scholarly journals Assessing the Flexibility of Recycled Asphalt Concrete Pavement

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Saad Issa Sarsam ◽  
Mohammed Chaloob Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Applied Loading ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Asphalt Concrete Pavement

Utilizing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new asphalt mixtures has increased in recent years because of its economic and environmental benefits. The flexibility of the recycled asphalt concrete (with cutback and emulsion) in terms of resilient modulus (Mr), rutting resistance, and permanent microstrain have been investigated in this work. Cylindrical specimens of 102 mm in diameter and 102 mm in height have been prepared from the recycled mixture after the short-term aging process. Specimens were subjected to 1200 repeated compressive stresses at (25) ºC. The vertical permanent microstrain was monitored through video capture. It was concluded that RAP mixture can hold the applied loading with minimal permanent deformation as compared to the recycled mixtures. The resilient modulus is lower by (24 and 39) % for mixes recycled with cutback and emulsion respectively as compared to that of RAP. The rate of strain (slope) increases by 11 % and 4 % when cutback and emulsion were implemented as recycling agent respectively as compared to that for RAP mixture.

scholarly journals Influence of Additives on Permanent Deformation and Resilient Modulus of Recycled Asphalt Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Mustafa Shakir Mahdi ◽  
Prof. saad Isa Sarsam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Compressive Stress ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Tests were performed on asphalt concrete specimens with (101.6 mm in diameter and 101.6 mm in height), and the results were implemented for calculating permanent deformation and resilient modulus under repeated compressive stress with different levels of stresses (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa at 40 ºC. Two types of additives namely (carbon black-asphalt) and (SBR-asphalt) were tried as rejuvenators with three percentages of (0.5, 1 and 1.5) % by weight of asphalt cement along with two ratios of AC (1 and 2) % have been implemented as rejuvenator and blended with the reclaimed asphalt concrete. Aged materials were obtained from the site. 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement material from the reclaimed mixture is implemented. A set of (3) specimens were prepared for every mixture; three specimens were tested under (repeated compressive stress) at each level of stress. The objective of this work was to study the effect of two types of additives (Styrene-Butadiene-Rubber (SBR) and carbon black) on the performance of recycled asphalt concrete mixture. It was concluded that the Resilient modulus (Mr) at (0.138 and 0.206) MPa stress level decreases by (14, 22 and 8) % and (22, 34 and 11) for reclaimed and recycle mixtures with (carbon black-asphalt and SBR-asphalt) respectively when compared with that at 0.068 MPa. Permanent deformation for recycled mixtures with (carbon black-asphalt and SBR-asphalt) increased by (65.9, 4.54) %, (146.6, 27.2) % and (79, 5.5) % at level of stresses (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa respectively when compared to reclaimed mixture.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Resilient Modulus and Fatigue Resistance of AC-BC Mixture with Full Extracted Asbuton and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Thopan Andhika Putra ◽  
Bambang Sugeng Subagio ◽  
Eri Susanto Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Marshall Test

Abstract One way to be developed to overcome challenges in providing flexible pavement materials is to apply the green roads principle by reusing some or all of the old road pavement material or Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as a material for new road pavement, which if reused will affect the performance of the mixture, such as decreasing the level of durability and premature pavement damage, so an effort must be made to improve the performance of the recycled material, namely by adding full extracted Asbuton and rejuvenating materials. The RAP material was obtained from scratching the asphalt of the Jagorawi Toll Road. The mixture used was asphalt concrete-binder course (AC-BC) layer using 30%, 40%, and 50% RAP material, using full extracted Asbuton at 6%, and Nichireki rejuvenating material. Then, on mixtures with RAP material, Marshall Test, Resilient Modulus test with UMATTA, and resistance to fatigue with four points loading test with strain control were conducted. The use of RAP material with modified asphalt in the form of an addition of full extracted Asbuton into the Pen 60/70 Asphalt can increase the asphalt stiffness. Marshall test results showed that a mixture with 6% full extracted asbuton content and 0% RAP material content (A6RAP0) gave the highest stability value. The results of the Resilient Modulus test showed that the mixture with 6% full extracted asbuton content and 50% RAP material content (A6RAP50) gave a high Resilient Modulus value at a test temperature of 45oC. The results of the fatigue resistance test showed that the mixture with 6% full extracted asbuton content and 50% RAP material content (A6RAP50) at a strain level of 300 µε gave the longest fatigue life. Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), full extracted asbuton, asphalt concrete -binder course, modified asphalt, resilient modulus, fatigue life. Abstrak Salah satu cara dikembangkan untuk mengatasi tantangan dalam penyediaan material perkerasan lentur adalah menerapkan prinsip greenroads dengan memanfaatkan kembali sebagian atau keseluruhan material perkerasan jalan lama atau Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) sebagai material untuk perkerasan jalan yang baru, dimana jika digunakan kembali akan mempengaruhi kinerja dari campuran seperti penurunan tingkat durabilitas dan kerusakan dini perkerasan, sehingga harus dilakukan suatu upaya untuk memperbaiki kinerja dari material daur ulang tersebut, yaitu dengan penambahan Asbuton murni dan bahan peremaja. Material RAP didapatkan dari hasil garukan aspal Jalan Tol Jagorawi. Campuran yang dipakai adalah Laston Lapis AC-BC menggunakan kadar material RAP sebanyak 30%, 40%, dan 50%, dengan penggunaan Asbuton murni sebesar 6%, serta bahan peremaja Nichireki, dan kemudian selanjutnya pada campuran dengan penggunaan material RAP dilakukan pengujian Marshall, Modulus Resilien dengan alat UMATTA dan ketahanan terhadap kelelahan (fatigue) metode four points loading test dengan kontrol regangan. Penggunaan material RAP dengan aspal modifkasi berupa penambahan Asbuton murni kedalam Aspal Shell Pen 60/70 dapat meningkatkan kekakuan aspal. Hasil pengujian Marshall menunjukkan campuran dengan kadar Asbuton murni 6% dan kadar material RAP 0% (A6RAP0) memberikan nilai stabilitas tertinggi. Hasil pengujian Modulus Resilien menunjukkan campuran campuran dengan kadar Asbuton murni 6% dan kadar material RAP 50% (A6RAP50) memberikan nilai Modulus Resilien yang tinggi pada temperatur pengujian 45oC. Hasil pengujian ketahanan terhadap kelelahan menunjukkan campuran dengan kadar Asbuton murni 6% dan kadar material RAP 50% (A6RAP50) pada regangan 300 µε memberikan umur kelelahan yang paling panjang. Kata-kata kunci: Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), Asbuton murni, laston lapis antara, aspal modifikasi,  modulus resilien, umur kelelahan.  

