Clinical Significance of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging on Treatment Efficacy in MS Patients with Acute Attacks

Background: Despite the existence of various imaging methods, the accurate diagnosis of many neurodegenerative diseases is still controversial. The use of advanced imaging techniques, such as the diffusion weighted imaging can be help the early detection of MS and evaluation of the treatment efficacy in these patients. Materials and method: 24 MS patients with acute attack and thirty healthy subjects were considered in our study. In the patients' group, ROI was defined for acute and chronic plaques and normal appearing white matter (NAWM). In the normal group, ROI only was mapped in the white matter in the same regions of the patient. All MS patients were receiving Methylprednisolone for 3 to 5 days. The rate of clinical disability in these patients was also evaluated based on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) index. Finally evaluate changes of ADC values of plaques and NAWM before and after treatment. Results: The ADC values of acute plaques, ADC values of NAWM, number of enhancement in T1w and EDSS values showed a significant difference after treatment compared to before treatment. However, the ADC values of chronic plaques have not shown any significant difference after treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between the difference in EDSS values before and after treatment. Conclusion: The results of study showed that using diffusion technique and ADC values analysis is a proper non-invasive method for MS diagnosis and evaluation of treatment efficacy in these patients.

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Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Normal Appearing White Matter in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis

Rivista di Neuroradiologia ◽

10.1177/197140090301600205 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 263-266

Author(s):

F.G. Garaci ◽

R. Floris ◽

G. Manenti ◽

L.M. Fantozzi ◽

A. Bozzao

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Mr Imaging ◽

Tuberous Sclerosis ◽

Centrum Semiovale ◽

Normal Appearing White Matter ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Adc Values ◽

Mr Sequences ◽

Supratentorial White Matter

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of changes in diffusivity in the brains of patients with tuberous sclerosis (TS) in areas free from signal alterations on conventional MR sequences. Ten patients and controls were evaluated. ROI were placed on ADC maps in the white matter (frontal, parietal and centrum semiovale) excluding areas with signal alterations on FLAIR images. ADC values of supratentorial white matter turned out to be higher than controls (P < .0001). Our data indicate that TS is more widely diffused than expected in the brains of affected patients.

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The Correlation between Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Histopathological Evaluation of 356 Prostate Biopsy Sites in Patients with Prostatic Diseases

ISRN Urology ◽

10.5402/2012/252846 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Kilinç ◽

O. G. Doluoglu ◽

B. Sakman ◽

D. S. Ciliz ◽

E. Yüksel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Biopsy ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽

Prostate Biopsies ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Adc Values ◽

The Difference ◽

Prostatic Diseases

Purpose. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of diffusion MRI for detection of cancer foci by comparing diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) results and pathology results of prostate biopsy sites. Methods. Of the patients who applied with lower urinary tract symptoms, 36 patients who had suspected DRE and/or PSA ≥2.5 ng/mL were included in the study. Patients underwent DWI prior to 10 cores-prostate biopsy. 356 biopsy cores were obtained from the patients. Foci from the patients with prostate cancer were labeled as malignant or benign foci, likewise foci from the patients with benign pathology were grouped as BPH and inflammation foci. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of biopsy groups were compared with each other in order to measure the reliability of DWI in detection of PCa foci. Results. When ADC values of adenocarcinoma foci and BPH foci were compared, a statistically significant difference was found (P<0.001). When ADC values obtained from adenocarcinoma foci and chronic inflammation foci are compared, the difference between two groups is statistically significant, too (P<0.001). Conclusions. Biopsies focused on suspected regions after formation of ADC maps by means of DWI would provide to start definitive treatment immediately as well as being beneficial to prevent morbidity related to repeated prostate biopsies.

