scholarly journals NEOCLASSICAL NATURE AND BACKGROUND OF BETA CONVERGENCE BETEWEEN COUNTRIES/REGIONS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Verstiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Neoclassical Model ◽  
Convergence Clubs ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional Economic Policy ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
Beta Convergence

The methodological basis of beta-convergence concept (which is based on the neoclassical model of growth) is studied. According to the theory of convergence, there is a set of countries (regions, provinces) that are members of the so-called "convergence clubs" i.e. in these countries (or regions) there is the process of convergence of their social and economic development towards more developed countries (regions). Numerous empirical studies of scientists around the world on this topic are currently a powerful basis for the development of appropriate regional economic policy by governments. The period since the 1980s is characterized by increased interest of researchers in the convergence processes of regions and countries, as such processes have important positive consequences for the welfare of the population, economic growth and are the basis for effective regional policy. Today, a large number of scientists from around the world annually publish dozens of research results based on the use of convergence, which is based on a non-classical model of growth. However, these studies should take into account the nature of non-classical growth models, their shortcomings and make appropriate modifications to the classical model. Given the above in this context it is common to analyze the features of the neoclassical model, the main of which is the non-competitive nature of the ideas underlying the technology. An analysis of the features of the neoclassical model of growth, the main of which is the non-competitive nature of the ideas underlying the technology. It was found that the level of growth of the economy, which is below the steady state, is high and gradually decreases over time. The author proves the existence of certain conditions for the usage of beta-convergence in empirical studies. First, in the models, the growth rate of per capita income and its corresponding initial value are usually inversely dependent, and therefore the testing of the hypothesis of convergence of countries/regions should be based on the assessment of such dependence. Second, the Cobb-Douglas production function must have the property of a permanent effect of scale, which requires its empirical study.

An investigation into the core appeals for nation branding to attract and retain talent to enhance a country’s competitiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 584-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Silvanto ◽  
Jason Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

PurposeThis study aims to empirically examine the most common appeals recommended for use in nation branding campaigns to attract and retain skilled professionals from abroad to enhance a country’s economic competitiveness. To assess this, the authors examine how the image and reputation of a country as a destination and location for talent compare to its actual performance in terms of attracting and retaining skilled professionals. This comparison provides useful insights into the aspects of a country’s reputation that matter most for attracting the talent it needs to enhance its competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a multivariate analysis to examine a sample of 122 countries using secondary data from the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, the UNDP and other non-governmental sources, such as the Martin Prosperity Institute at the University of Toronto. It then tests the results using a sample of 35 OECD countries to assess whether they apply to all types of countries equally.FindingsThe study finds that the two most important factors for ensuring that a country is maximizing its potential to attract skilled professionals are the availability of employment and the degree of ethnic and cultural diversity within the host country. The most important factor for ensuring that a country is maximizing its potential to retain talent, the study finds, is the availability of employment. This does not mean that other factors do not matter, but employment and diversity are crucial for attracting talent from abroad.Research limitations/implicationsThe study also tests the overall results of the study by using a smaller sample of 35 OECD countries. It finds that the availability of employment and high levels of GDP per capita (i.e. wealth) is important for attracting and retaining skilled professionals in more industrially developed countries.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the few empirical studies to examine nation branding to attract and retain talent from abroad to enhance national competitiveness. Its findings suggest that a multifaceted and holistic framework-based approach to nation branding to attract talent, such as that recommended by Silvanto and Ryan (2014), is less likely to work in the short term than an approach which primarily emphasizes employment and diversity.

scholarly journals Sung-Hee Jwa. A General Theory of Economic Development—Towards a Capitalist Manifesto. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. 2017. x+215 pages. Price UK £ 67.50 (Hardback).

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Developed Countries

A General Theory of Economic Development is yet another attempt to demystify the underlining causes of underdevelopment and economic stagnation, and to offer a theory of economic development, which has proved to be an elusive quest for most of the world economies. Apart from a handful of developed economies, most of the other world economies are merely also-rans in the quest for economic development. In fact, even those economies that have been growing at respectable rates over the last decade or two, such as China, cannot yet claim to be developed countries. It is in this backdrop that Sung-Hee Jwa has written this book that offers a theory of economic development. It is a daring attempt as it departs from the standard growth models and development theories and challenges the conventional wisdom. The theory put forth in the book, according to the author, is not only applicable to the developing, or underdeveloped, countries, but is equally applicable to the developed countries, hence meriting the word ‘general’ in the title.

scholarly journals Defence Spending and Economic Growth: Re-examining the Issue of Causality for Pakistan and India

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 1109-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

