scholarly journals Порівняльна оцінка модифікацій літаків транспортної категорії за частковими та інтегральними показниками ефективності

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Олександр Захарович Двейрін ◽  
Віктор Іванович Рябков ◽  
Людмила Валеріївна Капітанова ◽  
Катерина Володимирівна Майорова
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Light Transport ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Transport Aircraft ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Integrated Indicators

The subject of the article is a method for evaluating the effectiveness of modifications of transport category aircraft by partial and integrated indicators, including the marketing cost of the flight and the cost of aircraft hours of air transportation, the amounts of which provide the relationship of economic indicators and parameters used in the design. The aim is to increase the efficiency of modifications of transport category aircraft relative to the basic ones. Objectives: to develop models for estimating modification changes according to integrated cost indicators; to carry out a comparative assessment of different modifications of the transport category aircraft in terms of partial and integrated cost indicators. The methods used are analysis and synthesis of research indicators, mathematical approaches for their evaluation based on the solution of systems of equations. The following results were obtained. According to the analysis and synthesis, the shortcomings of the above partial cost-effectiveness indicators were identified, Optimization of modifications on this indicator gives the maximum economic effect. Taking into account this circumstance, to assess the cost-effectiveness of modifications of transport aircraft, models have been developed that allow determining the cost of LC modifications with a variant change of the modified parameters, such as takeoff mass, flight performance, declared resource, etc., which are laid before modification. making conceptual decisions when creating it. Five modifications of a light transport aircraft are considered, in which such parameters as take-off mass and flight performance were changed. It is accepted that the change in takeoff mass is associated with an increase in the transported cargo, and the change in flight performance - with an increase in range from 2000 to 4000 km. Based on mathematical approaches for estimating existing partial and newly introduced integrated indicators, these five possible modifications of light transport aircraft are analyzed. There is a clear inadequacy in assessing the effectiveness of the developed options for partial and integrated indicators of their effectiveness. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is as follows: a method for estimating the total cost of LC modifications of transport category aircraft, taking into account the characteristic parameters of the modification: flight performance in the form of the characteristic "cargo - range"; the declared resource of modification, and also partial criteria, such as cost of air-hour of air transportation; the cost of transportation of 1 ton of cargo per 1 kilometer; full cost per flight of a transport category aircraft. The proposed method has significantly expanded the information based on which decisions can be made on the competitiveness of various modifications.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Economic Effect from the Implementation of Labour Protection Measures at Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Yury O. Polukarov ◽  
Nataliia A. Prakhovnik ◽  
Oleksiy I. Polukarov ◽  
Hlib V. Demchuk ◽  
Olena V. Zemlyanska
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
The Cost

Labour protection at an enterprise is defined by most economists as a system that greatly expands the ability of enterprises to achieve operational results. Moreover, the role of labour protection as a factor that can intensify production is determined in such a way only in countries with a market economy. The relevance of the study is determined by the possibilities of positioning labour protection as a factor that increases the value of manufactured products, including for countries with economies in transition. The purpose of the study is determined by the need to develop models that make it possible to assess the economic effect of the measures being introduced at enterprises of both the industrial and consulting sectors. The research methods are analytical and methods of modelling economic structures. The study determined that the cost of occupational injuries and occupational diseases, together with the cost-effectiveness of labour protection measures, are an important incentive for employers to take these measures. They were found to be particularly interested in whether the investment in the programme is cost-effective (the effect gives a good return on investment) or economically viable (the financial benefits are favourable). The authors demonstrate that most of the published intervention studies so far have focused on the effectiveness of interventions as opposed to their cost-effectiveness. Allocation of the developed methodological structure makes it possible to determine, this time by quantitative characteristics, the possibilities for structuring and achieving the goals set for the enterprise by the shareholders and production plans. The study defines the limits of using the interests of labour protection as a social structure in combination with the use of production planning methods. Further high-quality research is required to conduct a full economic assessment to be capable of drawing further conclusions regarding the cost-effectiveness of occupational safety measures from an employer's standpoint

scholarly journals Approach to assessment of the degree of adaptivity of business associations to external challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Oksana Pirogova ◽  
Irina Zhilinkova ◽  
Marina Makarevich
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Cost

