Kuantifikasi Kandungan Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) di Kawasan Desa Sungai Rambe untuk Memprediksi Keberadaan Minyak Bumi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutrisno ◽  
Rayandra Asyhar ◽  
Rahmi ◽  
Andrian Tri Kesuma Wardana
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphide ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Carbonyl Sulphide ◽  
Hydrocarbon Compound ◽  
Three Components

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Gore Sorber dengan menanamkan alat ke dalam tanah selama 21 hari dan pada hari ke-21 alat tersebut diambil kemudian kandungannya dianalisis dengan menggunakan GC-MS untuk mengetahui jumlah senyawa hidrokarbon yang terkandung dalam minyak bumi. Beberapa senyawa yang terdeteksi dengan metode Gore Sorber diantaranya adalah alfa pinena, dimetil sulfida, karbonil sulfide, dimetil disulfida, butana dana etana. Senyawa tersebut merupakan senyawa yang umum ditemukan pada minyak bumi dengan komposisi alfa pinena 206,34 ng; dimetil sulfida 196,65 ng; dan dimetil disulfida 205,8 ng. Tiga komponen tersebut merupakan komponen minyak bumi hidrokarbon dan non-hidrokarbon.   This research uses Gore Sorber method by implanting the tool into the soil for 21 days then taken on day 21 and directly analyzed using GC-MS instrument to know the amount of hydrocarbon compound contained in petroleum. Some of the compounds detected using Gore-Sorber are alpha pinene, dimethyl sulphide, carbonyl sulphide, dimethyl disulfide, butane and ethane. These components are typical of petroleum compounds seen from the highest components of alpha pinene 206.34 ng, dimethyl sulfide 196.65 ng and dimethyl disulfide 205.8 ng. The three components are petroleum components of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Identification of Volatile Sulfur Compounds Produced by Schizophyllum commune

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Takahito Toyotome ◽  
Masahiko Takino ◽  
Masahiro Takaya ◽  
Maki Yahiro ◽  
Katsuhiko Kamei
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Sulfur Compounds ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis ◽  
Volatile Sulfur

Schizophyllum commune is a causative agent of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and basidiomycosis. Diagnosis of these diseases remains difficult because no commercially available tool exists to identify the pathogen. Unique volatile organic compounds produced by a pathogen might be useful for non-invasive diagnosis. Here, we explored microbial volatile organic compounds produced by S. commune. Volatile sulfur compounds, dimethyl disulfide (48 of 49 strains) and methyl ethyl disulfide (49 of 49 strains), diethyl disulfide (34 of 49 strains), dimethyl trisulfide (40 of 49 strains), and dimethyl tetrasulfide (32 of 49 strains) were detected from headspace air in S. commune cultured vials. Every S. commune strain produced at least one volatile sulfur compound analyzed in this study. Those volatile sulfur compounds were not detected from the cultures of Aspergillus spp. (A. fumigatus, A. flavus, A. niger, and A. terreus), which are other major causative agents of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. The last, we examined H2S detection using lead acetate paper. Headspace air from S. commune rapidly turned the lead acetate paper black. These results suggest that those volatile sulfur compounds are potent targets for the diagnosis of S. commune and infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) of Endophytic Fungi Growing on Extracts of the Host, Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Plaszkó ◽  
Zsolt Szűcs ◽  
Zoltán Kállai ◽  
Hajnalka Csoma ◽  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Agar Film ◽  
Volatile Organic

The interaction between plant defensive metabolites and different plant-associated fungal species is of high interest to many disciplines. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are natural products that are easily evaporated under ambient conditions. They play a very important role in inter-species communication of microbes and their hosts. In this study, the VOCs produced by 43 different fungal isolates of endophytic and soil fungi during growth on horseradish root (Armoracia rusticana) extract or malt extract agar were examined, by using headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (headspace-GC-MS) and a high relative surface agar film as a medium. The proposed technique enabled sensitive detection of several typical VOCs (acetone, methyl acetate, methyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl butanol isomers, styrene, beta-phellandrene), along with glucosinolate decomposition products, including allyl cyanide and allyl isothiocyanate and other sulfur-containing compounds—carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfide. The VOC patterns of fungi belonging to Setophoma, Paraphoma, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaeta, Volutella, Cadophora, Notophoma, and Curvularia genera were described for the first time. The VOC pattern was significantly different among the isolates. The pattern was indicative of putative myrosinase activity for many tested isolates. On the other hand, endophytes and soil fungi as groups could not be separated by VOC pattern or intensity.

