scholarly journals Cognitive flexibility of smokers in the context of social anxiety

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Study Population

Background: The cognitiveCognitive dysfunction may be an important factor in smoking and nicotine abuse. However, there are very few studies that have examined the effects of psychiatric conditions on the cognitive flexibility of smokers. Objectives: This research was conducted with the aim of examination theto examine cognitive flexibility (perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives) ofamong smokers in the context of with social anxiety. MaterialMaterials and methods: The research was a study withpresent causal-comparative design. The populationstudy was allconducted on 60 smoker students ofstudying at Arak University, Arak, Iran, in 2018-2019 years. For selecting the research sample the. The study population was selected using the purposive sampling was usedtechnique. At first, the participants completed the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI).. Then, based on the cutoff point scores of SPIN (19 to above),≤), the participants were divided into two smoker groups (n=30 in each group) were selected: smoker groupsof smokers with and without social anxiety. (n=30 in each group). Finally, these groups were compared in perceive the terms of perceived controllability and cognitive alternatives by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA).using the multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The results indicated a significant difference in the linerlinear composition of the dependent variables ofin the two groups (wilks,Wilks’ lambda= 0/.799, F50,2= 6/.726, p= P=0/.004). UnivariateThe results of the univariate analysis of variance indicated that the smoker group with social anxiety had lower perceive theperceived controllability and cognitive alternatives, compared to the smoker group without social anxiety. Conclusion: In generalAs the findings indicated, the level of cognitive flexibility in the smokers with and without social anxiety iswas different. Therefore, it is necessary to consideringconsider the evaluation and treatment of cognitive deficits in smokers based on their level of social anxiety.

Comparison of Four MANOVA Test Statistic for Pig Production in Delta State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
J. M. Aniesedo ◽  
C. N. Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Multivariate Normality ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study used the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) test statistic to examine the impact of three categories feed used in the production of pig in Delta State. The multivariate test statistic considered are the Pillai – Bartlett trace, Wilks’ Test Statistic, Roy’s Largest Root Test Statistic, and the Lawley- Hotelling (LH) Statistic. The objectives include to: evaluate the robustness of the four Multivariate Analysis of Variance test statistics to ensure that the best is employed in multivariate analysis to guarantee most useful result in pig production; determine the relatively efficient test statistic for pig production; and determine the test statistic that is consistent across the sample sizes. Secondary source of data collection was used to obtain the data required for the analysis. The outcome of the study showed that the obtained data was multivariate normally distributed based on the result of the asymmetry-based multivariate normality test and the multivariate normality test based on the kurtosis test which makes the data suitable parametric multivariate method such as multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results show that the Wilks and Roy tests found a significant difference for the intercept. While the Pillai and LH tests could not find any significance. The Roy test was also found to be significant for feed one, feed two, and feed three. The Wilks and Roy tests also turned out to be significant differences for the intercept. All test measures showed significance for feed one. The Wilks and Roy tests also showed a significant difference for feed two, while all test measures found a significance for feed one. Another result showed that none of the tests found significance for the interaction between feed one and two, while the Roy test found significance for the interaction between feed one and three, feed two and three and feed one, two and three. The performance of the test for evaluating the performance of feeds for pig production with/without considering interactions was found to be in the following order of magnitude: Roy, Wilks and Pilla = LH. This result implies that the Roy method, with or without consideration of the interaction, has a better performance of the test than the other methods considered in the study.

Relationship between the Desire for Anonymity and Responses to a Questionnaire on Satisfaction with University

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University

The responses of 363 students who supplied their names on a survey of attitude toward the university were compared to those of 61 respondents who chose to remain anonymous. Multivariate analysis of variance yielded no significant difference between the responses of the two groups.

Repeated-Measures Designs: Univariate or Multivariate Analysis of Variance?

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-194
Author(s):  
Peter Hassmén
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Alpha Level ◽  
Repeated Measures Designs

Violation of the sphericity assumption in repeated-measures analysis of variance can lead to positively biased tests, i.e., the likelihood of a Type I error exceeds the alpha level set by the user. Two widely applicable solutions exist, the use of an epsilon-corrected univariate analysis of variance or the use of a multivariate analysis of variance. It is argued that the latter method offers advantages over the former.

Benthic assemblages in Utah headwater streams with and without trout

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 896-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret C. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Benthic Assemblages ◽  
High Gradient ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Northern Utah

In a series of high-gradient streams along the Wasatch Front in northern Utah, perlid stoneflies were more abundant in benthic samples from 14 fishless streams than in 9 similar streams which contained trout. Smaller-bodied perlodid stoneflies were more abundant in samples from streams containing trout. Herbivorous insect abundances varied substantially within groups of streams containing and lacking trout; multivariate analysis of variance using the six most abundant herbivorous taxa indicated no significant difference between the two groups of streams. Similarly, total numbers of invertebrates did not differ between streams with and without fish. Sites above and below the upstream limit of trout in three streams showed patterns in invertebrate abundances similar to that seen at the whole-stream scale. Trout may have no effect on the overall density of stream benthos because of their negative direct effects on invertebrate predators.

scholarly journals Repeated measures in randomized block and split-plot experiments

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Gumpertz ◽  
C. Brownie
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures Data ◽  
Split Plot

