scholarly journals Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles on Histopathology and Electron Microscope Ultrastructure of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio) Gills

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Borhan Mansouri ◽  
◽  
Seyed Ali Johari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Background: The increasing use of nanomaterials and nanoproducts has increased the possibility of contamination of the environment, which may have adverse effects on different organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silver nanoparticles on histopathology and gill ultrastructure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory conditions. Methods: Zebrafish were exposed to four concentrations of silver nanoparticles (0.0015, 0.00375, 0.0075, and 0.015 mg/l) for a period of 4 days. Gill ultrastructure and histopathological changes were studied using scanning electron microscope and haematoxylin - eosin staining. Results: Exposure to silver nanoparticles significantly (P < 0.001) increased the diameter of gill filaments and secondary lamellae, while silver nanoparticles significantly reduced the length of the secondary gills in zebrafish. Moreover, other changes such as vacuolization, dilated and clubbed tips, hyperplasia, edema, fusion, swelling of mucocytes, hypertrophy, and necrosis were observed. The effects of silver nanoparticles in zebrafish gills were dose dependent. Conclusion: Based on the adverse effects of AgNPs on zebrafish gills, silver nanoparticle solutions can be hazardous pollutants for the environment.

scholarly journals Alterations in the Gill Filaments and Secondary Lamellae of Cirrhinus mrigala Exposed to “Nuvan,” an Organophosphorus Insecticide

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Usha Kumari ◽  
Amita Kumari Rai ◽  
Swati Mittal ◽  
Ajay Kumar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cirrhinus Mrigala ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Scanning Electron

The alterations in the epithelium of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of the gills of Cirrhinus mrigala, on exposure to “Nuvan,” have been explored in the present investigation using light and scanning electron microscopy. The fishes were exposed to two sublethal concentrations, 5 mg/L and 15 mg/L, of “Nuvan.” The changes are more rapid and intensive at higher concentration than at lower concentration, suggesting that the changes are dose dependent. Increase in thickness of epithelium covering secondary lamellae, merger of epithelium of gill filaments and adjacent secondary lamellae, and aneurysm is considered to reduce efficiency of gills for gaseous exchange. A significant decline in the density and area of the mucous goblet cells in the epithelium of the gill filaments and the secondary lamellae of C. mrigala exposed to “Nuvan” could be correlated with excessive loss of the secretory contents of these cells, uncompensated by their production in sufficient quantities. The histopathological changes, in general, take longer time to recover in the fishes exposed to 15 mg/L than those exposed to 5 mg/L indicating that the changes in fishes exposed to higher concentration are more severe than those at lower concentration of the insecticide.

scholarly journals Morpho-Functional Alterations in the Gills of a Seawater Teleost, the Ornate Wrasse (Thalassoma pavo L.), after Short-Term Exposure to Chlorpyrifos

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Rachele Macirella ◽  
Vittoria Curcio ◽  
Elvira Brunelli
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Pillar Cell ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus insecticide commonly used for domestic and agricultural purposes. The risk posed by environmental contamination from CPF is well acknowledged, and it has been detected worldwide in aquatic habitats and coastal areas. In addition, due to its slower degradation in seawater compared to freshwater, CPF is of particular concern for marine environments. Here, we investigated for the first time the morpho-functional alterations induced by CPF on the gills of Thalassoma pavo, a widespread species in the Mediterranean Sea. We tested the effects of two sublethal concentrations (4 and 8 µg/L) after 48 and 96 h. Our study demonstrates that the alterations induced by CPF are dose and time-dependent and highlight the harmful properties of this insecticide. After exposure to the low tested concentration, the more frequent alteration is an intense proliferation of the primary epithelium, whereas after exposure to the high concentration, the primary epithelium proliferation is less extensive, and the most evident effects are the thinning of secondary lamellae and the ectopia of chloride and goblet cells. CPF also modulated the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase. Dilation of lamellar apical tips, pillar cell degeneration, and appearance of aneurysms are often observed.