scholarly journals The Challenges of Using Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for New Asphalt Mixtures: A Review

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Giulia Tarsi ◽  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Cesare Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
A Minor

Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) material mainly consists of removed asphalt concretes from existing infrastructures and, to a minor extent, of wasted or rejected mixes during the production processes. Being composed of two valuable non-renewable resources, i.e., aggregates and bituminous binder, its conscious use can ensure the sustainability of asphalt pavement construction. Thanks to the use of RAP material in new asphalt products, the USA saved 4.1 million tons of virgin binder and 78 million tons of virgin aggregates in 2018. Therefore, the use of RAP for the production of new asphalt formulations at the top of the recycling hierarchy is preferable instead of being down-cycled in low-value applications. The RAP material represents one of the most re-used construction products worldwide; in 2018, approximately 88% wt. and 72% wt. of RAP were used in USA and Europe, respectively, as aggregates for Hot, Warm and Cold Asphalt Mixtures and for unbound layers. Several studies have revealed positive responses of the recycled asphalt mixtures with high or very high content of RAP. However, the common practices of many countries still limit the RAP content to a 15–20% wt., on average, in the recycled asphalt mixes. The amount of RAP in asphalt concretes can be significantly increased by applying good management practices of the RAP, either processed or not, as well as novel production technologies and advanced mix design approaches. This manuscript aims to summarize the state-of-the-art of use of RAP aggregates in new asphalt mixtures. The economic and environmental benefits are also discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of Rutting Resistance and Healing for Stone Matrix Asphalt Concrete (SMAC)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Saad Issa Sarsam ◽  
Shahed Mahmood Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Rutting Resistance ◽  
Stone Matrix Asphalt ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Asphalt Content ◽  
Stone Matrix

Stone Matrix Asphalt Concrete (SMAC) is known as tough, stable, rut-resistant mixture. In this investigation, SMAC was prepared in the laboratory using gap graded aggregates, asphalt cement, mineral filler and coal fly ash as stabilizing agent. Specimens were prepared using static compaction to the target density based on asphalt content for each case. The prepared Specimens were subjected to the 1200 repeated compressive stresses at 25 ºC under various stress levels using the pneumatic repeated load system PRLS. Specimens were subjected to microcrack healing process by external heating for 120 minutes at 60 °C, then it practices another cycle of repeated compressive stresses. The resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and rutting resistance under three levels of stress have been assessed. It was concluded that the resilient modulus Mr increases by (66, 50 and 31) %, (36, 50 and 31) % and (62, 37 and 69) %, while the permanent deformation decreases by (25, 11.4 and 25) %, (19, 31.6 and 14.5) % and (14, 9 and 8.3) % after implementation of fly ash at (OAC-0.5, OAC and OAC+0.5) % binder content under (0.068, 0.138 and 0.206) MPa of repeated compressive stress respectively. The resilient modulus increased by (17.6, 15.3, 10.5) % , (42.8, 51, 37.5) % and (18.7, 25, 23.6) %  and the permanent deformation decline by (3.52, 31.66, 6.25) % under repeated compressive stresses of (0.068, 0.138, 0.206) MPa at (25 °C) after healing for mix with (4.6, 5.1, 5.6) % asphalt content  respectively when compared with mixtures before healing.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF RECYCLED ASPHALT PAVEMENT ON PROPERTIES OF FOAMED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siksha Swaroopa KAR ◽  
Aravind Krishna SWAMY ◽  
Devesh TIWARI ◽  
Pramod Kumar JAIN
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

