scholarly journals ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS ON THE BASIS OF INCREASING THE PROFITABILITY OF ENTERPRISES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF "NESTLE UKRAINE")

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Gnylianska ◽  
◽  
Lesia Say ◽  
Liliana Lenjo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Competitive Products

This article is devoted to aspects of development of international economic relations on the basis of profitability of the enterprise, on the example of Ltd «Nestle S.A». As an active and universal tool for state regulation of economic and social processes in the state, profit concentrates the interests of entrepreneurial structures, individual participants in economic activity, various parts of the economy. The profitability of enterprises is due to the development of the market economy, since the efficiency of financial and economic activity of enterprises has a positive impact on the economic potential of the country. Each company improves its financial position by trying to get the highest return. Consequently, obtaining positive results and income can correspond to a complex financial situation, which can lead to a decrease in the most important financial indicator of the enterprise - the amount of income, which will lead to insolvency and bankruptcy of the enterprise. The article focuses on the areas of profitability in the conditions of work at the enterprise on the basis of acquired theoretical skills in different situations and analysis of the main ways of increasing the profitability of the enterprise, as well as developing practical recommendations for improving the formation, planning and distribution of profits on the example of Ltd «Nestle S.A». This circumstance causes the relevance and scientific problems of the study. The article systematized a set of factors influencing the profitability of the enterprise to achieve an economic result. The analysis of features and methods of evaluation of profitability of the analyzed enterprise is carried out. Trends in the development of its production and economic activity and trends in the development of international economic relations are studied. Applied recommendations for improving the development of international economic relations on the basis of increasing profitability have been developed. Offered to this enterprise Ltd «Nestle S.A» implementation of measures to improve the quality and safety of production, sales and management processes, namely: improving the quality of manufactured and sold goods and the efficiency of the technologies used, improving the skills of employees involved in the production process and their motivation, reducing the cost of production by purchasing raw materials from domestic manufacturers and producing competitive products, will be able to increase the volume of production and sales of products, improving commodity specialization, and this, in turn, will lead to an increase in the amount of profit received.

The Russian Empire and the Countries of the African Continent: From the First Contacts to Regular Economic Interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Aigul R. Nurieva ◽  
◽  
Marat Z. Gibadullin ◽  
Diana I. Zainutdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Empire

The current state of the world economy is characterized by instability and mobility. In the context of a protracted crisis, aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, competitive contradictions between the leading actors in international economic relations and world politics are exacerbating. Each of them is trying to fix the positions they have won in the world arena, resorting to the tools of economic and military diplomacy to achieve their strategic goals. The confrontation between old and new world leaders of the world economy is being transferred not only to traditional markets, but also to new ones, which were previously on the periphery of their economic interests. The African continent today, like in the nineteenth century, attracts more and more close attention of the leading states of the world. Rich in natural resources, it becomes an arena for the struggle for control over it from the United States, China, and European countries. Taking into account the fact that for Russia the field of foreign economic activity has significantly narrowed in recent years, its return to Africa should become one of the priorities of the national foreign economic strategy. In the above context, it seems relevant to comprehensively study the stages of development of economic relations between Russia and African countries and, based on historical experience, to identify the shortcomings and failures of economic policy in relations with African partners. When writing the article, the authors used general scientific research methods, primarily the dialectical method of cognition, the logical and historical method, deduction and induction, and mathematical methods. In the course of the study, the following results were achieved. (1) Based on the analysis of historical documents, the nature of the economic relations of the Russian Empire with African countries at various stages of their evolution has been determined. It has been established that, at the initial stage of interaction, Russia, in its desire to establish economic contacts with the states in the region, relied on the principle of respect for their sovereignty as independent states, independent subjects of international economic relations; however, at the following stage, associated with the beginning of the colonial division of Africa by the European powers, Russia was forced to passively participate in the colonial aggression against the countries of the region, entering into international agreements with the colonialists on the status of African countries. (2) Based on the processing of statistical data on the foreign trade of the Russian Empire with African countries and territories, a tendency has been revealed that characterizes the gradual curtailment of Russia’s economic activity in this region.