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The Influence of Bowel Preparation on ADC Measurements: Comparison between Conventional DWI and DWIBS Sequences

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55070394 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 394

Author(s):

Ilze Apine ◽

Monta Baduna ◽

Reinis Pitura ◽

Juris Pokrotnieks ◽

Gaida Krumina

Keyword(s):

Bowel Preparation ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Mr Enterography ◽

High Signal ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Signal Suppression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Adc Values

Background and objectives: The aim of the study was to assess whether there were differences between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion-weighted imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) sequences in non-prepared and prepared bowels before and after preparation with an enteric hyperosmolar agent, to assess whether ADC measurements have the potential to avoid bowel preparation and whether ADC-DWIBS has advantages over ADC-DWI. Materials and Methods: 106 adult patients without evidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) enterography before and after bowel preparation. ADC-DWI and ADC-DWIBS values were measured in the intestinal and colonic walls demonstrating high signal intensity (SI) at DWI tracking images of b = 800 s/mm2 before and after preparation. Results: There were significant difference (p < 0.0001) in both ADC-DWI and ADC-DWIBS results between non-prepared and prepared jejunum for DWI being 1.09 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.76 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively, and for DWIBS being 0.91 × 10−3 mm2/s and 1.75 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. Both ADC-DWI and DWIBS also showed significant difference between non-prepared and prepared colon (p < 0.0001), with DWI values 1.41 × 10−3 mm2/s and 2.13 × 10−3 mm2/s, and DWIBS—1.01 × 10−3 mm2/s and 2.04 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. No significant difference between ADC-DWI and ADC-DWIBS was found in prepared jejunum (p = 0.84) and prepared colon (p = 0.58), whereas a significant difference was found in non-prepared jejunum and non-prepared colon (p = 0.0001 in both samples). Conclusions: ADC between DWI and DWIBS does not differ in prepared bowel walls but demonstrates a difference in non-prepared bowel. ADC in non-prepared bowel is lower than in prepared bowel and possible overlap with the ADC range of IBD is possible in non-prepared bowel. ADC-DWIBS has no advantage over ADC-DWI in regard to IBD assessment.

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The role of diffusion-weighted MRI in assessment of response to chemotherapy in osteosarcoma

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-020-00392-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tarek Ahmed Raafat ◽

Randa Osama Kaddah ◽

Lobna Mohamed Bokhary ◽

Hend Ali Sayed ◽

Ahmed Sayed Awad

Keyword(s):

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Adc Value ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Adc Values ◽

The Mean ◽

Value Measurement ◽

Post Therapy

Abstract Background The most effective treatment for osteosarcoma is neoadjuvant chemotherapy along with surgical resection of the tumor. The prognosis significantly correlates with the degree of tumor necrosis following preoperative chemotherapy. The tumor necrosis will result in loss of the cell membrane integrity and expansion of the extracellular diffusion space which can be detected as an increase in the mean ADC value. The aim of our work is to evaluate the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value measurement for monitoring the therapeutic response after chemotherapy in osteosarcoma. Results This study included 25 cases of osteosarcoma: 15 males and 10 females. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 46 years with mean age 22 years. All were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including DWI and the mean and minimum ADC values were calculated before and after chemotherapy. Follow-up DWI post-therapy revealed a rise in mean ADC value in 17 patients who considered having good response. The ADC value had been raised from 1.05 ± 0.4 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.82 ± 0.45 × 10−3 mm2/s (P < 0.027) that is statistically moderately significant. In 8 patients, the post-therapy ADC value was similar to that of pre- or with a little change and they were considered having poor response. It showed changes from 1.29 ± 0.35 × 10−3 mm2/s to 1.32 ± 0.36 × 10−3 mm2/s (P > 0.05) that means no significant difference. Conclusion DWI and ADC value measurement play an important role in monitoring the therapeutic response after chemotherapy in osteosarcoma patients by comparing the mean ADC values before and after treatment.

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Role of Quantitative Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Orbital Masses

Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730120 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Preeti Mundhada ◽

Sudarshan Rawat ◽

Ullas Acharya ◽

Dhananjay Raje

Keyword(s):

Roc Curve ◽

Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Adc Value ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Orbital Masses ◽

