scholarly journals The Role of Mammalian Target of Rapamycine Signaling Pathway in Central Nervous System Cancers: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-485
Author(s):  
Forough Alemi Serej ◽  
◽  
Hosein Aliyari Serej ◽  
Abbas Ebrahimi Kalan ◽  
Ahmad Mehdipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Serine Threonine Kinase ◽  
Central Nervous System Cancers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Mammalian mechanistic target of rapamycine (mTOR) is a conserved serine/threonine kinase in the cellular PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This pathway is modified by cellular alterations such as level of energy, growth factors, stresses, as well as the increased environmental level of cancerous cytokines. In general, increase of this kinase protein function is seen in various types of cancers, especially in cancer stem-like cell. Additionally, activation of this pathway in the most common malignant central nervous system cancers such as glioblastoma, medulloblastomas and tuberous sclerosis complex is under investigation. Recent studies have shown the relationship between different cellular signaling pathways and genetic mutations, that involved in the cancer of CNS, with mTOR pathway. Based on previous studies, different treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, aren’t more effective and have some side-effects. Therefore, the researchers are trying to find better ways to treat cancer. One approach to this aim is about the essence of understanding all of molecular pathways, proteins and mutations involved in cancers. This study tries to analysis some of the unknown molecular pathways on mentioned cancerous cells and interaction among this pathway with mTOR kinase protein.

Role of VHL-JAK-STAT signaling pathway in central nervous system hemangioblastoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kanno ◽  
Tetsuya Yoshizumi ◽  
Masamichi Shinonaga ◽  
Atsuhiko Kubo ◽  
Hidetoshi Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
Stat Signaling ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System Hemangioblastoma

scholarly journals Functional Role of SIL1 in Neurodevelopment and Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilian Xu ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Kai Mi ◽  
Yan Shen ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Developmental Expression ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Reelin Signaling

Background. Sil1 is the causative gene of Marinesco-Sjӧgren Syndrome (MSS). The mutated Sil1 generates shortened SIL1 protein which will form aggregation and be degraded rapidly. Mental retardation is a major symptom of MSS which suggests a role of SIL1 in the development of the central nervous system, but how SIL1 functions remains unclear. Objectives. The aim of this study is to explore the role of SIL1 in regulating cerebral development and its underlying molecular mechanism. Methods. The basic expression pattern of SIL1 in tissues and cultured cortical neurons is measured by immunostaining and Western blot. The expression of SIL1 is reduced in vitro and in vivo through RNA interference delivered by a lentivirus. The expression of NMDA receptor subunits and the function of the Reelin signaling pathway are then examined by surface biotinylation and Western blot subsequently. Finally, the spatial learning of young mice was assessed by the Barnes maze task. Results. SIL1 deficiency caused a diminished expression of both Reelin receptors and therefore impaired the Reelin signaling pathway. It then inhibited the developmental expression of GluN2A and impaired the spatial learning of 5-week-old mice. Conclusions. These results suggested that SIL1 is required for the development of the central nervous system which is associated with its role in Reelin signaling.

Critical Role of IL-8 Targeting in Gliomas

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 1954-1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinos Kosmopoulos ◽  
Anthos Christofides ◽  
Dimitrios Drekolias ◽  
Phaedon D. Zavras ◽  
Antonios N. Gargalionis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
Cns Disorders ◽  
Potential Biomarker

Background: Glioma is a heterogeneous, highly complicated central nervous system (CNS) tumor with uncertain mechanism of initiation and progression, resulting in an unfavorable outcome. An extended network of cytokines is recognized as a major regulator of glioma pathogenesis, either promoting or inhibiting glioma progression based on their type and specificity. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) has been revealed as a critical regulator of CNS function and development with participation in many CNS disorders including gliomas. Objective: The aim of the present review is to address the role of IL-8 in glioma pathogenesis focusing on the implicated molecular pathways as well as on its potential targeting for glioma therapy. Methods and Results: PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases were searched for pre-clinical and clinical studies related to IL-8 implication in gliomagenesis and IL-8 targeting strategies for gliomas. Literature data indicate that IL-8 participates in glioma angiogenesis and cell migration and it can serve as a potential biomarker, for early diagnosis, follow-up and response to therapy. Conclusion: Several promising approaches that target directly or indirectly IL-8 effects in gliomas are currently in progress while more-in-depth studies are needed to validate its biomarker role and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Role of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway in the Development of the Central Nervous System and Aging-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Yan Qi ◽  
Zhitang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Neural Patterning ◽  
Shh Signaling ◽  
Shh Pathway ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway affects neurogenesis and neural patterning during the development of the central nervous system. Dysregulation of the SHH pathway in the brain contributes to aging-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. At present, the SHH signaling pathway can be divided into the canonical signaling pathway and non-canonical signaling pathway, which directly or indirectly mediates other related pathways involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, an in-depth knowledge of the SHH signaling pathway may open an avenue of possibilities for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the role and mechanism of the SHH signaling pathway in the development of the central nervous system and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we will also highlight the potential of the SHH pathway as a therapeutic target for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Neuroscience in the teaching of English

Pro Sciences ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Pedro Julio Mendez Aguilera ◽  
Italo Rigoberto Carabajo Romero ◽  
Ketty Zoraida Vergara Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study seeks to give an approximation to the role of the use of neuroscience in the teaching of the English language, to create educational resources to a language with a communicative approach teaching and reflecting on the implementation of methodological strategies congruent to modern education, is made a revision to new contributions in the pedagogical field, which include neural studies to see more closely how it develops and mature central nervous system and the brain, so now that the emphasis on learning a foreign language has become popular in recent decades, arduous way seeks to methodological strategies and activities to enhance their learning, which in this study proposes the use of six teaching strategies based on knowledge of how the brain, which are a contribution to reduce the educational gap between the old and the new school.I conducted this study is with teachers of English from the University of Agraria del Ecuador. The correlational descriptive method is used and as results were obtained that the relationship between the studied variables is positive.

scholarly journals Prospects for microbiota-oriented therapy in neurorehabilitology

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
N. V. Beloborodova ◽  
E. A. Chernevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metabolomic Approach

Intensive accumulation of data on the role of bacteria in complex regulatory mechanisms of the nervous system allows us to predict the transition to a new level in the treatment of brain dysfunctions. This problem-oriented article analyzes recent publications that reflect the relationship of changes in the profile of microbiota metabolites with the course and outcome of the disease in patients with central nervous system damage. Based on the results of biomarker monitoring in patients with prolonged neurorehabilitation in the Intensive care unit, the authors justify a metabolomic approach for correction in the microbiotagutbrain system.

scholarly journals The role of MRI in the central nervous system

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Natalia Leksa ◽  
◽  
David Aebisher ◽  
Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Mri ◽  
The Body ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has modified the practice of radiology. MRI is base on safe interaction between radiowaves at a particular frequency and hydrogen nuclei in the body. Metabolic encephalophaties are by definition those disorder of the central nervous system that are not due primarily to structural abnormalities. Aim. Here we present the 1H MRI and functional MRI (fMRI) method applied to diagnosis of disorders of the central nervous system. Material and methods. Analysis of literature and self-research. Results.We have discussed the major MRI applications in the characteristic of the central nervous system. The relationship beteen the motion of flowing blood and the representation of the blood on images is complex. This work is an introduction to the basic ideas and techniques of fMRI. Therefore, both, 1H MRI and functional MRI, methods are ued in neuroscience. Conclusion. Nonivasive MRI and functional MRI are daily diagnostics methods in neurology.

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