scholarly journals THE POSITION OF THE FINANCIAL COMPONENT IN THE PARADIGM OF MODERN ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Kostyantyn Flissak ◽  
Darya Glukhova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Diplomacy ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning of the 21st century, most subjects of international economic relations announced a course to liberalize the world economy both as a whole and as its individual components. At the same time, under the influence of geopolitical and geo-economic aspirations, state instruments of a protectionist nature were increasingly used. Global economic development has become a hostage to such processes. In such circumstances, the efficiency of individual business entities has begun to decline. Innovative tools were needed to prevent this. One of them was economic diplomacy, which has acquired a special role in providing the promotion of the interests of both national economies as a whole and their individual subjects. At the same time, economic diplomacy itself covers different areas of economic activity and not all of them are investigated to the same extent. The purpose of the article is to study and analyze the financial component of economic diplomacy in modern conditions, the specifics of its formation and development, aimed at improving the national system of promoting national interests both within the state and abroad. To achieve this goal, the research is focused on the following tasks: to consider and analyze the theoretical basis of the financial component of economic diplomacy, to highlight its manifestations in various forms of international economic relations, to determine the main imperatives of state support for international investment partnership. Special attention is paid to the issues of external borrowing and the movement of public debt funds from the point of view of the influence of economic diplomacy on them. Based on the results of this review, a whole number of theoretical conclusions were made, which at the same time establish the basis for further research of the considered problem. Methodology. In the process of preparing the article, methods of scientific abstraction, observation, analysis and synthesis, generalization, as well as statistical and economic methods were used to assess a number of financial and economic indicators of state development in order to identify the weaknesses and prospects for the impact of economic diplomacy tools on them. The information and analytical base for the study are materials and analytical reports of international organizations dealing with the issues under consideration (UNCTAD, IMF, World Bank), regulatory and statistical data of state authorities of Ukraine and the United States, the results of scientific research of modern scientists from different countries. The results of the study show that providing the proper efficiency of foreign economic activity requires the use of a set of tools to promote and support its subjects. Economic diplomacy plays a significant role in this sphere. The development level of international economic relations actualizes the justification of the modern paradigm of the financial component, mechanisms for applying the tools of economic diplomacy in financial issues. All this requires a clear delineation and structuring of object-by-object areas and directions of efforts. Only on this basis, an effective mechanism for implementing the financial component of economic diplomacy can be formed. The practical implications of the scientific research are to find out the current state of economic diplomacy mechanisms in the financial sphere, trends in their development, and potential consequences for other states (including Ukraine). Value/originality. The studied mechanisms and practice of using economic diplomacy in the sphere of the financial component, in particular in issues of interstate investment partnership, external government borrowing, and work with public debt deserve attention from the relevant state structures of Ukraine on the implementation of tools and standards of economic diplomacy in this area. In addition, this study can serve as a basis for further research, since the considered problem contains the significant potential for further investigations in subsequent scientific publications.

scholarly journals THE CHOICE JUSTIFICATION FOR INTERNATIONAL PRODUCTION COOPERATION FORMS: TECHNOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATION ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nebaba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Industrial Cooperation ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
International Production ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
International Economic Relations

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the essential nature of the world labor division's influence on the social production organization and the international economic relations trade parameters. The theoretical substantiation and approaches development for generalizing the essence and choosing industrial cooperation forms in international economic relations have been considered the research's purpose. The prerequisites for the production and technological connectivity emergence between the creating new value cooperative chain participants have been generalized. The specific nature of the economic cooperation forms content has been established. This content's essence is based on the contradictory intertwining of different socio-economic landmarks of the cooperation participants. The necessity of considering the specifics of economic content and features of the mechanism of long-term cooperation and differentiation of levels of participants' economic potential in partnership in justifying the choice of forms of international industrial cooperation is proved. The interconnection and interdependence of economic integration and production cooperation in international economic relations have been defined by taking into account the current level of business dependence and administrative coordination of various partnership entities' activity plans. The ambiguous essence is revealed, the consequences of using the toll raw materials in the international production and cooperation relations operations have been revealed. The positivity of the economic integration global aspect manifestation in international industrial cooperation has been proved by the cooperation structural and organizational forms significant expansion. The core and system-forming nature of the cooperative relation participants' unity level influence on choosing international production cooperation form have been revealed. The characteristics of international production cooperation structural and organizational forms such as cluster formations, business incubators, industrial parks, technology parks, innovation centers have been provided.

