scholarly journals Screening Gogo Rice Local Aceh Cultivars Drought Tolerant Under Polyetilene Glycol 6000

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-210
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahril ◽  
Syamsul Bahri ◽  
Rhido Suhada
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Germination Stage

Efforts for increasing rice production nationally, it is necessary to increase the productivity of a land. Utilization of marginal lands like drought land potential to increase rice production nationally. One effort to utilize marginal land like dry land is the use of high-yielding drought tolerant varieties. Until now high-yielding drought tolerant varieties still relatively rare. For this reason, it is necessary to create high-yielding drought tolerant varieties from plant breeding program. One of the standard programs in plant breeding to create high-yielding drought tolerant varieties is provision of genetic material as parental. Local varieties gogo rice Drought-tolerant potential to be used as parental in the plant breeding program to create of high-yielding drought tolerant rice varieties. For this reason, it is necessary to test drought tolerance of local rice cultivars. The study used 10 cultivars exploration results in East Aceh Regency namely Gameso, Sibengkok, Ramos Gunung, Sidol, Sigedul, Rias Kuning, Rias putih, Sibontok, Serumu, and Sileso. Drought tolerance testing using PEG solution (Polyethylene Glycol) 6000 156. 75 g / liter of H2O which is equivalent to the osmotic potential of -3 BAR and aquades as control (0 BAR) an germination stage and early vegetative stage. The results of the study show that 10 cultivars tested in the germination stage, 6 cultivars were selected as drought tolerant cultivars. Furthermore, 6 cultivars tested in the early vegetative stage showed the ability to recover at day 35 and then at day 42 showed no symptoms of drought. 6 drought tolerant cultivars are Gameso, Ramos Gunung, Sigedul, Rias Kuning, Sibontok, and Sileso.

scholarly journals Drought tolerance in selected aerobic and upland rice varieties is driven by different metabolic and antioxidative responses

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Melandri ◽  
Hamada AbdElgawad ◽  
Kristýna Floková ◽  
Diaan C. Jamar ◽  
Han Asard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Biomass Loss ◽  
Osmotic Acclimation

Abstract Main conclusions Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. Abstract A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

scholarly journals Selection of drought-tolerant rice varieties from the rice variety bank of Can Tho university

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Tin Q. Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Rice Improvement

Drought has been a big problem and damaged seriously to rice cultivation and production in Vietnam and the Mekong Delta region; evaluating drought tolerance of rice is a major objective for the rice improvement programmes in Can Tho University. Fifty-two collected rice varieties including resistant and susceptible control varieties were screened for water stress under the artificial drought condition. Marker RM223 was used to identify the drought tolerance genotypes for some selected varieties with good and moderate tolerant scores. After 30 days of water stress, the results were 6 varieties of good tolerant, 8 varieties of moderate tolerance, 36 varieties of moderately susceptible and 2 varieties of susceptible to drought. Analyses of PCR showed that 10 varieties expressed the similar bands with the resistant control variety. Four varieties (LH8, MTL812, Lua Canh and VB1) with good tolerant to drought were recommended to use for genetic materials of rice breeding program and applying in alternative wetting and drying irrigation technique for rice cultivation.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Open Reading Frame (ORF) 29-TrnC (GCA) Sequence to Detect Indica and Japonica Sub Species on Upland Rice of Situ Bagendit and Inbred Rice of Ciherang

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-159
Author(s):  
Rohma Istiana ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Rejeki Siti Ferniah
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Pcr Products

The identification and the characterization of genetic diversity of rice was the first step in the rice plant breeding program. This study aimed to detect indica or japonica sub-species on upland rice Situ Bagendit and inbred rice Ciherang using molecular markers ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) on the chloroplast genome. Rice was included to the indica sub-species if the 32 bp insertion on ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) sequence was found, on the contrary, if the deletion 32 bp on ORF 29-TrnC (GCA) was found then it was included to the japonica sub-species. DNA isolation was examined from the leaves of the rice plants, and then it tested quantitatively to determine the transparency and DNA concentration from the isolation results. PCR amplification was performed using a pair of primers CP2 and it was followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The visualization of the DNA bands used the gel documentation. Sequencing of PCR products produced a long base 390 bp in Situ Bagendit rice and 390 bp in Ciherang rice. Analysis of the sequences showed that the insertions occurred throughout the 32 bp in Situ Bagendit rice and the insertions occurred throughout the 32 bp in Ciherang rice. The results showed that upland rice Situ Bagendit and inbred rice Ciherang were included in the indica sub-species. The knowledge of variety of genetics of rice can be used as bio-information in the plant breeding program. Further, the knowledge can be used to protect in genetic power source, the selection and the composing of superior varieties of rice which is tolerant with kinds of biotic and abiotic factor.

High-yielding NERICA mutant rice for upland areas and hope for Bangladeshi farmers.