Creation of an enabling environment for small and medium-sized businesses in the service sector, most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, is one of the most pressing challenges of the moment as never before. The purpose of the study is to analyze the current trends in the activities of business associations in a pandemic. Research objectives: to study the problems of SMEs, to consider the degree of adaptation of business associations to the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic. The study used the following methods: description, comparison, analogy and generalization, aggregation, analysis and synthesis. The results of the work are: analysis of the destabilizing factors that determine the current trends in the development of business associations; identification of promising types of commercial business services provided by business associations at the present time; author's approach to determining the economic effect of digitalization; an assessment of the economic effect of digitalization on the example of calculating the cost of one of the most demanded commercial services provided by business associations - a consulting seminar held online and offline.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TECHNOLOGY DIFFUSION-PRESSING EXTRACTION OF SUCROSE OUT FROM SUGAR-BEET COSSETTES

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.С. РЕШЕТОВА ◽  
В.О. ГОРОДЕЦКИЙ ◽  
С.О. СЕМЕНИХИН ◽  
Н.И. КОТЛЯРЕВСКАЯ
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Fresh Pulp ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Diffusion

Рассмотрены особенности диффузионного и диффузионно-прессового способов извлечения сахарозы из свекловичной стружки при работе на диффузионных аппаратах с наклонной, колонной и ротационной типами конструкции. Обосновано использование жомопрессовой воды в составе экстрагента. Дан расчет экономической эффективности применения диффузионно-прессового извлечения сахарозы из свекловичной стружки. Установлено, что при диффузионно-прессовом извлечении сахарозы из свекловичной стружки эффективность процесса достигается при величине отбора диффузионного сока 105–110% к массе свеклы при остаточном содержании сахарозы в свежем жоме 2,0–2,5% к его массе. Дальнейшее доизвлечение сахарозы прессованием до содержания сухих веществ 24–28% в прессованном жоме обеспечивает достижение потерь с прессованным жомом на уровне 0,35% к массе свеклы. Чистота возвращаемой в составе экстрагента жомопрессовой воды будет примерно равной чистоте клеточного сока и не окажет существенного влияния на чистоту диффузионного сока. Ожидаемый экономический эффект от перехода на диффузионно-прессовый способ извлечения сахарозы составит 62–72 млн р. для завода производительностью 4000 т свеклы в сутки, а производственный сезон сократится на 10–12 сут. Features of diffusion and diffusion-pressing methods of extraction of sucrose from sugar-beet cossettes are considered when working on diffusion apparatus with inclined, column and rotational types of construction. The use of pulp water as part of the extracting is substantiated. The cost-effectiveness of realization diffusion-pressing extraction of sucrose from sugar-beet cossettes is estimated. It was established that the effective extraction is carried out at a flow rate of the diffusion juice of 105–110% to beet mass, reaching a residual sucrose content in fresh pulp 2,0–2,5% to its mass. Further extraction of sucrose by pressing to a solids content of 24–28% in pressed pulp provides achievement of losses with pressed pulp at 0,35% to beet mass. The expected economic effect of shifting to a diffusion-pressing method of sucrose extraction is 62–72 million rubles for a factory with a capacity of 4000 tons of beet per day, and also the production season is reduced by 10–12 days.

scholarly journals Economic evidence with respect to cost-effectiveness of the transitional care model among geriatric patients discharged from hospital to home: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Kast ◽  
Carl-Philipp Wachter ◽  
Oliver Schöffski ◽  
Martina Rimmele
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Care Model ◽  
Care Coordinator ◽  
Hospital To Home ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background The German hospital-to-home discharge management of geriatric patients has long been criticized. The implementation of the American Transitional Care Model (TCM) could help to reduce readmissions and costs. The objective of this review was to check the scientific evidence of the cost-effectiveness of the TCM. Methods A systematic literature search in six databases for the time period of 26 years was conducted. The studies had to meet all pre-defined inclusion criteria. The data extraction is based on a criteria chart from literature. The methodological quality was assessed using the tools of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute as well as the Consensus Health Economic Criteria list. The results transferability to German health care system was explained based on the criteria from the literature. Results Three American studies met all criteria. They showed partial cost analyses but no full economic analyses. It could be assumed that the economic effect of the TCM changes over time. The costs of a care coordinator could not be determined because few detailed information was reported. The TCM may have negative consequences for hospitals. The results are not transferable to Germany. Conclusion There is no scientific evidence for the cost-effectiveness of the defined TCM. The optimal TCM duration still needs to be clarified. A detailed overview with units and prices and an additional consideration of the hospital perspective could help to make the information more transparent when deciding about the TCM implementation. A full economic analysis under German conditions or for similar European countries is necessary.

