The Russian Innovation System: Problems of Development

2004 ◽  
pp. 16-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Golichenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Basic Point ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovation Potential

The main modern problems of Russian NIS development are considered in the article. They concern manufacturing of goods and services, processes of knowledge production and knowledge transfer. Measures of economic policy directed at solution of these problems are offered. The basic point is made on creation of significant motivation of economic agents and the institutional environment that provides their interaction. The motivation must be directed at innovations in industry and scientific and applied activity oriented at creating innovation potential for industry in science engineering.

Technology Centres

2015 ◽  
pp. 107-126
Author(s):  
Susana Pablo-Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Doctoral Training ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
Advantageous Position

This chapter shows how PhD mobility across organizations constitutes a source of normative isomorphism that has led towards the “collegialization” of some Spanish Technology Centres (TCs). In particular, the study of nine TCs located in four Spanish regions has been essential to identify the normative mechanisms embedded in doctoral training and scientific careers that have promoted the convergence among R&D organizations. Thus, TCs collaborating intensively with higher education institutions through hybrid researchers have adopted academic models of knowledge production. Interestingly, they have also introduced doctoral training programs to reinforce their legitimacy in the eyes of their collaborators and investors. As a result of these changes, TCs move towards a more proactive position in the processes of knowledge transfer to gain an advantageous position in an innovation system.

scholarly journals The impact of the institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Anna Yur'evna Veretennikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Platform Economy

The spread of the sharing economy and the growing interest to this concept is caused by the transformation of business models, which is due to the redistribution of the importance of the economic, social and environmental goals of consumers, manufacturers and suppliers of goods and services. Institutional factors of doing business have a particular importance. At the same time, the rise of digital technology has become a catalyst for the transformation of the rules and regulations establishing transactions between economic agents of various levels. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of institutional environment digitalization on the sharing economy development as a basis for its further regulation. The novelty of the research lies in identifying regularities in institutional environment digitalization. The article describes various aspects of analyzing the sharing economy, reveals a narrow and broad interpretation of the studied term based on the fact that the sharing economy is a part of the digital and platform economy. It is shown that the sharing economy is also at the intersection of the access economy, platform economy and community-based economy. Two key approaches to sharing economy are defined: technological with the focus on sharing economy driven by the digital technologies and socioinstitional with the transformations of rules and standards regulating the interaction of economic agents within this model. Correlation-regression analysis is applied to test the hypotheses about the influence of institutional environment digitalization typical for formal and informal institutes, as well as the network relations on the development of the sharing economy. The European Index of Digital Entrepreneurship Systems (EIDES) and The Timbro Sharing Economy Index were used as an information base for the study. The research arrives at a nonlinear regression model showing the significance and impact nature of the development of network relations and social media on the sharing economy. Hypotheses about the influence of the digital component of formal and informal institutions have been refuted. The article justifies the need for the development of inclusive institutes to regulate sharing economy, which will stimulate the solution of social, economic and environmental problems in the society. The theoretical significance of the study lies in expanding the provisions of economic theory in the field of studying the transformation of economic relations under the changes in external and internal socio-economic conditions and the institutional environment development for sharing economy. The practical significance lies in the possibility to apply the conclusions and recommendations to improve socio-economic regulating policy for sharing economy at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels of economy. The results obtained in the research may be of interest to the specialists analyzing the transformation of economic relations and the problems of the formation and development of sharing economy. Further research will relate directly to the issues of institutional design of the sharing economy, as well as the study of the application potential to solve socially significant problems at various levels of management.

scholarly journals The Main Modernization Directions of the Industrial Complex

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
N.N. Belanova ◽  
A.D. Kornilova ◽  
V.V. Mantulenko ◽  
A.V. Mantulenko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Innovation Infrastructure ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Investment In Fixed Assets

The functioning of enterprises in the conditions of economic uncertainty and high risks associated with it, dependence on external economic conjuncture, low competitiveness of domestic goods and services of Russia give determine a range of problems that can be solved only through modernization reforms in industry. They are determined by the formation of a competitive type of industrial production in Russia and high-tech industries that are able to generate high technology and modernize the sectoral system of national reproduction. Modernization of the Russian industry is based on internal growth factors using modern technologies and business methods with a gradual increase of the innovation potential. The purpose of the study is to identify the main directions of modernization for the formation of a modern competitive industry as the basis for ensuring economic growth and improving the quality of life of the population. To achieve this goal, the authors used dialectical, system-functional, economic-statistical, and formal-logical methods. In this contribution, the authors summarized the main directions of the implementation of industrial policy, presented statistical data on the creation of industrial parks. To strengthen the industrial potential of the Russian economy, it is necessary to provide conditions for the development of modern production, increasing production and energy efficiency, and increasing investment in fixed assets. The authors developed measures for the modernization of the industrial complex and predicted results of this program. Among key activities there are the development of affordable investment and innovation infrastructure, the creation of industrial parks and the development of the institutional environment.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONS DESIGN AS A TOOL OF STRUCTURAL-INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostiantyn Netudyhata ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Design ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
National Innovation System ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Goals And Objectives