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Mirza Mofazzal Islam ◽  
Shamsun Nahar Begum ◽  
Rigyan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Drought is an important stress phenomenon in Bangladesh that greatly hampers crop production. So, it is imperative to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Low-yielding, non-uniform flowering and late-maturing Africa rice - New Rice for Africa (NERICA), viz. NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 varieties - were irradiated with different doses of gamma-rays (250, 300 and 350 Gy) in 2010. M1 plants were grown and M2 plants were selected based on earliness and higher grain yield. The desired mutants along with other mutants were grown as the M3 generation during 2011. A total of 37 mutants from NERICA-1, NERICA-4 and NERICA-10 were selected on the basis of plant height, short duration, drought tolerance and high yield in the M4 generation. In the M5 generation, six mutants were selected for drought tolerance, earliness, grain quality and higher yield. With respect to days to maturity and grain yield (t/ha), the mutant N1/250/P-2-6-1 of NERICA-1 matured earlier (108 days) and had higher grain yield (5.1 t/ha) than the parent. The mutant N4/350/P-4(5) of NERICA-4 also showed a higher grain yield (6.2 t/ha) than its parent and other mutants. On the other hand, NERICA-10 mutant N10/350/P-5-4 matured earlier and had a higher yield (4.5 t/ha) than its parent. Finally, based on agronomic performance and drought tolerance, the two mutants N4/350/P-4(5) and N10/350/P-5-4 were selected and were evaluated in drought-prone and upland areas during 2016 and 2017. These two mutants performed well with higher grain yield than the released upland rice varieties. They will be released soon for commercial cultivation and are anticipated to play a vital role in food security in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Emerging Molecular Strategies for Improving Rice Drought Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitender Giri ◽  
Swarup K. Parida ◽  
Saurabh Raghuvanshi ◽  
Akhilesh K. Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract:: Rice occupies a pre-eminent position as a food crop in the world. Its production, however, entails up to 3000 liters of water per kilogram of grain produced. Such high demand makes rice prone to drought easily. Sustainable rice cultivation with limited water resources requires the deployment of a suitable strategy for better water use efficiency and improved drought tolerance. Several drought-related genes have been evaluated in rice for their mode of action in conferring drought tolerance. Manipulation of components of abscisic acid signal transduction, stomatal density, deposition of cuticular wax, and protein modification pathways are emerging as priority targets. Gene reprogramming by microRNAs is also being explored to achieve drought tolerance. Genetically dissected Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and their constituent genes are being deployed to develop drought-tolerant rice varieties. Progressive research and challenges include a better understanding of crucial components of drought response and search for new targets, along with the deployment of improved varieties in the field.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Plasma Nutfah Tanaman Terintegrasi dengan Program Pemuliaan

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Sumarno ◽  
Nani Zuraida
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Germplasm Management ◽  
Plant Germplasm ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Donor Gene