scholarly journals Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 2593-2619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charel Wohl ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Vassilis Kitidis ◽  
Anna E. Jones ◽  
William T. Sturges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Net Flux

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for atmospheric chemistry. The emissions of biogenically derived organic gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained in the Southern Ocean. Due to a paucity of measurements, the role of the ocean in the atmospheric budgets of atmospheric methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde is even more poorly known. In order to quantify the air–sea fluxes of these gases, we measured their seawater concentrations and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ∼ 11 000 km long transect at approximately 60∘ S in February–April 2019. Concentrations, oceanic saturations, and estimated fluxes of five simultaneously sampled gases (dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde) are presented here. Campaign mean (±1σ) surface water concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 2.60 (±3.94), 0.0133 (±0.0063), 67 (±35), 5.5 (±2.5), and 2.6 (±2.7) nmol dm−3 respectively. In this dataset, seawater isoprene and methanol concentrations correlated positively. Furthermore, seawater acetone, methanol, and isoprene concentrations were found to correlate negatively with the fugacity of carbon dioxide, possibly due to a common biological origin. Campaign mean (±1σ) air mixing ratios of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetaldehyde were 0.17 (±0.09), 0.053 (±0.034), 0.17 (±0.08), 0.081 (±0.031), and 0.049 (±0.040) ppbv. We observed diel changes in averaged acetaldehyde concentrations in seawater and ambient air (and to a lesser degree also for acetone and isoprene), which suggest light-driven production. Campaign mean (±1σ) fluxes of 4.3 (±7.4) µmol m−2 d−1 DMS and 0.028 (±0.021) µmol m−2 d−1 isoprene are determined where a positive flux indicates from the ocean to the atmosphere. Methanol was largely undersaturated in the surface ocean with a mean (±1σ) net flux of −2.4 (±4.7) µmol m−2 d−1, but it also had a few occasional episodes of outgassing. This section of the Southern Ocean was found to be a source and a sink for acetone and acetaldehyde this time of the year, depending on location, resulting in a mean net flux of −0.55 (±1.14) µmol m−2 d−1 for acetone and −0.28 (±1.22) µmol m−2 d−1 for acetaldehyde. The data collected here will be important for constraining the air–sea exchange, cycling, and atmospheric impact of these gases, especially over the Southern Ocean.

scholarly journals Revisiting benzene cluster cations for the chemical ionization of dimethyl sulfide and select volatile organic compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 10121-10157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kim ◽  
M. C. Zoerb ◽  
N. R. Campbell ◽  
K. J. Zimmermann ◽  
B. W. Blomquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Benzene cluster cations were revisited as a sensitive and selective reagent ion for the chemical ionization of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and a select group of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Laboratory characterization was performed using both a new set of compounds (i.e. DMS, β-caryophyllene) as well as previously studied VOCs (i.e., isoprene, α-pinene). Using a field deployable chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (CI-ToFMS), benzene cluster cations demonstrated high sensitivity (> 1 ncps ppt−1) to DMS, isoprene, and α-pinene standards. Parallel measurements conducted using a chemical-ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer, with a weaker electric field, demonstrated that ion-molecule reactions likely proceed through a combination of ligand-switching and direct charge transfer mechanisms. Laboratory tests suggest that benzene cluster cations may be suitable for the selective ionization of sesquiterpenes, where minimal fragmentation (< 25 %) was observed for the detection of β-caryophyllene, a bicyclic sesquiterpene. The field stability of benzene cluster cations using CI-ToFMS was examined in the marine boundary layer during the High Wind Gas Exchange Study (HiWinGS). The use of benzene cluster cation chemistry for the selective detection of DMS was validated against an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer. Measurements from the two instruments were highly correlated (R2=0.80) over a wide range of sampling conditions.