What is the impact of carrying a heavy defence burden on the country’s economic development and growth? Views expressed in the literature1 argue that national defence is a consumption good which reduces economic growth by reducing saving and capital investment. A number of empirical studies have investigated the possible trade-offs between defence spending and other government expenditures like health and education. Empirical evidence concerning the relationship between defence spending and economic growth for developed countries is not inconsistent with the view that defence reduced the resources available for investment and hurts economic growth. See, for example, Benoit (1973). The evidence for developing countries, however, has not been entirely consistent or conclusive.2 Benoit (1978), using data on 44 less developed countries (LDCs) for the period 1950–65, found a strong positive association between defence spending and growth of civilian output per capita. Fredericksen and Looney (1982), using data for the period 1960–78 on a large cross-section, concluded that increased defence spending assists economic growth in resource-rich countries and not in resource-constraint ones. Using a sample of 54 LDCs pertaining to the period 1965–73, Lim (1983) found that defence spending hurts economic growth. Biswas and Ram (1986) in a sample of 58 LDCs for time-periods 1960–70 and 1970–77, using conventional and augmented growth models, concluded that military expenditures neither help nor hurt economic growth to any significant extent.

scholarly journals The Effect And Influence Of Country-Of-Origin On Consumers Perception Of Product Quality And Purchasing Intentions

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrychand D. Kalicharan
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
Competitive Nature

This study evaluated the effect of country-of-origin on consumers perception of product quality in developed and emerging economies. The author reviewed several empirical studies conducted over several years and found that when consumers were aware of certain country characteristics, they were more inclined to use country-of-origin as an external cue in evaluating product quality and guiding their purchasing decision process. Consumers conferred a higher evaluation of product quality on products produced in developed countries, owing to the technological advances and competitive nature of the markets in these countries. Further, the study revealed that in certain countries, consumers prefer products manufactured locally, owning to ethnocentrism and patriotism. It further identified the challenges faced by multinational corporations as they explore the possibilities of outsourcing the manufacturing of their products to international countries in an effort to reduce cost and maintain price competitiveness. However, given the continuous globalization of markets, it is possible to neutralize the effect of country-of-origin on the evaluation of product quality and the influence on purchasing decisions. Evidence from the literature revealed that if other forms of product quality attributes were highlighted during the products promotion and marketing campaigns, country-of-origin would have low effect on consumers perception of product quality.

Employee engagement and the work-family conflict relationship: The role of personal and organisational resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-138
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Ethelbert Amah
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Operational Issues

Organisations in Africa face constant challenges on account of internal operational issues, and the economic and political situation on the continent. Hence, organisations in Africa and indeed all over the world are expected to be continuously efficient and effective in the use of scarce resources in order to survive. Accordingly, studies conducted all over the world, including in Africa, have established that high employee engagement is beneficial to organisations, because engaged employees exhibit discretionary behaviour that achieves superior business results. However, some studies suggest that organisations are also faced with the undesirable situation in which highly engaged employees experience high levels of work-family conflict. This relationship has implications for both productivity and ethical aspects, and past empirical studies have been unable to suggest a way out. This study proposes that, on the basis of the conservation of resources model and job demand and resources model, organisational and personal resources could play a major role in resolving the dilemma. Hierarchical regression analysis confirmed that organisational resources, servant leadership and personal resources were able to provide a solution, so that individuals with high values of these resources experienced less work-family conflict. The study also discussed the practical implications of the results for HRM and sustainability HRM.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

WTO SUCCESSOR TO GATT

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Arif Sultan
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries

Within a short span of time a number of economic blocs have emergedon the world horizon. In this race, all countriedeveloped, developingand underdeveloped-are included. Members of the North America FreeTrade Agreement (NAITA) and the European Economic Community(EEC) are primarily of the developed countries, while the EconomicCooperation Organization (ECO) and the Association of South EastAsian Nations (ASEAN) are of the developing and underdevelopedAsian countries.The developed countries are scrambling to create hegemonies throughthe General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT). In these circumstances,economic cooperation among Muslim countries should be onthe top of their agenda.Muslim countries today constitute about one-third of the membershipof the United Nations. There are around 56 independentMuslim states with a population of around 800 million coveringabout 20 percent of the land area of the world. Stretchingbetween Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, the Muslim Worldstraddles from North Africa to Indonesia, in two major Islamicblocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africa to Indonesia,in two major blocs, they are concentrated in the heart of Africaand Asia and a smaller group in South and Southeast Asia.'GATT is a multilateral agreement on tariffs and trade establishing thecode of rules, regulations, and modalities regulating and operating internationaltrade. It also serves as a forum for discussions and negotiations ...

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document