Adc Values ◽

Orbital Lesions

Abstract Aim To determine the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Materials and Methods After obtaining institutional ethical board approval and informed consent from all patients, an observational study was done for a period of 24 months in the radiology department of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and DWI using a 3T scanner was done for all patients with suspected orbital mass lesion. ADC value and clinicohistopathological correlation were studied for every patient. Chi-square test was used to compare the signal characteristics of DWI and ADC maps between benign and malignant lesions. A comparison of mean ADC values for benign and malignant masses was performed using Student’s t-test for independent samples. The cut-off value for ADC was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Of 44 patients with orbital lesions, 70% were benign and 30% were malignant. There was a significant difference in the mean ADC values of benign and malignant orbital masses. Using ROC curve analysis, an optimal ADC threshold of 1.26 × 10−3 mm2/s was calculated for the prediction of malignancy with 100% sensitivity, 80.65% specificity, and 86.36% accuracy (95% confidence interval: 0.872, 1.00, p < 0.0001). Two ADC thresholds were used to characterize the orbital masses with more than 90% confidence. Conclusion Quantitative assessment of ADC is a useful noninvasive diagnostic tool for differentiating benign and malignant orbital masses. Malignant orbital lesions demonstrate significantly lower ADC values as compared with benign lesions.

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Efficiency of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating radiologically similar simple and type I hydatid cysts of the liver

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120988131 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 028418512098813

Author(s):

Ilyas Dundar ◽

Mesut Ozgokce ◽

Fatma Durmaz ◽

Sercan Ozkacmaz ◽

Saim Turkoglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Options ◽

Type I ◽

Hydatid Cysts ◽

Liver Cysts ◽

Diffusion Weighted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

Apparent Diffusion ◽

Adc Values ◽

Hepatic Lesions

Background Determining the nature of purely cystic hepatic lesions is essential because different kinds have different follow-ups, treatment options, and complications. Purpose To explore the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of type I hydatid cysts (HC) and simple liver cysts (SLC), which have similar radiological appearances. Material and Methods This single-center prospective study was conducted during 2016–2019. Round, homogenous, anechoic liver cysts >1 cm were classified according to at least two years of imaging follow-up, radiological features, serology, as well as puncture aspiration injection reaspiration procedure and pathology results. ADC values of 95 cysts (50 type I HCs and 45 SLCs) were calculated on DWI. The differences in ADC values were analyzed by independent t-test. Results Of 51 patients, 28 were female, 23 were male (mean age 32.07 ± 22.95 years; age range 5–82 years). Mean diameter of 45 SLCs was 2.59 ± 1.23 cm (range 1.2–7.6 cm) and ADCmean value was 3.03 ± 0.47 (range 2.64–5.85) while mean diameter of 50 type I HCs was 7.49 ± 2.95 cm (range 2.8–14 cm) and ADCmean value was 2.99 ± 0.29 (range 2.36–3.83). There was no statistically significant difference in ADC values between type I HCs and SLCs Conclusion Some studies report that ADC values of type I HCs are statistically significantly lower than those of SLCs. Others suggest no significant difference. In our study with a higher number of cases, using ADC parameters similar to those in previous studies, we did not find any statistically significant difference.

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Influence of Apical Patency and Cleaning of the Apical Foramen on Periapical Extrusion in Retreatment

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (5) ◽

pp. 482-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Marili Doro Andrade Deonizio ◽

Gilson Blitzkow Sydney ◽

Antonio Batista ◽

Roberto Pontarolo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Bittencourt Guimarães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Material Removal ◽

Filling Material ◽

Mean Values ◽

Filtration System ◽

Root Canal Retreatment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Removal Technique

This study evaluated the influence of apical patency, root filling removal technique and cleaning of the apical foramen, concerning the amount of debris extruded during root canal retreatment. Forty mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 4 groups - GIM (n=10), GIIM (n=10), GIPT (n=10) and GIIPT (n=10), which were named according to leaving (I) or not (II) apical patency during canal preparation and filling removal technique (manual - M or ProTaper system - PT). After filling material removal, each specimen of each group had the apical foramen cleaned by sizes 15, 20 and 25 instruments, generating 12 subgroups: GIM15, GIM20, GIM25, GIIM15, GIIM20, GIIM25, GIPT15, GIPT20, GIPT25, GIIPT15, GIIPT20 and GIIPT25. Extruded filling debris was collected by a Milipore filtration system, an HV-durapore, 0.45 µm pore filter with a 25 mm diameter. The filters were weighed before and after the collection on an analytical scale (10–5 g), and the difference was calculated. The mean weight of extruded filling debris was analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman ANOVA tests (α=0.05). The mean values found in the groups (in mg) were: GIM (0.95±0.94), GIIM (0.47±0.62), GIPT (0.30±0.31) and GIIPT (0.32±0.44). There was no statistically significant difference among any of the groups or subgroups (p>0.05). ProTaper provided the smallest amount of extruded filling material, regardless of presence or absence of apical patency, followed by manual technique, without and with apical patency. Additional amounts of debris were collected during cleaning of the apical foramen, regardless of the instrument, presence/absence of patency or root filling removal technique.