scholarly journals Missing OH reactivity in the global marine boundary layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 4013-4029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Thames ◽  
William H. Brune ◽  
David O. Miller ◽  
Hannah M. Allen ◽  
Eric C. Apel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) reacts with thousands of chemical species in the atmosphere, initiating their removal and the chemical reaction sequences that produce ozone, secondary aerosols, and gas-phase acids. OH reactivity, which is the inverse of OH lifetime, influences the OH abundance and the ability of OH to cleanse the atmosphere. The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) campaign used instruments on the NASA DC-8 aircraft to measure OH reactivity and more than 100 trace chemical species. ATom presented a unique opportunity to test the completeness of the OH reactivity calculated from the chemical species measurements by comparing it to the measured OH reactivity over two oceans across four seasons. Although the calculated OH reactivity was below the limit of detection for the ATom instrument used to measure OH reactivity throughout much of the free troposphere, the instrument was able to measure the OH reactivity in and just above the marine boundary layer. The mean measured value of OH reactivity in the marine boundary layer across all latitudes and all ATom deployments was 1.9 s−1, which is 0.5 s−1 larger than the mean calculated OH reactivity. The missing OH reactivity, the difference between the measured and calculated OH reactivity, varied between 0 and 3.5 s−1, with the highest values over the Northern Hemisphere Pacific Ocean. Correlations of missing OH reactivity with formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, butanal, and sea surface temperature suggest the presence of unmeasured or unknown volatile organic compounds or oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with ocean emissions.

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Nnematicidal Volatile Organic Compounds from Deep-Sea Virgibacillus dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Huang ◽  
Chen Yu ◽  
Zongze Shao ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
Guangyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Fumigant Activity ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Contact Killing

Root-knot nematode diseases cause severe yield and economic losses each year in global agricultural production. Virgibacillus dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493, a deep-sea bacterium, shows a significant nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro. However, information about the active substances of V. dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493 is limited. In this study, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from V. dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493 were isolated and analyzed through solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Four VOCs, namely, acetaldehyde, dimethyl disulfide, ethylbenzene, and 2-butanone, were identified, and their nematicidal activities were evaluated. The four VOCs had a variety of active modes on M. incognita juveniles. Acetaldehyde had direct contact killing, fumigation, and attraction activities; dimethyl disulfide had direct contact killing and attraction activities; ethylbenzene had an attraction activity; and 2-butanone had a repellent activity. Only acetaldehyde had a fumigant activity to inhibit egg hatching. Combining this fumigant activity against eggs and juveniles could be an effective strategy to control the different developmental stages of M. incognita. The combination of direct contact and attraction activities could also establish trapping and killing strategies against root-knot nematodes. Considering all nematicidal modes or strategies, we could use V. dokdonensis MCCC 1A00493 to set up an integrated strategy to control root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Missing OH Reactivity in the Global Marine Boundary Layer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Thames ◽  
William H. Brune ◽  
David O. Miller ◽  
Hannah M. Allen ◽  
Eric C. Apel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Marine Boundary Layer ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The hydroxyl radical (OH) reacts with thousands of chemical species in the atmosphere, initiating their removal and the chemical reaction sequences that produce ozone, secondary aerosols, and gas-phase acids. OH reactivity, which is the inverse of OH lifetime, influences the OH abundance and the ability of OH to cleanse the atmosphere. The NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) campaign used instruments on the NASA DC-8 aircraft to measure OH reactivity and more than 100 trace chemical species. ATom presented a unique opportunity to test the completeness of the OH reactivity calculated from the chemical species measurements by comparing it to the measured OH reactivity over two oceans across four seasons. Although the calculated OH reactivity was below the OH reactivity instrument's limit-of-detection for much of the free troposphere, the OHR instrument was able to measure the OH reactivity in and just above the marine boundary layer. The average measured value of OH reactivity in the marine boundary layer across all latitudes and all ATom phases was 1.9 s−1, which 0.5 s−1 larger than the average calculated OH reactivity. Concurrently, missing OH reactivity, the difference between the measured and calculated OH reactivity, was measured to be ~ 0.5–2.0 s−1 at some locations in the tropics and midlatitudes. Correlations of missing OH reactivity with formaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide, butanal, and sea surface temperature suggest the presence of unmeasured or unknown volatile organic compounds or oxygenated volatile organic compounds associated with ocean emissions.