scholarly journals Toxicity of internalized laser generated pure silver nanoparticles to the isolated rat hippocampus cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canan Kursungoz ◽  
Sadık Taşkın Taş ◽  
Mustafa F Sargon ◽  
Yıldırım Sara ◽  
Bülend Ortaç
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Laser Ablation Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Dose Dependent

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the most commonly used nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine, industry and cosmetics. They are generally considered as biocompatible. However, contradictory reports on their biosafety render them difficult to accept as ‘safe’. In this study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of direct AgNP treatment in rat hippocampal slices. We produced pure uncoated AgNPs by a pulsed laser ablation method. NP characterization was performed by Ultraviolet (UV) visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Rat hippocampal slices were treated with AgNPs for an hour. AgNP exposure of hippocampal tissue resulted in a significant decrease in cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Our TEM results showed that AgNPs were distributed in the extracellular matrix and were taken into the cytoplasm of the neurons. Moreover, we found that only larger AgNPs were taken into the neurons via phagocytosis. This study showed that the pure AgNPs produced by laser ablation are toxic to the neural tissue. We also found that neurons internalized only the large NPs by phagocytosis which seems to be the major mechanism in AgNP neurotoxicity.

Effects of ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (Mancozeb) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazan Deniz Yön Ertuğ ◽  
Elif Uzun ◽  
Tarık Dinç ◽  
Cansu Akbulut
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Female Zebrafish ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

Pesticides used to protect plants and animals against the competition of unwanted insects, diseases, and weeds, and pests play a delicate role in living systems. It has adverse effects on the environment and health. The most adverse effects of pesticide derivatives are the reduction in biodiversity, water pollution, and health risks. Mancozeb is an ethylene bis dithiocarbamate (EBDC) pesticide containing manganese and zinc. These pesticides are included in the fungicide group because they are used for treating fungal diseases. In this study, the structure of oocytes developing in female zebrafish exposed to different doses of mancozeb (5 mg L−1, 7.5 mg L−1) was examined. Compared with the control group, it was determined that the number of developing oocytes reduced in the experimental groups. There was a significant increase in atretic oocytes, an increase in the level of degenerate oocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and deformation in oocytes became prominent.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural Alterations in Thyrocytes of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) after Exposure to Propylthiouracil and Perchlorate

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Schmidt ◽  
Raoul Wolf ◽  
Lisa Baumann ◽  
Thomas Braunbeck
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Life Stage ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Histological Data ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Significant Mortality

Histopathology is a widely used approach to evaluate effects of endocrine-active chemicals in the thyroid. However, effects at an ultrastructural level have hardly been examined in fish thyroids. In the present study, zebrafish was exposed to sublethal concentrations of propylthiouracil (PTU; 0–50 mg/L) and perchlorate (PER; 0–5,000 µg/L) for 5 weeks in a modified early life–stage test. None of the treatments caused significant mortality (no observed effect concentrations for survival ≥50 mg/L [PTU] and ≥5,000 µg/L [PER]). PTU induced dose-dependent alterations in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) in all exposure groups, whereas only the 2 highest PER exposure groups (500 and 5,000 µg/L) resulted in alterations of the rER. Both substances caused an increase in the numbers of lysosomes and mitochondria, with mitochondria displaying distorted cristae. Increased mitochondrial diameters were only observed in the PTU treatment. PER-exposed samples displayed an increase in apical microvilli. The highest PTU concentration (50 mg/L) showed first signs of cellular degeneration. Ultrastructural changes in zebrafish thyrocytes thus appear specific for different chemicals, most likely depending on their specific modes of action. Additional knowledge of subcellular changes in thyrocytes can help to better understand and interpret existing histological data in the future.

