scholarly journals WALL HOSCHMENZIL IN THE VALLEY RUBAS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Gmyrya
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
The West ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
Country Road ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village

The Khoshmenzil Wall is a new archaeological site discovered in the lower reaches of the river. Rubas, on the northern outskirts of the village. Rubas of Derbent region of the Republic of Dagestan. It received its designation from the old name of the village located in the place of its location - with. Hochmenzil [Nice place]. The archaeological site is the 6th section of a stone wall preserved on a country road in the northern outskirts of the village. Rubas.The article presents materials from the exploration excavations of this monument, carried out in 2020. The purpose of the research was to determine the functional belonging of the construction site, establish its dating and possible belonging to the barrage defensive line noted in written sources of the mid-18th century. in the lower reaches of the river. Rubas. The relevance of the study was due to the development of the problem of the structure and layout of a large defensive complex of the middle of the 6th century. - Rubas fortification, located 2 km to the west on the left bank of the river. Rubas.The tasks of excavating a new archaeological site were to identify the structure and layout of the structure, to determine the technology of its construction and the degree of preservation.The construction is a section of a stone wall, erected by armour-clad technique from processed stone blocks. The southern facade of the wall with a length of 3.6 m and an adjoining section of backfilling, including torn stone and lime mortar, have been preserved. The stone blocks of the wall are installed using the "poke-spoon" technology. The base of the wall is placed on a stone fill, consisting of torn stone, filled with lime mortar. The height of the preserved section of the wall is 0.6 m. The section of the wall is located on the left bank of the river, it is oriented along with its channel (W – E).The preliminary dating of the monument was determined by the features of the facade design and masonry technology within the middle of the 6th century.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF RUBAS FORTIFICATION in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1139
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Gmyrya ◽  
Vadim A. Saidov ◽  
Yusup A. Magomedov
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Stone Wall ◽  
Tower Structure ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Village ◽  
Technological Methods

The article presents preliminary data on the excavations of the Rubas fortification complex in 2020. The archaeological site is located in the lower reaches of the river. Rubas, near the village. Commune of the Derbent region of the Republic of Dagestan, 20 km south-west of the city of Derbent. The monument was discovered in 2014 by local residents. The work on its research is carried out by the Rubass archaeological expedition of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS ​​(head of the expedition LB Gmyrya). In 2014, 2016–2018 four military engineering structures were identified and investigated: 1) an arched tower structure; 2) stone wall No. 1, attached to the arched structure from the north; 3) monumental stone defensive wall No. 2, oriented in the south-north direction (28 m section was explored); 4) stone wall no. 3, attached to wall no. 2 from the east, oriented west-east (section 5 was investigated). The excavations were carried out with the financial support of projects by the RFBR-Dagestan (2014) and RFBR (2016–2018) funds. It was established: 1) the undoubted belonging of the archaeological site on the Rubas River to the monumental defensive structures; 2) a complex, multifaceted structure and layout; 3) a variety of technological methods for laying massive blocks into walls; 4) careful processing of stone blocks; 5) the use of a fastening solution using lime and special brackets for fastening the blocks of the facade part of buildings. However, the scale of the Rubas defense complex and the uniqueness of its location at the bottom of the Rubas River valley determine the presence of problematic issues related to the topography and planning of this object.

scholarly journals Mordva-Murza from Bashkiria: The History of Formation and Ethno-cultural Features of Ethnic-Class Community

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248
Author(s):  
Ranus R. Sadikov
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Class Community

Introduction. One of the regions of compact settlement of the Mordovian people is the Republic of Bashkortostan. The Mordovian population of the region was formed during the resettlement migration process of the ethnic groups to the Bashkir lands in the 17th and early 20th centuries. There is a small stand-out group of Mordva-Erzya in Bashkiria. They call themselves Murza and they have their own identity. They live in the village of Kozhay-Andreevo in the Tuimazinskiy district and in the village of Kozhay-Maximovo in the Ermekeevskiy district. Materials and Methods. This work attempts to reconstruct the history of formation of the class community of Mordva-Murza and to identify its ethno-cultural features. The study is based on the principle of historicism; the main methods are historical-genetic, comparative-historical, and problematic-chronological. Results. Based on the study of published sources and literature, it is shown the chronology and the main stages of the formation of the Mordva-Murza community in Bashkiria. It was revealed, this community was formed on the basis of a resettlement group of the Mordovian sluzhilye-served people in the 18th century. Field ethnographic materials testify to their ethno-cultural identity. Discussion and Conclusion. Mordva living in the villages under consideration can be defined as a separate ethnic-class community, which has its own identity, self-name, specific linguistic and ethno-cultural characteristics. In their language and culture, it is interweaved both Erzya and Moksha traits. Almost disintegrated in the 1980s the community of the “Kazhay Murzas” began to revive in the year of 2000. The observations show the desire of the inhabitants and natives from these villages to preserve and develop their “Murza language” and traditions.