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Tumoural portal vein thrombosis

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1080/02841859709172397 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 655-659

Author(s):

L. Marti-Bonmati ◽

E. Lonjedo ◽

D. Mathieu ◽

C. Coffin ◽

C. Poyatos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Portal Vein ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Vena Cava ◽

Tumour Thrombus ◽

Vein Thrombosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Portal Veins ◽

Cellular Carcinoma

Purpose: Intrahepatic thrombus is usually associated with either cirrhosis or hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCCs enhance after the administration of MnDPDP (Teslascan). Our objective was to analyze the enhancement characteristics of tumour portal vein thrombi. Material and Methods: Thrombi affecting the main or segmental portal veins (17 cases) and the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (1 case) were retrospectively selected from a series of 128 patients studied with MR imaging before and after the administration of MnDPDP. Enhancement was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Results: All tumour thrombi enhanced after MnDPDP administration. The enhancement was more conspicuous in the GRE images. On the quantitative evaluation, the portal thrombus enhancement was greater for GRE images than SE images. Portal thrombi enhanced more than the liver and the HCCs. There was a significant difference between the enhancement of the HCCs and the thrombi with both MR imaging techniques. Conclusion: The greater enhancement of the tumour thrombus associated with the liver and HCC may suggest that other mechanisms, apart from accumulation of the contrast medium within the hepatocytes inside the thrombi, are involved in thrombus enhancement.

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The difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste and without toothpaste

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol20no3.14118 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Setiawan ◽

Edeh Rolleta Haroen ◽

Dede Hadidjah

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Research Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Male And Female ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Salivary Ph ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

The Difference

In administering fluoride through drinking water there is the risk of overdose, higher cost and inadequate availability of drinking water containing fluoride in developing countries like Indonesia. A safe fluoride source is contained in toothpaste. The purpose of this research was to obtain data concerning difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste. The research method used was the quasi-experimental method. Samples were collected by the way of purposive sampling, conducted on 43 male and female research subjects. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis using the t test at 95% confidence level. In this research a control group consisting of 43 people was used. Research results indicated that the average saliva pH before brushing was 7.174; after brushing with fluoride containing toothpaste salivary pH was 7.593. Result research of brushing without toothpaste showed an average saliva of 7.163 before brushing and 7.379 after brushing without toothpaste. The average changes in saliva pH before and after brushing using fluoride containing toothpaste was 0.216. The conclusion of this research was that there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride; there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing without toothpaste, and there was significant difference in saliva pH before and after brushing with toothpaste containing fluoride and without toothpaste.

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OHIS Differences on Primary School Students in Relation to Little Dentist Training

10.31219/osf.io/uxbks ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Asep Arifin Senjaya ◽

Ni Made Sirat ◽

I Nyoman Wirata ◽

Ni Ketut Ratmini

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Primary School ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Dental Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Primary School Students ◽

School Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Difference

Dental healthcare is very important since dental and oral hygiene should be maintained. Statistics showed that more than 80% of children in developed and developing countries suffer from dental disease. This study aimed to see the safety of OHIS (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) in primary school students who got and did not get little dentist cadre training in Bangli Regency in 2019. The study was done in an experimental design: pre and post-test with control design, which was conducted in August-September 2019. The sample in this study is 366 students. The difference in OHIS scores before and after treatment in the control group and treatment group was carried out by the bivariate Mann Whitney U Test. The results of the study showed that before dental health training was conducted, there were 54.3% of primary school students in the treatment group with good OHIS score criteria, and after the training was carried out as many as 98.4% of the students in the treatment group had a good OHIS. Additionally, prior to the training, 57.5% of the control group had fair OHIS criteria score. Then, after the training was carried out, 73.7% of the control group had good OHIS score. Hence, the study concluded that there was a significant difference in the OHIS of primary school students who got little doctor training prior to and after the training. Also, there was a significant difference in the OHIS of the students who did not get such treatment before and after the training.

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