In recent years, the use of foamed bitumen technology along with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement is gaining popularity across the world. The mechanical response of foamed bitumen mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement is significantly influenced by constituent material properties and aggregate gradation. This article presents results from a study where foamed bitumen mixtures conforming to Indian specifications were evaluated. For this purpose, foamed bitumen mixtures using a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement and bitumens were prepared. Initially, the foaming characteristics of virgin bitumens were evaluated to optimize for optimum water content and foaming temperature. In the second stage, mixture design was conducted to optimize for foamed bitumen content in foamed bitumen mixtures containing a different percentage of reclaimed asphalt pavement. Finally, these foamed bitumen mixtures were evaluated for their mechanical properties. The results from this laboratory study indicated properties of foamed bitumen and foamed mixtures are significantly influenced by properties of bitumen, the quantity of bitumen, and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Among the different mixtures, a mixture containing 50% reclaimed asphalt pavement exhibited best results in resilient modulus and resistance to moisture damage tests. A mixture containing 80% reclaimed asphalt pavement also shows acceptable strength and resistance to water susceptibility. Thus, it is possible to design high-quality bituminous mixes using higher reclaimed asphalt pavement percentages, which meet the required volumetric and desired performance criteria.

scholarly journals Influence of Liquid Asphalt on Resilient Modules and Permanent Deformation of Recycled Asphalt Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Mohammed Chaloob Saleem AL-Shujairy ◽  
Saad Isaa Sarsam
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Water Bath ◽  
Repeated Loading ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Tests were performed on Marshall samples and were implemented for permanent deformation and resilient modulus (Mr) under indirect tensile repeated loading (ITRL), with constant stress level. Two types of liquid asphalt (cutback and emulsion) were tried as recycling agents, aged materials that were reclaimed from field (100% RAP), samples were prepared from the aged mixture, and two types of liquid asphalt (cutback and emulsion) with a weight content of 0.5% were utilized to prepare a recycled mixture. A group of twelve samples was prepared for each mixture; six samples were tested directly for ITRL test (three samples at 25˚C and three samples at 40˚C), an average value for ITRL for every three samples was calculated (ITRL for unconditioned samples). The other six samples were placed in volumetric flask 4000-ml heavy- wall glass filled with water at 25˚C under a vacuum pressure of (3.74 kPa) for 5 to 10 minutes. Then the samples were put in deep freeze for 16 hours at -18˚C. The samples were frozen then were transported to a water bath at 60ºC for 24 hours. Then they were soaked in a water bath for 1 hour at 25ºC and tested for the ITRL test (three samples at 25˚C and three samples at 40˚C), the average value of ITRL for every three samples was calculated (ITRL for conditioned samples). It was concluded that the reduction in (Mr) at the Conditioned test as compared to the Unconditioned test was (29.5%, 22.27% and 9.09%) at 25˚C, while at 40˚C, the reduction was (21.28%, 15.53%, and 17.89%) for aged and recycled mixtures with (cutback), and (emulsion) respectively. The change in permanent deformation at the Conditioned test as compared to Unconditioned one was (76.19%, 75.61% and 53.22%) at 25˚C, while at 40˚C it was (56.48%, 35.19%, and 78.33%) for aged and recycled mixtures with (cutback), and (emulsion) respectively.  

scholarly journals Rutting and moisture-induced damage potential of foamed warm mix asphalt (WMA) containing RAP

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Rouzbeh Ghabchi ◽  
Musharraf Zaman ◽  
Syed Ashik Ali
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
Flow Number ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Wheel Tracking

AbstractDespite significant economic and environmental benefits, performance of warm mix asphalt (WMA) containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) remains a matter of concern. Among the current WMA technologies, the plant foaming technique (called “foamed WMA” in this study) has gained the most attention, since it eliminates the need for chemical additives. In the present study, the laboratory performance, namely rutting and moisture-induced damage potential of foamed WMA containing RAP were evaluated and compared with those of similar hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing identical amount of RAP. Dynamic modulus, Hamburg wheel tracking (HWT) and flow number tests were performed to assess the rutting resistance of the mixes. Also, stripping inflection point from HWT tests and tensile strength ratio after AASHTO T 283 and moisture induced sensitivity test (MIST) conditioning were used to evaluate the moisture-induced damage of asphalt mixes. It was found that MIST conditioning effectively simulates the moisture-induced damage and can capture the propensity of asphalt mixes to moisture damage more distinctly compared to AASHTO T 283 method due to application of cyclic loadings. The foamed WMA was found to exhibit higher rutting and moisture-induced damage potential due to lower mixing and compaction temperatures compared to HMA. However, the increase in RAP content was found to reduce rutting and moisture-induced damage potential for WMA. Therefore, the lower stiffness of foamed WMA may be compensated with the addition of stiffer binder from RAP.

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