scholarly journals Effective Cluster Model of Thermal Power Company Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Vira Chevhanova ◽  
Kseniia Chichulina ◽  
Vitaliya Skryl
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Power Company ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the need for cluster formations; to identify the influence factors on the creation of a cluster of thermal power companies in Poltava region. The method of evaluating the efficiency of formation of this cluster has been developed.The methodological framework of this research is general scientific dialectical method of cognition, in which the research object is studied as a dynamic system in the process of its development. The formation of the main directions of thermal power company development was carried out on the basis of dialectical, historical and systematic methods. In the process of studying and generalization of scientific and practical development methods of comparison, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were applied. Also the study is based on regulatory and economic instruments, economical studies and studies of scientific research institutions.As a result of the study the main participants of the cluster formation were identified. So it may be comprised of the members of the cluster, generating thermal energy, the thermal energy consumers and the region where the cluster of thermal power companies will be formed. According to the participants of cluster associations the factors of influence on economic and social effect from implementation of the cluster thermal power companies in the Poltava region were formed. We determined that to reduce the rate for thermal energy it is necessary to conduct a number of activities. The application of the proposed measures will significantly reduce the services cost of thermal power companies. The cost of thermal energy and the distribution among the participants of cluster associations were calculated on the example of Poltava region utility production enterprise of heat economy "Poltavateploenergo". The participants are heat producers, transport companies, distribution and heat supply companies, repair work companies, construction work enterprises. It is established that the overall effect of cluster members has both quantitative and qualitative nature. The impact on consumers is qualitative. It is based on the fact that the tariff for consumers remained unchanged in the medium term (five years). The essence of economic effect is in the quality and timeliness of services thermal management. The overall effect of its work influences all members. It occurs when there is the formation and implementation of cluster thermal power companies.But in addition to the advantages of cluster associations its major problems were presented in the work. Among them there are the following problems: the lack of informativeness of executive authorities and business representatives in the application of the cluster approach; the lack of public policy to ensure the systematic approach and organization of interaction between different levels of executive authorities in the implementation of cluster projects; lack of institutional and financial support to cluster initiatives; lack of trained personnel in the organizational aspects of cluster technologies; the lack of effective methodological base for the application of cluster technologies. Scientific novelty of received results is the development and calculation of economic effect from the formation of a cluster of thermal power companies both at the regional level and at the level of the enterprise and the consumer.  

The use of mathematical model approach to select direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V Malchikova ◽  
N.S Maksimchuk-Kolobova ◽  
M.V Kazakovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the clinical and economic effectiveness of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) - dabigatran/D, rivaroxaban/R, apixaban/A compared with warfarin/W in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods The mathematical model (MM) was used (decision-tree building- DTB) to assess the clinical and economic effectiveness of the DOAC use in comparison with W in the AF treatment. MM was based on the results of basic clinical trials on the use of D (RE-LY); R (ROCKET) and A (ARISTOTLE). MM was carried out on a time horizon of 5 years from the perspective of the healthcare system (HS). The method of cost-effectiveness analysis CER. CER = DC/Ef, CER is the cost-effectiveness balance of the alternative, DC is direct costs, Ef is the number of adjusted life years (ALY) and adjusted life years without complications (ALYC). Budget Impact Analysis. BIA = S (1) − S (2), BIA is the result of the analysis of “impact on the budget”, in monetary terms; S (l) – the total economic effect of the use of one drug, in monetary terms; S (2) – the total economic effect of the use of another drug, in monetary terms. Analysis of “lose opportunities”. MOA = ΔS/Costmin, MOA is the result of the analysis of “lose opportunities”, ΔS is the difference in the total economic effects of the two compared drugs, Costmin is the cost of using the lowest cost drugs. Results The MM showed that as a result of pair-wise comparison the DOAC and W, the greatest DC were in group of treatment with the W. The total costs when using D were 10.3% less and amounted to 4129711 against 4605164 rub. per 100 patients. The cost of using R is 5.2% less (4887744 against 5156589); using A by 10.9% (3946528 against 4433820). The greatest difference was due to the different costs of adverse drug reaction treatment (30–38% in the cost structure). In the D group, this cost component was less than the W -by 22.0%, in the R – by 10.9%, in the A – by 36.8%. Costs associated with ischemic stroke treatment were less then 28.1% in the D group. The strategy of using DOAK compared with W allows to provide a greater number of ALY and ALYC – 4, 34 and 4.3 when comparing D and W, 4.3 and 4.25 when R and W; and 4.25 and 4.2 – A and W. ALYC respectively – 3.92 and 3.79; 3.51 and 3.6; 3.9 and 3.74. The cost of ALY is 9516.65 against 10706.45 rub; 11,374.34/12123.81; 9,295.19/10547.31. The cost of ALYC respectively: 10,534.98 against 12150.83 rub.; 13,925.20/14733.11 and 10119.3/11855.13. The use of DOAK allows to save significant public funds, and the savings saved allow to treat the patients in addition by modern drugs. Savings up to 12% in 5 years, while up to 33 patients out of 1000 can be treated additionally. Conclusion DC resulting from the prevention of thromboembolic complications when using DOAC in comparison with W can be reduced by 28.1%, hemorrhagic complications by 36.8%. DOAC can save a greater number of ALY and ALYC at a lower cost. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cost-effectiveness of Routine Medical Examinations and Follow-up at a Krasnodar Territorial Outpatient Clinic