scholarly journals FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF UKRAINE: FISCAL CONSEQUENCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Dermanska
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the development of international economic relations and identifies the impact of the taxation system on the import of goods into Ukraine on the fiscal consequences for domestic priorities. In particular, it is analyzed the share of VAT on imported goods in the structure of state budget revenues for 2016-December 2020, the dynamics of excise tax on goods imported into Ukraine and depending on the object of taxation in 2019, the volume and share of import duties in the structure revenues of the State budget. Particular attention is paid to issues related to the filling of the budget, namely, attention is focused on the structure of objects from which excise tax was paid on imports. In particular, the importance of such tools for regulating foreign economic activity as import duties is revealed, but its share in the structure of customs duties is not the most significant, and VAT charges significantly exceed revenues from customs duties on imports. It is emphasized that the priority task to overcome the existing contradictions in the field of foreign trade should be the introduction of an effective and adequate to the requirements of the time model of foreign economic activity. Because, as the results of a study of the activities of domestic enterprises - subjects of foreign economic activity show, the current model is outdated and inefficient and can not ensure the development of this area. The current state of affairs requires a number of sound management decisions backed by political will and economic expediency, and most importantly, not only in the field of fiscal policy. Therefore, the study of the peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign economic activity in the development of international economic relations and determining the impact of value added tax, excise tax and duties on fiscal consequences for domestic priorities allows us to determine that for a full-fledged solution of this range of issues requires a comprehensive approach and the formation of an appropriate strategy, the fundamental basis of which should be the concept of ensuring the fiscal interests of the state.

scholarly journals Model of analysis of the evolution of international economic exchanges

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Constantin Anghelache ◽  
Gabriela Victoria Anghelache ◽  
Mădălina-Gabriela Anghel
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Domestic Activity ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Exchanges

Abstract The economic activity of a country is achieved both by domestic activity and by international economic and technical-scientific exchanges. International commercial activity is a necessary one nowadays. This is because there is no state capable of performing an autarchic activity. Regardless of of the technical, scientific, resource, and level of development, any state needs to participate in international economic, technical and scientific exchanges. Through international economic exchanges, the need for resources, means of production, labor resources or goods and services is completed. Also in this economic activity of international exchanges is realized the capitalization of surplus production, goods and services, surplus fixed capital, which is offered for export or as a possibility of cooperation in international projects. Thus, the activity of international exchanges is a necessity for each state. Under the conditions of the European Union, in which Romania is a member, there are a number of facilities and in this respect they are being implemented or are being implemented under the European Directive on trade without borders. In this respect, between the Community countries, in the exchange of goods and services, protection measures such as the import tax are no longer practiced and VAT is no longer charged. The international economic exchanges are a significant role in the final result materialized in the level of gross domestic product achieved in each period of time. The countries that import and do it to supplement domestic needs means that they spend part of the value realized in domestic activity to make imports. The exports are made with surplus goods and services that go to other states. In the European Union there are intra-community economic exchanges, complemented by extra-community international economic relations. The authors have studied this aspect and have found that intra-community economic relations have developed more intensively than non-EU economic relations over the last period. In other respects, states are grouped into two categories, ie states with surplus international economic relations, ie states that export more than imports and the second group, countries with activities in the international deficient relations, which imports more than just exports. Comparison between exports and imports results in net exports that may be a surplus or deficit. Romania has always been a deficit country since 1990 and it has to be analyzed in the sense that, due to the difference in favor of imports, part of the gross domestic product made in Romania diminishes with this deficit. The authors, by analyzing this data, highlight how the activity of international economic exchanges has evolved.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION OF A MECHANISM FOR STATE REGULATION OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES IN THE REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Lobas ◽  
◽  
Elena Petryaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Cost

The article deals with modern mechanisms for managing social protection of the population by the state and the private sector. From the point of view of forms of state regulation of the sphere of social protection, system indicators usually include the state and dynamics of growth in the standard of living of the population, material goods, services and social guarantees for the poorly provided segments of the population. The main indicator among the above is the state of the consumer market, as one of the main factors in the development of the state. Priority areas of public administration with the use of various forms of social security have been identified. It should be emphasized that, despite the legislative conflicts that exist today in Ukraine, mandatory indexation of the cost of living is established, which is associated with inflation. Various scientists note that although the definition of the cost of living index has a well-established methodology, there are quite a lot of regional features in the structure of consumption. All this is due to restrictions that are included in the consumer basket of goods and different levels of socio-economic development of regions. The analysis of the establishment and periodic review of the minimum consumer budgets of the subsistence minimum and wages of the working population and the need to form state insurance funds for unforeseen circumstances is carried out. Considering in this context the levers of state management of social guarantees of the population, we drew attention to the crisis periods that are associated with the market transformation of the regional economy. In these conditions, there is a need to develop and implement new mechanisms and clusters in the system of socio-economic relations. The components of the mechanisms ofstate regulation ofsocial guarantees of the population are proposed. The deepening of market relations in the process of reforming the system of social protection of the population should be aimed at social well-being.

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