Randomized block and split-plot designs are among the most commonly used experimental designs in forest research. Measurements for plots in a block (or subplots in a whole plot) are correlated with each other, and these correlations must be taken into account when analyzing repeated-measures data from blocked designs. The analysis is similar to repeated-measures analysis for a completely randomized design, but test statistics must allow for random block × time effects, and standard errors for treatment means must also incorporate block to block variation and variation among plots within a block. Two types of statistical analysis are often recommended for repeated-measures data: analysis of contrasts of the repeated factor and multivariate analysis of variance. A complete analysis of repeated measures should usually contain both of these components, just as in univariate analysis of variance it is often necessary to decompose the main effects into single degree of freedom contrasts to answer the research objectives. We demonstrate the multivariate analysis of variance and the analysis of contrasts in detail for two experiments. In addition, estimation of coefficients assuming a polynomial growth curve is discussed in detail for one of these experiments. The first experiment, a randomized complete block design, is a forest nutrition study of the long-term effects of midrotation nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.); the second experiment, a split-plot design, is an air-pollution study of the effects of ozone and acid precipitation on loblolly pine growth.

Bayesian Full Rank MANOVA/MANCOVA: An Intermediate Exposition with Interactive Computer Examples

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Woodworth
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Full Rank ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance

Computation and interpretation of Bayesian full-rank multivariate analysis of variance and covariance is described and illustrated in an exposition intended for readers familiar with univariate analysis of variance and multiple regression.

Morphometric analysis of some populations of lymnocardiid species (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Razelm Lake Complex (Romania)

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Popa ◽  
Elena Iorgu ◽  
Beatrice Kelemen ◽  
Dumitru Murariu ◽  
Luis Popa
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Geographical Variability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Morphological Variables

Morphometric analysis of some populations of lymnocardiid species (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from Razelm Lake Complex (Romania) In this paper we report the morphometric analysis of some populations of Lymnocardiid species from the lakes Razelm and Goloviţa. We used three measurements ratios to perform a discriminant analysis and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), in order to compare the species Hypanis colorata vs. Hypanis angusticostata in the two lakes, H. colorata in Razelm vs. Goloviţa, and H. angusticostata in Razelm vs. Goloviţa. From this analysis we concluded that the multivariate means of the morphological variables used in this study were highly significantly different (p=3.2e-05) between the two species. Concerning the geographical variability, in both species, the analysis showed no significant difference between the populations in the two investigated lakes. We also determined from a fitting curve analysis, that the growth pattern of both species shows length-height isometry and width-length and width-height negative allometry.

Freudian Symbols on Sexual and Creative Aspects of Stories

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1072
Author(s):  
Constance J. Larson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Pairwise Comparisons ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance

Sexual content and creativity of stories and story titles was investigated. 96 college students responded to visual presentation of instances of theoretical Freudian symbols. Analyses subjected responses to a 2 (sex) × 2 (symbol) × 2 (mode) × 6 (subscales) analysis of variance with repeated measures on subscales and to multivariate analysis of variance procedures with four dependent measures. These showed men wrote masculine stories and women wrote feminine stories. Certain subscales were more sensitive to sexual content than others. Pairwise comparisons between the subscales among instances of symbols emerged as significant. In addition, subjects exposed to Male symbols wrote stories containing greater latent sexual content than subjects exposed to Female symbols. Creativity of story tides was evident only on a univariate analysis of variance.

Effects of Supervisors' Age, Sex, Number of Subordinates, and Tenure on Disciplinary Intentions

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Edward Ward
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Significant Difference

A literature review indicated little research on punishment in work settings despite the prevalence of punishment as a control technique. In the current study, 45 female supervisors and 36 male supervisors rated a list of 40 job-related behaviors as to the intensity of discipline they would administer to a subordinate who did any of the job-related behaviors. A multivariate analysis of variance of the ratings indicated no significant difference associated with sex of the rater as to the intensity of the discipline they would administer. Nonsignificant correlations were noted on disciplinary intentions with increasing age, tenure, and number of subordinates. These findings, along with other studies of sex differences in the work force, indicate such study of sex differences may need to be limited to a narrow field in which sex differences have been reported, such as perceived stress.

scholarly journals Comparing Family Drawing Test Indices and Behavioral Problems between Iranian and Afghan Emigrant Children, Isfahan Province, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Davari ◽  
Sayed Abbas Haghayegh
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Behavioral Problem ◽  
Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iranian Students

Background: Immigration can be accompanied by many psychological outcomes for emigrant families. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare family drawing test indices and behavioral problems among Iranian and Afghan emigrant children. Methods: The research design was a comparative and cross-sectional study. We included 550 Iranian and Afghan students aged 7 - 11 years in Isfahan Province from April to June 2017. Achenbach Behavioral Problem questionnaire (2001) was sent to their mothers for filling, and Drawing Family Test was conducted. After reducing the number of dropout students, the final sample reached 282 students (including 174 Iranian students and 108 Afghan immigrants)., SPSS-23 software and chi-square tests as well as multivariate analysis of variance were used for analyzing data. Results: The results of the chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in some of the drawing indices, including size, rhythm, location of drawing, valuation, removal of person, and distances between two groups of Iranian students and Afghan migrants (P < 0.05). Also, the results of multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there was a significant difference among mean scores of behavioral problems and dimensions of somatization, thinking problems and anti-social problems in the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in other variables. Conclusions: According to the results, the children of the Afghan refugee group have more both behavioral problems and drawing indices than the Iranian group.

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