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
E.V. Bolotova ◽  
◽  
I.V. Kovrigina ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Clinical Hospital ◽  
Health Group ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical Examinations

Study Objective: To assess the cost-effectiveness of preventive measures —routine medical examinations and follow-up — for health group IIIa patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the ambulatory and outpatient department of the Research Institute of Territorial Clinical Hospital No. 1 (a Krasnodar Government-funded Healthcare Institution) in 2015-2018. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using data collected in 2015 and 2018 during routine medical examinations of adults registered in the territory covered by the ambulatory and outpatient department of Research Institute of Territorial Clinical Hospital No. 1 (a Krasnodar Government-funded Healthcare Institution), as well as 2015-2018 follow-up data on health group IIIa patients with CVD. Comprehensive analysis was done, including estimation of the number of potentially prevented deaths from cardiocirculatory diseases (CCD) of working-age (WA) and economically active (EA) persons for a ten-year period; estimation of costs of years of life saved, including the direct costs of regular medical examinations, using a cost-effectiveness modification of cost-benefit analysis; and comparison of the total cost of years of life saved for CVD patients with average per capita income. Study Results: Regular medical examinations performed in 2015 prevented a total of 33.25 deaths from CCD in a ten-year period: 2.14 deaths within 10 years among WA persons and 5.90 deaths within 10 years among EA persons (up to age 72). Regular medical examinations performed in 2018 and three-year follow-up (of patients with CVD) prevented a total of 38.36 deaths from CCD in a ten-year period: 3.77 deaths within 10 years among WA persons and 13.21 deaths within 10 years among EA persons. For the period 2015-2018 the number of years of life saved in WA patients increased from 22.74 to 49.05. In EA persons the number of years of life saved increased from 25.04 to 63.80. The gain in years of life saved was observed primarily in women, for whom it increased by 30.72, from 21.83 in 2015 to 52.55 in 2018. The costs of the first step of regular medical examinations per patient increased by 36 rubles and 73 kopecks from 2015 to 2018. Over this period the cost of a year of life saved decreased by 50.65%, which suggests that regular medical examinations are effective. This trend towards reduction in the cost of a year of life saved was observed in both WA and EA persons. The cost of treatment for health group IIIa patients with CVD increased by 81,48% in 2015-2018. Calculation of the total costs of a year of life saved, including the direct cost of regular medical examinations and follow-up of health group III patients with CVD, showed that this parameter decreased by 42.1% (22,253 rubles and 95 kopecks) in 2015-2018. This is explained by the increased number of years of life saved and an increase in the number of health group IIIa patients. This trend towards reduction in the cost of a year of life saved was observed both in WA and EA patients. Reduction in the total cost of a year of life saved for health group IIIa patients with CVD was observed simultaneously with an increase in per capita income by 44.7% (from 31,440 rubles to 45,499 rubles) in 2015-2018. Conclusion: Regular medical examinations in 2015 and 2018 and three-year follow-up had a clear economic effect, namely reduction in the cost of a year of life saved by 50.65% for WA and EA persons and reduction in the total cost of a year of life saved by 42.1% for health group IIIa patients with CVD who were followed up. Keywords: regular medical examinations, medical follow-up, economic effect.

