scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR BAHAN BAKU TERHADAP PIROLISIS SERBUK PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Feni Sari Putri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
The Way

Palm plantation  produce waste in form of palm midribs in large number. One of the way to handle and increase the value of palm midrib waste is by pyrolysis. The particle size of raw material that used in this study was 23 – 50 mesh. The reduction of raw material size can increase the heating rate of pyrolysis. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature, time, and water content of raw material on the yield and pH of liquid smoke. Pyrolysis of palm midrib powder was processed at 150 oC, 200 oC, and 250 oC  with various time was 30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90 minutes. The study found that the yield of liquid smoke tend to increase with rising pyrolysis temperature and time until the condition when un-condensable gas was produced more so that the increase of pyrolysis temperature and time will further decrease the yield. The highest yield of liquid smoke obtained at 250 oC for 30 minutes, is 20,69%. The best pH of liquid smoke obtained at pyrolysis temperature 250 oC for 90 minutes, is 2,6.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of Water Hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms] for Liquid Smoke Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 00038
Author(s):  
Rita Dwi Ratnani ◽  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽  
Widiyanto Widiyanto ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Smoke Production

This research aimed to determine the chemical composition of Rawapening, Semarang District, Indonesia water hyacinth and to study the effect of pyrolysis time on the volume of liquid smoke products. The water hyacinth was cut into pieces with a size of about 2 cm to 3 cm, and placed in pyrolisator. A total of 700 g of water hyacinth sample was fed into the pyrolysis. The product was observed for its content of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin. The pyrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C. The results showed that water hyacinth contains hemicellulose 36 % d.b, cellulose 21 % d.b and lignin 7 % d.b which it potential to be a raw material for liquid smoke production. The effect of temperature was significant on liquid smoke products. It was proven that the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the greater the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke was obtained for 0.2 mL per 100 g, 12.3 mL per 100 g and 16.3 mL per 100 g dried biomass water hyacinth at a temperature of 117 °C, 400 °C and 683 °C, respectively.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature and Particle Size on the Pyrolysis Products of Waste Tires and the Formation Mechanism of Limonene

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Lei Gong ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Hong Wei Yu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Tong Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Pyrolysis Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Waste Tires

The rapid development of the automotive industry has led to the accumulation of a large number of waste tires that contain a lot of reusable energy. Macromolecular organics in waste tires can be crack small molecule organics via pyrolysis. In this experiment, thermogravimetry (TG) and pyrolizer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS) were used to study the pyrolysis behavior of waste tires with different particle sizes, and the effect of temperature and particle size on the pyrolysis products of waste tires under low-temperature pyrolysis conditions, respectively. The volatile substances in waste tires decomposed intensively at 300-500�C and were completely pyrolyzed at 500�C. The content of limonene in the pyrolysis product was significant, and the yield of limonene could reach 27.73% when the waste tire particles were 0.180-0.250 mm and the pyrolysis temperature was 380�C. The mechanism of limonene formation from waste tires was discussed. This study indicated that raw material particle sizes and pyrolysis temperature could change the components and content of pyrolysis products.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Menthol untuk Bahan Konsolidan Cagar Budaya Arang

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Moh Habibi ◽  
Dimas Arif Primanda Aji ◽  
Rifqi Kurniadi Suryanto ◽  
Riyanto Prasetiya Lambang ◽  
Arif Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristic ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Durability Testing ◽  
Site Test ◽  
Excavation Site ◽  
Shape And Size

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan menthol sebagai bahan konsolidasi sementara cagar budaya pada temuan ekskavasi yang rapuh. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi karakteristik morfologi menthol, penetrasi kering dan basah menthol pada ketiga jenis sampel (Arang, Bata, Batu), durabilitas konsolidasi sementara menthol pada sampel, dan kuat tekan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses solidifikasi menthol dimulai pada bagian tepi dan membentuk bentukan seperti jarum (whisker). Penetrasi menthol pada sampel sangat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk dan ukuran partikel sampel serta kandungan air yang terdapat pada sampel. Untuk pengujian durabilitas, pengaruh suhu sangat besar terhadap durabilitas konsolidasi menthol. Semakin tinggi suhu lingkungan, maka semakin cepat pula proses sublimasi menthol. Hasil uji kuat tekan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ukuran partikel sampel, semakin kecil ukuran partikel sampel yang terkonsolidasi menthol, maka semakin tinggi pula nilai kuat tekan yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa menthol dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konsolidan sementara cagar budaya arang. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of menthol as temporary consolidant for fragile heritage findings on the excavation site. Test includes morphological characteristic of menthol, dray and wet penetration of menthol to three type of sample (charcoal, stone, and brick), durability, and compressive strength. The results show that the menthol solidification process starts at the edges and forms a shape like whiskers. Menthol penetration is strongly influenced by the shape and size of the sample and also water content in the samples. For durability testing, the effect of temperature is very significant on the durability of menthol consolidation. The higher the temperature, the faster the menthol sublimation process will be. Whereas for compressive strength is highly influenced by particle size of the consolidated sample, the smaller consolidated sample the higher compressive strength produced. From this study it can be concluded that menthol can be used as a temporary consolidant material for the fragile heritage findings.

Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) in a Vertical Fixed Bed Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Azduwin ◽  
Mohd Jamir Mohd Ridzuan ◽  
A.R. Mohamed ◽  
S.M. Hafis
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Bio Oil

Uncontrolled uses of fossil fuels lead to serious energy problems and since Malaysia is one of the largest producers of palm oil in the world, it has caused a lot of waste such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) which can actually be converted into renewable energy via pyrolysis. In this work, firstly the characterizations of the EFB were analyzed such as elemental, proximate and component analysis. The pyrolysis experiment of empty fruit bunch using vertical fixed-bed reactor was conducted at different pyrolysis temperature range from 300 - 600 °C and the particle size of EFB was also varied from 125-250 μm with constant nitrogen flow rate of 100 cm3/min, heating rate of 30 °C/min, and 30 minutes hold time. For the effect of temperature, the optimum pyrolysis temperature was 500 °C to produce maximum yield of bio-oil which is 39.2 wt. % while 46.13 wt. % is the highest bio-oil yield produced at size of 500-710 μm for the effect of particle size. The analysis on bio-oil was conducted by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) with the results shows for the presents of phenol/alcohol group, ketones and C-O bond. The bio-oil obtained is in the acidic condition with pH 3.5.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN BRIKET DARI KULIT KAKAO MENGGUNAKAN PEREKAT KULIT UBI KAYU

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Rosta Natalia Sinaga ◽  
Rosdanelli Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Carbonization Process

This study aims to determine the effect of temperature variation carbonization, carbonization time and adhesive variation to charcoal characteristics of cocoa skin using cassava skin adhesive. Briquette is usually made using binder. Binder can embed charcoal each other to form strong and compact briquettes. Some other variables beside binder that influence the quality of briquettes include raw material, compacting presseure and carbonization process. This research used cocoa leather as raw material with cassava skin leaves as binder. All variables affect the content of fixed carbon of the briquettes that influence the caloricvalue of the briquettes. The caloricvalue is the most important factor for determining the quality of the briquettes. In this research, the highest caloricvalue of the briquettes was 4.375 cal/g. It was achieved when cocoa leather were carbonized by method 1 with compaction pressure of 85 kg/cm2 and binderconcentration of 15% where as raw material with  particle size of 100 mesh. The caloricvalue of the  briquettes was still very low and did not meet the qualification of Indonesian standard for briquettes. Based on the strength test, cassava skin leaves couldn’t be used as briquette’s binder. The produced briquettes that used cassava skin leaves as binder had soft structure and easily destroyed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR PADA PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Frist Silia ◽  
Seri Maulina
Keyword(s):  
Processing Time ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Liquid Smoke ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Palm plantations in Indonesia began to grow rapidly since the early 80s. The area of ​​Indonesia's oil palm in 2013 was 10.4 million ha and increased 4.69% annually.  The production of palm midrib was about 22 midribs per tree per year with the weight of midrib meat ranging from 2.2 kg. The palm midrib is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and time of pyrolysis on the yield and quality of liquid smoke produced. The pyrolysis process of fractured palm was performed at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. The results indicated that the yield of liquid smoke tends to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and tends to increase with increasing pyrolysis time in which the difficult condensed gas production increases with increasing temperature and time of pyrolysis. The highest yield of liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature of 150 OC with pyrolysis time 120 minutes that is equal to 43.47%. In this study, obtained the best results for a pH value of 3.1 is done at process temperatures of 250 ° C with processing time 60 minutes

Effects of pH Value and Water Content of Sol on TiO2 Photocatalytic Activity Prepared by SAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 864-867
Author(s):  
Zai Feng Shi ◽  
Su Min Zhang ◽  
Su Guo
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effects Of Ph

To investigate the effects of sol pH value and water content on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 prepared with sol-gel auto-igniting synthesis (SAS) method, TiO(NO3)2 was prepared with TiCl4 as raw material and used as precursor of TiO2. By changing sol pH value and water content, different TiO2 powders were prepared and characterized with XRD, SEM and photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Results indicated that TiO2 presented the highest photocatalytic activity while sol pH value and mass fraction of water were adjusted to 7 and 50% respectively while the mole ratio of n (TiCl4): n (citric acid): n (ammonium nitrate) was fixed as 1: 1: 3. The TiO2 powders were confirmed as loose and porous anatase type with particle size of 15 nm by SEM and XRD.

Optimization of Biomass Vacuum Pyrolysis Process Based on GRNN

2013 ◽  
Vol 411-414 ◽  
pp. 3016-3022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hua Li ◽  
Yong Sheng Fan ◽  
Yi Xi Cai ◽  
Wei Dong Zhao ◽  
Hai Yun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Heating Rate ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Transformation Ratio ◽  
Vacuum Pyrolysis ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Bio Oil

Biomass pyrolysis for preparing bio-oil was studied on the vacuum pyrolysis system, where rape straw was chosen as the raw material. The experiment was designed by orthogonal method. And pyrolysis temperature, system pressure, heating rate and holding time were chosen as input variables to establish the prediction models about bio-oil yields and energy transformation ratio based on Generalized Regression Neural Network. The parameters of vacuum pyrolysis system were optimized for maximizing bio-oil yields and energy transformation ratio, and the optimization result was verified by experiment. The results of research show that the predicted values are fit well with the experimental values, which verifies the effectiveness of the prediction models. When pyrolysis temperature is 486.8°C, system pressure is 5.0kPa, heating rate is 18.1°C/min and holding time is 55.0min, bio-oil yield is 43.6% and energy transformation ratio is 35.5%. Both are close to the maximum, and the result is accurate by experimental verification.

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