A Ball Court Located on the San Pedro River in Southeastern Arizona

1951 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Dipeso
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
River Channel ◽  
The West ◽  
San Pedro River ◽  
The North ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Cochise County ◽  
Desert Flora ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The Amerind Foundation, Inc. spent the first three weeks of December, 1948, excavating a ball court at the archaeological site of Arizona:BB:15:3, which is located in Cochise County, Sec. 20, T15S, R20E. The actual village area is located on the west bank of the San Pedro River twenty-two miles north of the city of Benson at an approximate elevation of 3300 feet.The ball court was located in the north half of the village on a terrace some forty feet above the river channel. It appeared as a shallow but conspicuous oval depression which was overgrown with mesquite trees and other desert flora of the Sonoran plateau type. Fortunately the court had not been disturbed by any previous excavations nor by erosion (Fig. 86, a).

scholarly journals Revisited the localization of fortifications of the 18th century on the surroundings of village of Braha in Khmelnytsky region

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Harlan
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
General Description ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The Village

The results of the survey of the territories of the village Braga in the Khmelnytsky region, which is in close proximity to Khotyn Fortress, are highlighted in this article. A general description of the sources that were the fortifications of the left bank of the Dnister River opposite the Khotyn Fortress according to the modern landscape, is presented.

scholarly journals Wall paintings from the late 15th century in the Monastery church of St. Paraskeve - Brajcino

2007 ◽  
pp. 549-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktorija Popovska-Korobar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
The West ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Lake Prespa ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Last Judgment ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Church

The Monastery of St. Paraskevy is located above the village Brajcino, on the east shore of Lake Prespa in the Republic of Macedonia. In accordance with the incomplete donor?s inscription this one aisle church with a pitched roof was built and decorated at the same time. Reparations came around 1800, when rebuilding was done on the longitudinal walls and the narthex (without fresco decoration). The fresco paintings from the 15th century are preserved on the west facade, and on the east and west wall of the naos. The decorative program in the interior was common for the small type monastery churches without narthex. From the old edifice, on the corner of the outside southwest wall visible are remains of figures, a monk and a man in laymen?s attire facing eastward. The iconographic program of the west facade is interesting for the scenes which encompass the patrons niche: a reduced Last Judgment (Royal Deesis, Hell and Paradise, where the monk Pahomios above the gate is depicted in prayer) and the equestrian figures of St. George and St. Mena. A parallel for the rare iconography of St. Mena with the tamed beasts is found in an unpublished icon, which most probably was painted in the last quarter of the 15th century, and is kept presently on the iconostasis of the church of Panagia tou Apostolaki in Kastoria. In accordance with all the considered characteristics by means of comparative analysis, we assume that the anonymous master could be an individual who belonged to the painting workshops which are credited for painting the church of St. Nicholas of the nun Eupraxia in Kastoria. We suppose the painter worked in Brajcino soon after the year 1486 and before 1493, when the decoration of the church in Kremikovci was completed, in which he most likely took part as a member of another large workshop. Regarding the question about the origins of the style of the 'master from the 1480?s', the paper articulates an opinion that they should be traced not only in the long painting traditions of Kastoria and Ohrid, but also in the collaboration of the masters and the spread of their works in these two important centers of the Ohrid Archbishopric.

scholarly journals ENSEMBLE OF CONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE CASTLE OF RICOTE (MURCIA, SPAIN)

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 1011-1016
Author(s):  
I. Almela ◽  
L. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Rammed Earth ◽  
The West ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Stratigraphic Analysis ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Village

Abstract. The Castle of Ricote, also known as Los Peñascales, is a fortification on a steep hill of the Ricote Valley overlooking the Vega Media of the Segura River, to the east, and the village of Ricote to the west. According to written sources, the history of this castle dates back from the ninth century. However, its military and administrative weight persisted even after the Christian conquest, when it became the headquarters of the Order of Santiago, until the fifteenth century. Despite its poor state of repair, the use of the castle overtime can be established on the site by means of a rather complex sequence of phases and a very heterogeneous set of construction techniques. Although it has been hard to accomplish a complete analysis, in this paper we have attempted a stratigraphic analysis and a synthesis of the techniques used in the medieval interventions, which are highly relevant due to their diversity and special features. Among them, the following have been covered: stonework with lime mortar built through shuttering, rammed earth, and lime-crusted rammed earth. In addition, the two main phases detected, and their respective techniques will also be underlined, since they are present consistently throughout the whole castle.