scholarly journals TRANSACTION COSTS OF AN ORGANIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF INFORMATIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
E.A. Gurianova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Information Management Systems ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the research topic is caused by an increase in the scale of growth of the process of informatization of economy. An essential condition for the effective functioning of business is organization of uninterrupted functioning of system of collecting, processing and storing information. In the context of increasing complexity and dynamics of both the external and internal environment of organization, it increasingly leads to need to use information management systems. This process influences the size and structure of organization’s transaction costs. The problem of optimizing transaction costs in the context of global business informatization was caused by the increasing complexity of social and economic interactions, as well as the increase in the volume and speed of information exchange. In these circumstances, the management of companies should analyze the structure, dynamics and sources of growth of transaction costs. That will allow the most efficient use of the resource potential of organizations. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes in transaction costs in the context of business informatization. This article uses the method of scientific analysis and synthesis. Thus, the article analyzes statistical data on the use of information technologies in domestic companies, as well as data on the economic effect of introduction of information systems. Further, based on the synthesis of the identified trends using the author’s classification of transaction costs, an assessment of the impact of reducing transaction costs from introduction of an information system on performance indicators of organization was carried out. The paper analyzes the level of business informatization in the Russian Federation, analyzes the impact of information technologies on performance of a firm, establishes the relationship between transaction costs and level of business informatization. The research results lead to the following conclusions. The introduction of modern information technologies in activities of organizations leads to decrease in transaction costs by increasing reliability of information database and transparency of organization’s information flows. This allows you to optimize the process of making management decisions in conditions of uncertainty, reduce the cost of doing business and, as a result, increase efficiency of organization.

scholarly journals Clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis of the methods of therapy and prevention of andrological pathologies using drugs based on ozone and nano-biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (99) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
S. V. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Cost

Practical implementation of the latest pharmacological developments is possible provided that their clinical and economic efficiency is assessed. At the same time, the issues of economic feasibility of using the latest diagnostic techniques, as well as means of therapy and prevention of the male reproductive pathologies system remain poorly studied. The aim of the work was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of methods of therapy and prevention of andrological diseases with drugs based on ozonated and nanobiomaterials. The following research tasks were set: to establish the clinical and economic effectiveness of the method of therapy of males for nonspecific balanoposthitis with ozone-containing drugs OCO and Prozon and to determine the economic effect of treatment and prevention methods of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases in males using drugs based on nanobiomatersals. Clinical and economic efficacy of the treatment method of males with nonspecific balanoposthitis was established by estimating the cost of treatment of animals group with OCO and Prozon by changes in the diseaseduration from treatment to recovery of the fetus compared with conventional antibiotic therapy. The economic effect of therapy and prevention methodsof alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases was evaluated by changes in sperm quality and calculated the average number of additional sperm doses received from the males. The duration of the period from the beginning of treatment to recovery in boars with the use of ozone-containing drugs was: when using OKO – 6.7 ± 0.18 days, and Prozon – 6.1 ± 0.21 days, which was less by 0.9–1.5 days compared with the introduction of gentamicin ointment. And in bulls when using the drug OKO – by 6.7 ± 0.33 days, and Prozon – 5.14 ± 0.26 days, which was less by 1.1–2.7 days. At the same time, the cost of treatment of one male has decreased by 42.3 % with the use of OKO and 37.5 % – Prozon. Despite the higher cost of the drug Prozon, its use is more effective due to faster recovery of the malts. An increase in ejaculate volume, sperm motility, concentration based on the results of correction of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases has been established; the number of sperm with morphological abnormalities, on the other side, was probably reduced. The complex drug “Karafand+OV,Zn” had a high economic effect due to the possibility of additional receipt 6 spermodoses from the boar and 22 from the bull for the correction of reproductive diseases of the alimentary type and 6 spermodoses from the boar and 20 from the bull – toxic type.

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