scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET DARI SEKAM PADI DAN KETAMAN KAYU BERPEREKAT DAUN JAMBU METE

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Widya Gema Bestari ◽  
Mutiara Mendopa ◽  
Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbonization Process ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Wood Shaving

Briquettes are biomass compaction technology as alternative energy sources with or without binder in different shape and size. The research is aimed to analyze the best carbonization process, compaction pressure and binder concentration for quality of briquettes. In this resarch, rice husk and wood shaving are used as raw materials  carbonized at different process, named by carbonization process 1 and other carbonization process 2. Carbonization process 1 was done by carbonized each raw material and then mixed while carbonization process 2 was done by mixed raw materials then carbonized. Raw materials were blended with cashew nut leaves binder at concentration 10%, 12,5%, 15%, and 20% and then compacted at pressure 85 kg/cm2 and 105 kg/cm2. The best briquette was briquette that rice husk and wood shaving were carbonized by carbonization process 1 blended with 15% binder and compacted at 85 kg/cm2 and had calorific value 2045,8271 cal/g.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE IN THE ISSUE OF GREEN ECONOMY OF THE REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Opara ◽  
Natalia Azarova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
State Of The Environment

Currently, an urgent issue is the preservation of the environment, the cyclical use of waste for the production of new products, the preservation and multiplication of the planet’s natural resources. After all, the quality of life of each person directly depends on the state of the environment and the factors that affect its preservation. These factors are an integral part of the development of a green economy. This article discusses the possibility of producing alternative energy sources, such as biofuels of three generations.The first generation is solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Second-generation fuel is obtained from the biomass of plant and animal material residues, or grown crops. As an example, such a type of fuel as biogas, which consists of carbon dioxide and methane, and with its further processing, namely the separation of carbon dioxide, you can get biomethane. In the same way, such fuels as biodiesel and bioethanol can be obtained from the biological mass. And the most unusual raw material for the production of third-generation fuel is biofuel from algae. Unfortunately, the development of the green economy in Russia is taking slow steps, but at present this issue is being paid more attention. The development of technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources will allow us to produce not only new types of energy, but also to preserve the environment of our priceless planet, through the use of raw materials and waste that are not in demand in everyday human life.

scholarly journals Miscanthus plants processing in fuel, energy, chemical and microbiological industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Olga Babich ◽  
Olga Krieger ◽  
Evgeny Chupakhin ◽  
Oksana Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The increasing shortage of fossil hydrocarbon fuel dictates the need to search for and develop alternative energy sources, including plant biomass. This paper is devoted to the study of the Miscanthus plants biomass potential and the analysis of technologies of its processing into products targeted at bioenergy, chemistry, and microbiology. Miscanthus is a promising renewable raw material to replace wood raw materials for the production of chemical, fuel, energy, and microbiological industries. Miscanthus is characterised by highly productive (up to 40 tons per one hectare of dry matter) C4-photosynthesis. Dry Miscanthus contains 47.1–49.7% carbon, 5.38–5.92% hydrogen, and 41.4–44.6% oxygen. The mineral composition includes K, Cl, N and S, which influence the processes occurring during biomass combustion. The total amount of extractives per dry substance lies in the range of 0.3–2.2 % for different extraction reagents. Miscanthus has optimal properties as an energy source. Miscanthus × giganteus pellets showed the energy value of about 29 kJ/g. For the bioconversion of plants into bioethanol, it is advisable to carry out simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, thus reducing the duration of process steps and energy costs. Miscanthus cellulose is of high quality and can be used for the synthesis of new products. Further research will focus on the selection of rational parameters for processing miscanthus biomass into products with improved physical and chemical characteristics: bioethanol, pellets, industrial cellulose, bacterial cellulose, carbohydrate substrate.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature and Time Carbonization on Calorific Value of Charcoal Briquette Raw Materials Areca Nut Husk

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Riski Camarta ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Nelvi Erizon ◽  
Andril Arafat
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Energy Needs