<p>Plant breeding, as an applied of plant genetics, is based and is supported by various subdisciplines of genetic sciences, includeing plant germplasm, classical genetics, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, gene-transformation techniques, etc. Linkage and team work system between plant germplasm management and plant breeding program is most required, since the success of plant breeding maybe obtained from the contribution of gene donor parents, derived from the germplasm management. Without the flow of genes from the germplasm collection, varieties produced by the plant breeder would suffer a narrow genetical based or a bottle-necking genetic based. Plant germplasm research is an integral part of the germplasm management, aimed to (1) evaluate the genetic variation of the germplasm collection, to be readily available for the breeding program and to be used for scientific publications, (2) tracing the origin of plant species, and (3) officially release a selected germplasm, containing new economic gene (s). The linkage between germplasm management and plant breeding research program could be facilitated through the following activities (1) identifying an elit germplasm for varietal release, (2) selection and stabilization of a promising germplasm accession for possible varietal releases, (3) use of germplasm accession as a gene donor parent to incorporate adaptive genes into improved variety, (4) use of germplasm accession for a specific donor gene, (5) use of germplasm to broaden the genetical base of varieties through an introgression and nobilization, (6) use of germplasm to improve the genetic value of the breeding population, and (7) to develop multiple crossess involving many parents to broaden the genetical base of the breeding population. Another important function of the germplasm management is to conserve accessions carrying genes which may be useful in the future, to anticipate the dynamic changing of biological and environmental stresses on crop. Germplasm management is considered successfully conducted when it is continously supplying donor gene parents to breeders for parental crosses on their breeding program, conversely, breeding program in considered successfully managed, when it uses the rich genetic variability available on the germplasm collection. Separating the organizational units among the breeding program, germplasm management and molecular genetic research, is only for enhancing the intensity of the research, but should not separate the linkage program of the research.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pemuliaan tanaman merupakan ilmu genetika terapan yang didukung oleh berbagai cabang ilmu kegenetikaan, termasuk plasma nutfah, genetika klasik, genetika molekuler, sitogenetika, dan genetika transformasi. Keterpaduan antara pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan pemuliaan tanaman tidak dapat ditawar, karena keberhasilan pemuliaan sangat tergantung dari ketersediaan sumber gen yang disediakan oleh pengelola plasma nutfah. Tanpa kontribusi sumber gen dari pengelola plasma nutfah, hasil pemuliaan tanaman mengalami penyempitan kandungan genetik, atau terjadi gejala leher botol genetik. Penelitian plasma nutfah merupakan bagian integral dari pengelolaan materi plasma nutfah, bertujuan untuk (1) menggali kekayaan sifat genetik plasma nutfah guna penyediaan tetua persilangan dan bahan publikasi ilmiah, (2) menelusuri asal-usul spesies tanaman, (3) melepas secara resmi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen yang diakui kepemilikannya. Keterkaitan pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan dapat dilaksanakan melalui (1) pemanfaatan langsung aksesi plasma nutfah elit untuk dilepas sebagai varietas unggul, (2) pemurnian dan pemantapan populasi aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai calon varietas, (3) pemanfaatan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen untuk rekombinasi gen-gen unggul adaptif, (4) plasma nutfah sebagai donor gen spesifik, (5) plasma nutfah sebagai bahan perluasan latar belakang genetik varietas melalui proses introgresi dan nobilisasi, (6) pemanfaatan plasma nutfah untuk perbaikan genetik populasi seleksi, dan (7) pembentukan populasi dasar yang mengandung keragaman genetik luas melalui persilangan banyak tetua. Fungsi pengelolaan plasma nutfah lainnya adalah melestarikan sumber daya genetik untuk kebutuhan gen di masa depan, agar dapat menyediakan gen-gen untuk mengantisipasi perubahan ras patogen dan tipe baru serangga hama yang bersifat dinamis, serta penyediaan gen guna mengatasi cekaman abiotik alamiah. Pengelolaan plasma nutfah dinilai berhasil apabila telah mampu menyediakan aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber gen donor dalam program pemuliaan. Pemuliaan tanaman berhasil secara optimal apabila telah memanfaatkan keragaman genetik sifat yang diinginkan, yang tersedia dalam koleksi plasma nutfah. Keterpisahan kelembagaan antara unit kerja pengelolaan plasma nutfah dengan program pemuliaan tidak boleh membatasi keterpaduan program penelitian antara kedua cabang disiplin keilmuan tersebut.</p>

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Drought Tolerance in Upland Rice Varieties at Reproductive Stage

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Malemba ◽  
F. M. Nzuve ◽  
J. M. Kimani ◽  
M. F. Olubayo ◽  
J. W. Muthomi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Drought Conditions

Rice is an important food crop for human population ranking second among the mostly consumed cereal grains worldwide. Upland rice production is greatly constrained by drought stress resulting from rainfall variation patterns. Cultivation of drought tolerant varieties is considered the best option for drought management in rice production. The already released upland rice varieties are drought susceptible and have poor grain attributes hence, the aim of this study was to determine the combining ability for drought tolerance in upland rice. Four upland NERICA and two upland rice varieties were selected as parents for generating F1s crosses following 6 × 6 complete diallel. The generated 30 F1 crosses were advanced to F2 population for field evaluation. The F2 progenies together with six parents were planted in two sites; KALRO-Mwea Center Farm and Kirogo research Farm following a randomized complete block design in three replications. Drought stress was initiated 45 days after sowing after which data was collected on drought and agronomic parameters. The study revealed large genetic variations among the genotypes used. Both GCA and SCA were significant indicating the importance of both additive and non additive gene action in the expression of studied traits. In this study NERICA 2 and NERICA 15 were identified as good combiners for drought tolerance and grain yield under drought conditions. The single crosses namely; NERICA 15 × NERICA 2, NERICA 1 × NERICA 15, NERICA 11 × NERICA 15 and NERICA 2 × NERICA 15 were identified as superior for improving yield under drought conditions.

scholarly journals Progress of Rubber Breeding Program to Support Agroforestry System in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Fetrina Oktavia ◽  
Sahuri ◽  
Dwi Shinta Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Rubber Plant ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Planting Materials

The use of superior rubber planting materials is one of the most important components of technology to support the cultivation and sustainability of the natural rubber industry. The effect of the genetic components of planting materials to the rubber productivity can reach 60%, and the rest is the influence of agro-climatic conditions. The aim of the rubber plant breeding program is to obtain the new superior rubber clones that have a high latex yielding potential and good agronomic characters. The fluctuations of natural rubber price and climate changes also influence the direction and objectives of the rubber plant breeding program. To deal with the conditions, it is important to provide the rubber agroforestry technology by through intercropping of rubber with various other crops. The article will provide the information about progress of rubber breeding program in Indonesia and it is role in supporting agroforestry system. Several of new superior rubber clones have been released by IRRI, and some of these clones such as IRR 112 and IRR 118 had been planting with rice, corn, and other crops by through rubber agroforestry system. The system was estimated be able to maintain latex yielding potential of clones as well as farmers’ income can be improved.

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