Fortress in the village of Achabet in the Republic of South Ossetia According to Written Sources and Historiographic Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Eduard V. Kaziev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Village ◽  
Written Sources

The fortress in the village of Achabet is known from a number of written sources of the early 15th and 18th centuries. Despite this circumstance, in the scientific tradition it is contradictory to believe that the first information about the fortress contained in written sources refers to the events of the middle of the 16th century, and the lower limit of several periods of its construction is correlated by researchers with the same time. The presence of a contradiction between the information about the fortress contained in written sources and the presentation of this information in the scientific tradition determined the relevance of this study. The aim of the study, therefore, was to resolve this contradiction by analyzing and comparing the known information from written sources about this monument with information about it contained in the historical and linguistic literature, as well as with descriptions of the monument presented in the literature on the history of fortifications of the Transcaucasia. This comparison, in turn, made it possible to present a possible chronology of the construction of a number of objects that made up the complex of the monument over several periods of its construction. According to the results of the study, it is assumed that the tower and the adjacent semicircle of the first fortress wall were erected at the turn of the 13th–14th centuries, the second fortress wall was built along the first in the second half of the 15th century, and the third wall, the largest in terms of area covered, was erected in the 30-s of the 18th century. The materials for the study were written sources, as well as information about field examinations of the monument, available in the scientific tradition. The research was carried out on the basis of the method of comparative historical analysis.

scholarly journals EVOLUTION OF THE RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEW AND MODERN RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN THE СHUVASH VILLAGE OF SOUTH URALS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE VILLAGE OF KOSH-ELGA, BIZHBULYAKSKY DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN)

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
IGOR G. PETROV ◽  
◽  
EKATERINA А. IAGAFOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Temple ◽  
The Church

The article examines the confessional situation, as well as the transformation of religion and religious practices at the present stage, using the example of the Chuvash village of Kosh-Elga in the Bizhbulyak district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Religious practices are considered in historical dynamics, starting from the last quarter of the 18th century. In addition, the influence of the parish and the church on the religion of the villagers and their ritual culture is shown: calendar and funeral and memorial rituals. The study showed that the religious situation in the village during the 18th -20th centuries developed in the direction of a gradual transition from paganism to Orthodoxy. The Chuvash settlers who settled on the Bashkir lands, although they were considered new Baptists, were actually adherents of the old, i.e., pagan religion. After the construction of the temple in the last quarter of the 19th century in the religion and religious practices of the villagers, Orthodox-pagan syncretism began to strengthen and assert itself...

Seuthopolis

Antiquity ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (138) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter P. Dimitrov
Keyword(s):  
Left Bank ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
The Village ◽  
River Banks ◽  
Natural Barriers

The site of the Thracian city of Seuthopolis lies about 8 km. to the west of Kazanluk, in the famous Valley of Roses, between the Balkan Range and the Sredna Gora Mountains. A spacious terraced area was formed by the erosion of the River Toundja (the ancient Thracian Tonsus); this is bounded to the north and east by a sloping plateau, on the site of the villages of Koprinka and Dounavtsi; and to the south, the steep slopes of the heights (site of the village of Morozovo (formerly Gorno Cherkovishté), the last of the Sredna Gora foothills, dropped down to the river banks. The last and lowest step of this terraced area projects deep into the bends of the Toundja to the south, forming a peninsula, or tongue of land, the banks of which are 4 to 5 m. in height; to the west and south it is bounded by the River Toundja, and to the east the Golyama Varovitsa or Chiflikchiiska River, a small, but always swiftly flowing tributary of the Toundja, guards its approaches. The Thracian city of Seuthopolis was situated precisely on this spot, called ‘Chiflika’ (The Farm), on the left bank of the River Toundja, defended from the west, south and east by natural barriers of water (PLATE IX).

scholarly journals Distribution of Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas, 1771) (Agamidae, Reptilia) in the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
K. M. Akhmedenov ◽  
◽  
A. G. Bakiev ◽  
U. S. Mukhambetova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The Republic ◽  
West Kazakhstan

Based on the results of our 2017–2021 field research, the coordinates of 17 meeting points of the sunwatcher toadhead agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus) (Pallas, 1771) in the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are given, from 49°17.256'N, 48°14.048'E in the North to 46°34.330'N, 55°49.319'E in the South. The northern limit of the modern distribution in the Volga-Ural (Volga-Zhaiyk) interfluve is the saline in the Aral-sor lacustrine-saline depression and the Baigutta sor-liman depression in the left bank of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River. The sunwatcher toadhead agama habitats are confined to open spaces with salt lakes and sors. The dependence of the body’s upper side colour of sunwatcher toadhead agamas on the general background of the substrate is illustrated, namely: the colour is brown or dark grey on dark substrates, and light grey or ashy on light substrates. The history of the description of the species by P. S. Pallas and I. I. Lepekhin is briefly considered. According to the original and literary data the modern north-western border of the habitat, passing through the West Kazakhstan and the adjacent regions of the Russian Federation, has been clarified. It goes from the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, through Makhambet district of the Atyrau region, Krasnoyarsk and Kharabalinsky districts of the Astrakhan region, Kurmangazinsky district of the Atyrau region, Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region, Bokeyordinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region, Pallasovsky district of the Volgograd region, and Kaztalovsky and Akzhayik districts of the West Kazakhstan region.

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