Areca nut husk is one type of biomass that can be used as raw material for briquettes as an alternative energy producer. Charcoal briquettes are solid fuels that can be used as alternative fuels in an effort to meet energy needs. This study aims to assess the quality of areca nut charcoal briquettes through carbonization at temperatures of 200 ° C, 250 ° C, 300 ° C, 350 ° C and 400 ° C at holding times for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The study was conducted by pyrolysis of areca nut briquettes which had been formed and dried. Testing the quality of charcoal briquettes includes calorific value analysis. The results of this study indicate the highest heating value of coir briquette charcoal is at carbonization temperature of 300 ° C for 60 minutes at 20979,13632 KJ/Kg. Serat buah pinang merupakan salah satu jenis biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi bahan baku briket sebagai penghasil energi alternatif dalam mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi). Briket arang merupakan bahan bakar padat yang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dalam upaya untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi. Pembuatan briket menggunakan perekat tapioka dengan komposisi biomassa dan perekat sebanyak 80% dan 20%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket arang serat buah pinang melalui proses karbonisasi pada temperatur 200°C, 250°C, 300°C, 350°C dan 400°C pada waktu tahan selama 30, 60 dan 90 menit. Pengujian kualitas briket arang meliputi analisis nilai kalor. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai kalor briket arang serat buah pinang tertinggi terdapat pada temperatur karbonisasi 300°C selama 60 menit sebesar 20979,13632 KJ/Kg.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of producing wood pellets and company growth strategies

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Nataliia Halysh
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Wood Pellet ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

The article states that Ukraine is among countries with a high potential level of biomass, which serves as a raw material for the production of solid biofuels. As Ukraine’s economy is developing, there is an increased demand for energy resources. In response to energy dependence and steadily rising prices for fuels, there has also been a shift in the focus towards using alternative energy sources such as biofuels, particularly, wood pellets. The paper covers the factors leading to the growth of the pellet industry, namely: improving the ecological situation, reducing carbon emissions, increasing prices on extracted fuels, waste recycling optimization, etc. The peculiarities of wood pellet production are outlined and their impact on decision-making processes in enterprises, especially in logistics-related areas, is discussed. A particular attention is paid to technology aspects of producing wood pellets and technological organization of manufacturing processes. The article summarizes a list of required production equipment, which affects initial investment, projecting production cost and financial results of operations. Some peculiarities of woodworking enterprises which provide raw material for wood pellet plants are considered. The major challenges and prospects related to forming a long-term strategy for producing wood pellets are highlighted. Based on the results of the study, a principle for optimizing production costs, particularly raw materials costs, is suggested. The optimization model includes all production costs incurred when producing pellets. It is also found that the optimal distance from the furthest sources of raw material should be up to 50 km. The article concludes that addressing various aspects of producing and consuming biofuels in Ukraine is relevant and important. Further studies should be performed into defining criteria for management in such type of plants.

BIOMASS AND ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF MARALFALFA GRASS (Cenchrus purpureus Schumach.) Morrone CULTIVATED IN WARM SUBHUMID CLIMATE TO PRODUCE BIOETHANOL

Agrociencia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-401
Author(s):  
Joel Ventura Ríos ◽  
José A. Honorato Salazar ◽  
Mario A. Santiago Ortega ◽  
Iliana Barrera Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Harvest Frequency

Biofuels are a sustainable energy option that can contribute to solve some current environmental problems. For example, it seems imperative to find alternative energy sources; and among them adequate and sustainable raw materials to produce biofuels, such as bioethanol. This study, under the assumption that Maralfalfa grass would be a suitable substrate to produce biofuel, aimed at evaluating the biomass yield, chemical composition, and theoretical bioethanol production of Maralfalfa grass (C. purpureus Schumach.) Morrone harvested at three cutting frequencies (CF). Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete blocks design with split-plots arrangement and three replicates. Analysis of variance was done with GLM procedure and means were compared with Tukey test (p≤0.05). At 120 d, the lignocellulosic material content was the highest (p≤0.05) with 66% of holocellulose, 30% hemicellulose, 22% lignin, 1.8% acid soluble lignin, 20% acid insoluble lignin, 26% acid insoluble residue, and 6.2% ashes. The highest concentration of extractives compounds was found at 150 d harvest frequency (15.5%; p≤0.05), while the highest biomass production (32.6 Mg ha-1 y-1), calorific value (21.0 MJ kg-1), and bioethanol production (239.9 L Mg-1 MS-1) was obtained at the 180 d (p≤0.05). No significant changes were found for crude protein (p>0.05). Results showed that Maralfalfa grass (C. purpureus Schumach.) Morrone is an attractive alternative for bioethanol production due to high biomass yield and chemical composition at short harvesting times.

scholarly journals Kajian Kualitas Briket Biomassa dari Sekam Padi dan Tempurung Kelapa

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Idzni Qistina ◽  
Dede Sukandar ◽  
Trilaksono Trilaksono
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