In modern conditions, the basis of the transition of the Ukrainian economy to an innovative type of development is the construction of an effective national innovation system (NIS). Trends in the main indicators of the country's innovation activity indicate that the existing national innovation system does not fully contribute to the effective innovation development of the country. In light of the above, the topic of the article, aimed at finding, forming methodological foundations for the transformation of NIS, its institutional component, the design of institutions, is relevant in theoretical and applied aspects. The content of the concepts "structural and institutional transformation of the national innovation system" and "institutional design" are revealed in the work. Structural and institutional transformation of the national innovation system involves a continuous process of qualitative transformation of the system due to institutional changes. The formation and consolidation of norms and rules of interaction between economic agents can occur in the process of their evolution or as a result of purposeful activity. One of the tools of this transformation is institutional design, as a special type of activity aimed at constructing formal norms and rules of interaction between economic agents, the relevant mechanisms of coercion. The process of consolidating the inefficiency of the NIS of Ukraine is outlined. This brings us back to the issue of institutional design and its proper application in the process of structural and institutional transformation of the NIS of Ukraine. Stages of institutional design are singled out: analysis of the institutional environment of innovation activity (institutional component of NIS); formulation of the problem, goals and objectives; institutional project development; implementation of the institutional project, its adjustment and monitoring of the functioning of the institutional environment. Institutional design is disclosed as a continuous activity. The necessity of balanced application of this tool in the conditions of Ukraine is outlined.

scholarly journals Determinants of the regional innovation system – an analysis based on the Central Federal District of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia A. Mirolyubova ◽  
Dmitry N. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Innovation System ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Regional Innovation System ◽  
Regional Economies ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
Innovation Potential

The article tries to identify determinants of the regional innovation system and their influence on the volume of innovative goods and services on the basis of econometric analysis for 2005–2015 taking the regional economies of the Central Federal District of Russia as an example. The econometric analysis of cross‑sectional data has shown that the influence of the region’s innovation potential on the volume of innovative goods and services has become noticeable since 2011. Moreover the regions with an innovation‑oriented economy include Lipetsk, Kaluga and Yaroslavl.

Institutions as the Ordering Factor and as the Destabilizing Force: New Institutional and Post Keynesian Perspectives

2006 ◽  
pp. 102-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Skorobogatov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Forward Contracts

The paper is dedicated to the New Institutional and Post Keynesian perspectives on institutions and their relation to economic stability. Embeddedness, institutional environment, and institutional arrangements are considered. Within these institutions conventional expectations, the economic policy and forward contracts are analyzed. Upon these perspectives the author shows a contradictory relation between institutions and the order and develops an institutional theory of business cycles.

(Modeling the Effects of Economic Policy and Changes in the Behavior of Economic Agents)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Viktorovna Bozhechkova ◽  
Natalya Vashelyuk ◽  
P. A. Nazarov ◽  
Yuri Perevyshin ◽  
Elena Alekseevna Tumanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Agents

Academic Technology Transfer in Poland-30 Years of Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Krystian Gurba
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
Academic Technology ◽  
The Status

Organizations managing technology transfer from universities to the private sector, although born in Poland with a significant delay compared to Western European countries, are currently important actors in the Polish innovation system. The article summarizes the process of shaping the role and models of the functioning of these organizations. It discusses the status and functions of technology transfer centers and the institutional environment of academic technology transfer in Poland: legal framework, support programs, and partner organizations. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of cooperation networks in technology transfer and draws attention to specific initiatives focused on technology transfer in the biotechnology and pharmacy sectors.

The Influence of Institutional Factors on Macroeconomic Dynamics (On the Example of the Russian Federation)

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-293
Author(s):  
Olga S. Demchenko ◽  
◽  
Yulia Yu. Suslova ◽  
Svetlana K. Demchenko ◽  
Sergey A. Zhironkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
National Income ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Macroeconomic Dynamics ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Past

The article presents an original Keynesian-institutional approach to studying the macroeconomic dynamics of a transitional economy (on the example of Russia). The article proposes theoretical provisions related to the inclusion of an assessment of the institutional factor in the distribution of national income, as well as an authorial approach to modeling the relationship between institutions and aggregate demand based on the construction of linear regression equations, including changes in consumption, investment and institutional environment. Currently, economists have a desire to revise the mainstream and increase the requirements for the explanatory ability of macroeconomic models. The views widespread in economic theory are increasingly criticized due to the predominance of econometric analysis over qualitative interpretations, the unrealistic hypotheses of the rationality of economic agents’ behavior and the perfection of market mechanisms based on the assumption that it is possible to predict the future based on an analysis of the past. In order to solve the indicated problems, it is often proposed to use synthetic theories that combine the achievements of several schools of economic thought. One of these synthetic theories is Keynesian-institutional synthesis. The proposed approach is applied to assess the macroeconomic dynamics of the Russian economy, in which a decrease in consumption and investment volatility have been observed over the past five years, which is associated with macroeconomic stabilization and the development of social support institutions. However, the expectations of economic agents are rather unfavorable, and further measures are needed to stabilize aggregate demand. According to the analysis of official statistics, institutional factors significantly affect aggregate demand, but are not of priority. At the same time, the general conditions of the institutional environment have a stronger effect on investment than on consumption. On this basis, it has been concluded that the progress of institutions can not only accelerate economic growth, but also increase macroeconomic risks; therefore, it increases the responsibility of politicians for decisions in the field of economic regulation.

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