scholarly journals Environmental Effect of HV Towers at the Cerebellum and Cognitive Impairments in the Monkey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Hamed Aliyari ◽  
◽  
Hedayat Sahraei ◽  
Mohammad Bagher Menhaj ◽  
Masoomeh Kazemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Cerebral Mri ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Cerebellar Anatomy ◽  
Male Rhesus

Today, living or working of people in the vicinity and even under the high-voltage lines is a pernicious environmental hazard to humans. The male rhesus monkey is used to investigate the effects of fields produced by high-voltage towers. In this study, the function and level of effect in rhesus monkeys' brain have been investigated in cerebellum's cognitive, biological and structural perspective. Two monkeys have been used, one as a control and the second under test. The monkey under test was subjected to a simulated HV electrical field of 3 kV/m for 4 hours a day for a one month. Behavioral tests were performed using a device designed and built for this purpose. Concentration analysis of adrenocorticotropic hormones (ACTH) and inspection of glucocorticoid receptor gene's (GR) expression were performed by the RT-PCR method. Changes in cerebellar anatomy with MRI images were examined. All tests were performed before and after the test period and were compared with the control monkey. Cognitive tests showed a significant reduction for the monkey that was exposed to a high-voltage electrical field in the first week after field imposition compared with the same time before. Also, the expression of the GR gene was decreased and the concentration of ACTH hormone in plasma was increased. Surveying the level of cerebral MRI images did not show any difference, but hemorrhage was evident in a part of the cerebellum. The results of cognitive, biological and MRI tests in the tested monkey showed a decrease in the visual learning and memory indices.

Distribution of Norwalk Virus within Shellfish Following Bioaccumulation and Subsequent Depuration by Detection Using RT-PCR

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELLOGG J. SCHWAB ◽  
FREDERICK H. NEILL ◽  
MARY K. ESTES ◽  
THEODORE G. METCALF ◽  
ROBERT L. ATMAR
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Norwalk Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Escherichia Coli Bacteria ◽  
Virus Distribution

Consumption of raw bivalve mollusks contaminated with pathogens from human feces continues to present a human health risk. The purpose of this study was to monitor the uptake, localization, and removal of Norwalk virus (NV) in shellfish (oyster and clam) tissues by analyzing virus distribution in selected dissected tissues. Live shellfish were allowed to bioaccumulate different input titers of NV for time periods from 4 to 24 h. In some experiments, depuration by shellfish that bioaccumulated NV and Escherichia coli bacteria was allowed to proceed for 24 or 48 hours. Dissected stomach (St), digestive diverticula (DD), adductor muscle (AM), and hemolymph cells (HC) tissues were assayed for NV by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. An intemal RNA standard control was added to the RT-PCR to identify the presence of inhibitors to RT-PCR. NV titers in DD tissues before and after depuration were estimated using quantitative RT-PCR end-point dilution. NV was found in the alimentary tract (DD or St) at all concentrations of input virus, but was present more frequently after exposure to higher levels of virus. NV was detected in AM and HC only following exposure to higher levels of virus. In experiments where depuration by oysters was continued for 48 h, depuration of bacteria was efficient (95% reduction of bacteria), but minimal (7%) reduction of NV titers from DD tissues was detected. These findings indicate that NV can localize both within and outside the alimentary tract of shellfish, and NV is poorly depurated using conditions favorable for E. coli depuration.

Evaluation of hippocampus in rhesus monkeys after chronic (1-year) inhalation exposure to marijuana: I. Electron microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-399
Author(s):  
A.M. Andrews ◽  
S.W. Wilson ◽  
A.C. Scallet ◽  
S.F. Ali ◽  
J. Bailey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Synaptic Cleft ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Withdrawal Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Male Rhesus

Exposure of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) to marijuana via inhalation or to intravenous delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), reportedly caused ultrastructural evidence of increased synaptic width. Chronic marijuana smoke in a single rhesus monkey examined after a six month withdrawal time caused ultrastructure changes in the septal, hippocampal and amygdala regions; the synaptic cleft was widened, electron opaque material was found in the cleft and in the pre- and postsynaptic regions, with some clumping of the synaptic vesicles. The objective of our study was to assess neuropathological alterations produced by chronic inhalation of marijuana smoke.Nineteen male rhesus monkeys, 3-5 years of age and weighing 3-8 kg, were divided into four treatment groups: a) sham control, b) placebo smoke (7 days/ week) c) low dose marijuana (2 times/week with 5 days/week sham) and d) high dose marijuana (7 times/week). A smoke exposure consisted of smoke from one cigarette (2.6% THC) burned down to 10 mm butt length. Smoke was administered via smoke generator (ADL II, Arthur D. Little, Inc. Cambridge, MA) and nose-mouth only masks (local production) equipped with one-way valves.

scholarly journals Improved real-time RT-PCR method for high-throughput measurements using second derivative calculation and double correction

BioTechniques ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Luu-The ◽  
Nathalie Paquet ◽  
Ezequiel Calvo ◽  
Jean Cumps
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Second Derivative ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Pcr Method

Experimental delayed radiation necrosis of the brain

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert N. Martins ◽  
Ralph E. Severance ◽  
James M. Henry ◽  
Thomas F. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Radiation Necrosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brain Irradiation ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Male Rhesus

✓ The authors have designed an experiment to detect a hitherto unrecognized interaction between high doses of the glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and brain irradiation. Eighteen juvenile male rhesus monkeys received 1800 rads to the whole brain in 8.5 minutes. For 1½ days before and 10½ days after the irradiation, nine animals received approximately 2.9 mg/kg/day of dexamethasone intramuscularly in addition to irradiation, while the remaining nine animals served as the control group and received saline. All animals eventually developed a progressive neurological syndrome, and died of delayed radiation necrosis of the brain. The two groups were compared with regard to latency to onset of clinical signs, survival time, and number, distribution, and location of lesions of radionecrosis. Large doses of dexamethasone did not alter the susceptibility of the primate brain to delayed radiation necrosis. Detailed morphological study of the radionecrotic lesions supports the hypothesis that most, if not all, of the lesions develop as the consequence of injury to blood vessels.

scholarly journals Trueness and precision of the real-time RT-PCR method for quantifying the chronic bee paralysis virus genome in bee homogenates evaluated by a comparative inter-laboratory study

2017 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schurr ◽  
Nicolas Cougoule ◽  
Marie-Pierre Rivière ◽  
Magali Ribière-Chabert ◽  
Hamid Achour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Paralysis Virus
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