Abstrak Biomassa seperti sekam padi dan tempurung kelapa dapat menjadi sumber bahan baku briket sebagai salah satu energi alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil (minyak bumi).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas briket sekam padi dan tempurung kelapa melalui proses semi-karbonisasi pada temperatur antara 50-125 0C dengan durasi waktu proses 50-120 menit. Proses pembuatan briket meliputiproses semi-karbonisasi, pencampuran biomassa dengan perekat, pencetakan, pengeringan, dan uji kualitas briket. Pengujian kualitas briket meliputi analisis briket yaitu nilai kalor, kadar air, fixed carbon, volatile matter, abu, dan analisis ultimat. Disamping itu juga dilakukan uji kuat tekan, pengukuran emisi gas, dan uji termal briket yang dihasilkan.Hasilnya menunjukkan penurunan kadar air bahan baku briket sekam padi dan tempurung kelapa membutuhkan energi masing-masing 8.54% dan 4.97% dari proses karbonisasi murni yang menghasilkan semi arang. Nilai kalor briket sekam padi maupun tempurung kelapa mengalami penurunan masing-masing 9.72% dan 7.21% jika dibandingkan dengan bahan bakunya.Gas emisi dari briket sekam padi dan tempurung kelapa yaitu gas NOx, SOx, CO, dan hidrokarbon (HC) masih di bawah baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan. Hasil uji termal briket menunjukkan efisiensi termal briket sekam lebih baik dibandingkan briket tempurung kelapa dengan nilai efisiensi masing-masing sebesar 31.13% dan 22.28%. Kata kunci: Briket sekam padi, briket tempurung kelapa, semi karbonisasi, emisi gas, efisiensi termal. Abstract   Biomass energy, among others, rice husk and coconut shell can be an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels (petroleum). This study aims to assess the quality briquettes rice husk and coconut shell with raw materials through semi-carbonization process at a temperature between 50-125 0C with a duration of 50-120 minutes of processing time. Briquetting process meliputu semi-carbonization, refining raw materials and sieving made passes restrained 30 mesh and 30 detained 50 mesh. Then do the mixing biomass with adhesive, printed, dried and tested briquette quality test. Briquette quality testing consists of the analysis of the characteristics of briquettes are calorific value, moisture content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash, and the ultimate analysis. Besides, it also conducted compressive strength test, the measurement of gas emission, and thermal test briquettes were produced. The results show a decrease in raw material briquettes moisture content of rice husk and coconut shell on semi karbonization process requiring respectively 8.54% and 4.97% of the energy of pure carbonization process which produces semi charcoal. Calorific value briquettes rice husk and coconut shell fell respectively 9.72% and 7.21% when compared to the raw material. The quality of biomass briquettes is based on the results of the analysis of the characteristics and compressive strength test briquettes showed that coconut shell briquettes better quality than the rice husk briquettes. Briquettes gas emissions from rice husks and coconut shells are gas NOx, SOx, CO and hydrocarbons (HC) is still below the quality standards required. The test results demonstrate the thermal efficiency of thermal briquettes rice husk briquettes for 31.13% and better than coconut shell briquettes by 22.28%. Keywords: Briquette rice husk, coconut shell briquettes, semi-carbonization, gases,thermal efficiency DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4054

scholarly journals Effect of Formulation, Binder and Compaction Pressure of Rice Husk-Bagasse Briquettes on Thermal and Physical Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-53
Author(s):  
Kerich K. Daniel ◽  
Zachary O. Siagi ◽  
Julius O. Ogola
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Aims: This study investigated the use of agro-wastes for the production of briquettes. It was carried out to investigate the effect of formulation, binder and compaction pressure of rice husk-Bagasse briquettes on thermal and physical properties. Study Design: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design Place and Duration of the Study: Rice husks and bagasse were collected from Lake Basin Development Authority’s rice mill and Kibos sugar and Allied company respectively. The binders were sourced locally in Kisumu. The study was conducted between March 2019 and February 2020. The fabrication and laboratory analysis were carried out in the engineering and laboratory departments of Kenya Industrial Research and Development institute, Kisumu. Methodology: The experimental design for this study was 6x5x2 Randomized Complete Block Design. This study involved six formulations ratios (0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0), five compaction pressure levels (108kPa, 180kPa, 253kPa, 325kPa, 397kPa) and two binders (clay, cassava) They were arranged in Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications per experiment. Results: The briquettes bulk density was in the range of 849 to 1001 kg.m−3, while the calorific value ranged from 5.541 kcal/g for 100% Rice husk clay binder to 7.345 kcal/g 20% Rice Husk cassava binder. Briquettes with blend ratio of 40-60% Rice Husk took longer time to burn. Briquette formulations with clay binder had burning rates ranging from 0.28 g/min to 0.15 g/min while with cassava binder from 0.52 g/min to 0.37 g/min. The ignition time of the briquettes ranged from 62 sec to 95 sec with cassava binder and 110 sec to 191sec with clay binder. The shatter index ranged from 0.94 to 0.99 with cassava and 0.9 to 0.98 with clay binder. Conclusion: Higher compaction pressures and use of cassava binder produced stronger briquettes with higher calorific values. Briquettes with higher percentage of bagasse had low ignition time and low bulk densities. The bulk densities and ignition time showed significant rise with increase in the compaction pressure but inversely affected the burning rate. The binder used significantly affected both the thermal and physical properties of all the formulations.