scholarly journals Underway seawater and atmospheric measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Southern Ocean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charel Wohl ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Vassilis Kitidis ◽  
Anna E. Jones ◽  
William T. Sturges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfide ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Air Mixing

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide and volatile organic compounds and are important for atmospheric chemistry. The oceanic emissions of biogenically derived gases, including dimethyl sulfide and especially isoprene, are not well constrained. The role of the ocean in the global budgets of atmospheric methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde is even more poorly known. In order to quantify the air-sea fluxes of these gases we measured their seawater concentrations and air mixing ratios in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, along a ~ 11 000 km long transect at approximately 60° S in Feb–Apr 2019. Concentrations, oceanic saturations and estimated fluxes of several simultaneously sampled volatile organic compounds (methanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, dimethyl sulfide and isoprene) are presented here. Campaign mean (± 1σ) surface water concentrations of dimethyl sulfide, isoprene, methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde were 2.60 (± 3.94), 0.0133 (± 0.0063), 67 (± 35), 5.5 (± 2.5) and 2.6 (± 2.7) nmol dm−3 respectively. In this dataset, seawater isoprene and methanol concentrations correlated positively. Furthermore, seawater acetone, methanol and isoprene concentrations were found to correlate negatively with the fugacity of carbon dioxide, possibly due to a common biological origin. Campaign mean (± 1σ) air mixing ratios of methanol, acetone and acetaldehyde were relatively low at 0.17 (± 0.08), 0.081 (± 0.031) and 0.049 (± 0.040) ppbv. We observed diel changes in averaged acetaldehyde concentrations in seawater and ambient air (and to a lesser degree also for acetone and isoprene), which suggest light-driven productions. Campaign mean (± 1σ) fluxes of 4.3 (± 7.4) µmol m−2 d−1 DMS and 0.028 (± 0.021) µmol m−2 d−1 isoprene are determined where a positive flux indicates from the ocean to the atmosphere. Methanol was largely undersaturated in the surface ocean with a mean (± 1σ) net flux of −2.4 (± 4.7) µmol m−2 d−1, but also had a few occasional episodes of outgassing This section of the Southern Ocean was found to be both a source and a sink for acetone and acetaldehyde this time of the year, depending on location, resulting in a mean flux of −0.55 (± 1.15) µmol m−2 d−1 for acetone and −0.28 (± 1.22) µmol m−2 d−1 for acetaldehyde. The data collected here will be important for constraining the oceanic source/sink of these gases and potentially help to elucidate the presence of common sources/sinks for these compounds.

The Succession of Flies of Forensic Importance Is Influenced by Volatiles Organic Compounds Emitted During the First Hours of Decomposition of Chicken Remains

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yensy María Recinos-Aguilar ◽  
María Dolores García-García ◽  
Edi A Malo ◽  
Leopoldo Cruz-López ◽  
Samuel Cruz-Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Chrysomya Rufifacies ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Cochliomyia Macellaria ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Primary Reactions ◽  
Decomposition Time ◽  
Apparent Association

Abstract After death, a series of primary reactions occur that produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are released into the environment. In this study, we investigated if the succession of flies of forensic importance in the first hours after death is mediated by VOCs in order to better understanding of the ecology of necrophagous insects. In total, 685 adult insects (Diptera and Hymenoptera) were collected by traps baited with chicken remains at different decomposition times (0, 6, 12, 24, 36, or 48 h). Of the total of insects caught, individuals from six families of Diptera can be cataloged of forensic importance. The most abundant dipteran family was Piophilidae with 213 individuals, followed by Calliphoridae with 178 specimens. Of the total flies caught, 90% were females and the rest were males. Most of the caught females were categorized as gravid, which visited more often the decaying tissues compared to nongravid females. The abundance of the flies increased in the remains with a longer time of decomposition. Six VOCs emitted in different relative quantities were identified according to the decomposition time of the remains. An apparent association was observed between the emission of ρ-cresol with Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), between the emission of phenol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide with Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart), and between the emissions of indole with Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius).

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