not show greater future weight gain.

scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Unilateral Papilledema

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
Daniel Quesada ◽  
Matthew Stapleton ◽  
Jadipak Heer ◽  
Phillip Aguìñiga-Navarrete ◽  
Luke Kim
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Physical Exam ◽  
Fluid Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Neuroretinitis from neurosyphilis is an uncommon finding in previously healthy young individuals. A 37-year-old presented with three days of painless, unilateral vision loss with an associated diffuse erythematous non-pruritic truncal rash. Physical exam demonstrated vision loss in the left eye. Fundoscopic exam showed unilateral peripapillary hemorrhage, papilledema and venous engorgement. Labs showed positive syphilis antibody qualitative. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated 12 millimeters of high right frontal lobe cerebrospinal fluid density. The patient was treated with benzylpenicillin and within 18 hours had improvement of his vision.

Diagnostic Methods in Osteomyelitis

1988 ◽  
Vol 97 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 25-25
Author(s):  
Carl W. Norden
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Bone Scans ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Microbiologic Diagnosis

The mainstays of diagnosis of acute and chronic osteomyelitis remain clinical suspicion and radiographic examination, respectively. For both diseases, accurate microbiologic diagnosis is critical and can usually be obtained by aspiration of bone or pus. Imaging studies such as bone scans, CT scans, and magnetic resonance imaging have not been systematically evaluated for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value in the diagnosis of this disease. Thus, they generally remain expensive and unproven adjuncts in the workup of patients with osteomyelitis. Both the incidence and the outcome of osteomyelitis have been dramatically altered by antibiotics. The disease, however, still continues to pose difficulties in diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to review and update approaches to the problem.

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