scholarly journals CFD researched on rice husk gasification in a pilot fixed bed up-draft system

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-109
Author(s):  
Phung Thi Kim Le ◽  
Viet Tan Tran ◽  
Thien Luu Minh Nguyen ◽  
Viet Vuong Pham ◽  
Truc Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Actual Process ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Gasification Process

Finding alternative energy sources for fossil fuels was a global matter of concern, especially in developing countries. Rice husk, an abundant biomass in Viet Nam, was used to partially replace fossil fuels by gasification process. The study was conducted on the pilot plant fixed bed up-draft gasifier with two kind of gasification agents, pure air and air-steam mixture. Mathematical modeling and computer simulations were also used to describe and optimize the gasification processes. Mathematical modeling was based on Computational Fluid Dynamics method and simulation was carried by using Ansys Fluent software. Changes in outlet composition of syngas components (CO, CO2, CH4, H2O, H2) and temperature of process, in relation with ratio of steam in gasification agents, were presented. Obtained results indicated concentration of CH4, H2 in outlet was increased significantly when using air-steam gasification agents than pure air. The discrepancies among the gasification agents were determined to improve the actual process.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN NILAI BAKAR BRIKET BATUBARA DAN BRIKET ARANG (CAMPURAN CANGKANG BINTARO (Cerbera Manghas) DAN BAMBU BETUNG (Dendrocalamus Asper)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ida Febriana ◽  
Zurohaina Zurohaina ◽  
Sahrul Effendy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

Charcoal briquettes are smokeless fuels which are a type of solid fuel whose fly substance is made low enough so that the smoke generated on its utilization will not interfere with health. In this study charcoal briquettes were made from bintaro shell waste and betung bamboo using tapioca flour adhesives. This study aims to obtain the best quality sub-bituminous coal briquettes and coal briquettes. In this study the carbonization temperature used was 400ᵒC and the composition of raw materials for bintaro shells and betung bamboo was 50:50, the composition of raw materials for sub-bituminous coal and straw 90:10. The method used in this research is experiment or experimental method, with fuel value collection using ASTM D5865-03 standard. The results obtained from this study are for charcoal briquettes with 4000C carbonization temperature Inherent Moisture value of 1.91%, ash 2.29%, volatile matter 23.79%, fixed carbon 72.01% and calorific value 5878.7 kal / gr, and for coal briquettes obtained value Inherent Moisture 0.52%, ash 4.42%, volatile matter 17.98%, fixed carbon 77.08% and calorific value 7152.6 kal / gr. The fuel value of coal briquettes is greater than that of charcoal briquettes, but the combustion value of charcoal briquettes includes a good calorific value as an alternative energy source, and is in accordance with the SNI standard of 5000 kal / gr, even close to the Japanese standard 6000 cal / gr. Keywords: Bintaro, briquette, calorific value

scholarly journals Use of biogas to power diesel engines with common rail fuel systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Sławomir Wierzbicki ◽  
Michał Śmieja
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Study Results

The limited resources of fossil fuels, as well as the search for a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide and other toxic compounds to the atmosphere have prompted the search for new, alternative energy sources. One of the potential fuels which may be widely used in the future as a fuel is biogas which can be obtained from various types of raw materials. The article presents selected results as regards the effects of the proportion of biogas of various compositions on the course of combustion in a dual-fuel diesel engine with a Common Rail fuel system. The presented study results indicate the possibility for the use of fuels of this type in diesel engines; although changes are necessary in the manner of controlling liquid fuel injection.

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