Synthesis and Characterization of Florfenicol-silver Nanocomposite and its Antibacterial Activity against some Gram Positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
Silver Nanocomposite ◽  
Morphology Characterization

In this paper, easy, rapid and cheap synthetic method was described for florfenicol-silver nanocomposite by sonochemical method. Florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was characterized based on three classes namely index, identification and morphology class. Index characterization was carried out by zeta sizing, BET surface area and zeta potential. Identification characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometry. Morphology characterization was done utilizing transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Characterization results showed zeta sizing of florfenicol was 30.44nm, while florfenicol-silver nanocomposite was 33.5 nm with zeta potential -14.1 and -18, respectively. BET surface area was found to be 13.3, 73.2 and 103.69 m2/g for florfenicol, silver nanoparticles and florfenicol-silver nanocomposite respectively. XRD and Raman charts confirmed the formation of florfenicol-silver nanocomposite without any contamination. TEM, SEM and AFM spectral data illustrated spherical to sub spherical shape of silver nanoparticles on cubic to sheet shape of florfenicol with size less than 50 nm. Antimicrobial activity was screened where the average zone of inhibitions caused by the prepared nanocomposite were 28.3 mm, 24 mm, 27.3 mm and 24 mm compared to 17.7 mm, 16 mm, 18.7 mm and 13.3 mm of the native drug and 13 mm, 10 mm, 14.3 mm and 15 mm of the used positive reference standards against E. coli, Salmonella typhymurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Staph.aureus MRSA respectively.

scholarly journals Biofabricated Fatty Acids-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as Potential Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Mohammad Azam Ansari ◽  
Sarah Mousa Maadi Asiri ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Hct 116 ◽  
Hct 116 Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

The current study demonstrates the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs) capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous poly-herbal drug Liv52 extract (PLE) as a reducing, dispersing and stabilizing agent. The NPs were characterized by various techniques and used to investigate their potent antibacterial, antibiofilm, antifungal and anticancer activities. GC-MS analysis of PLE shows a total of 37 peaks for a variety of bio-actives compounds. Amongst them, n-hexadecanoic acid (21.95%), linoleic acid (20.45%), oleic acid (18.01%) and stearic acid (13.99%) were found predominately and most likely acted as reducing, stabilizing and encapsulation FAs in LIV-AgNPs formation. FTIR analysis of LIV-AgNPs shows some other functional bio-actives like proteins, sugars and alkenes in the soft PLE corona. The zone of inhibition was 10.0 ± 2.2–18.5 ± 1.0 mm, 10.5 ± 2.5–22.5 ± 1.5 mm and 13.7 ± 1.0–16.5 ± 1.2 against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. LIV-AgNPs inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner i.e., 54.4 ± 3.1%—10.12 ± 2.3% (S. aureus), 72.7 ± 2.2%–23.3 ± 5.2% (P. aeruginosa) and 85.4 ± 3.3%–25.6 ± 2.2% (C. albicans), and SEM analysis of treated planktonic cells and their biofilm biomass validated the fitness of LIV-AgNPs in future nanoantibiotics. In addition, as prepared FAs rich PLE capped AgNPs have also exhibited significant (p < 0.05 *) antiproliferative activity against cultured HCT-116 cells. Overall, this is a very first demonstration on employment of FAs rich PLE for the synthesis of highly dispersible, stable and uniform sized AgNPs and their antibacterial, antifungal, antibiofilm and anticancer efficacy.

scholarly journals Toxicological Profile of Plasmonic Nanoparticles in Zebrafish Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6372
Author(s):  
Marta d’Amora ◽  
Vittoria Raffa ◽  
Francesco De Angelis ◽  
Francesco Tantussi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Plasmonic Nanoparticles ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Materials Used

Plasmonic nanoparticles are increasingly employed in several fields, thanks to their unique, promising properties. In particular, these particles exhibit a surface plasmon resonance combined with outstanding absorption and scattering properties. They are also easy to synthesize and functionalize, making them ideal for nanotechnology applications. However, the physicochemical properties of these nanoparticles can make them potentially toxic, even if their bulk metallic forms are almost inert. In this review, we aim to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the potential adverse effects of plasmonic nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio) during both development and adulthood, focusing our attention on the most common materials used, i.e., gold and silver.

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