Medicalization and Biomedicalization Revisited: Technoscience and Transformations of Health, Illness and Biomedicine

2009 ◽  
pp. 209-241
Author(s):  
Adele E. Clarke ◽  
Janet K. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Politics Of Life

- In this article, we review the history of medicalization theory and then offer a historicized definition of biomedicalization. We consider the relationships between biomedicalization and other contemporary theorizing, seeking in particular to situate the concept explicitly in relation to recent scholarship on the politics of life itself. We discuss how biomedicalization processes dovetail with such politics of life as they are engaged individually, collectively, and at the level of population, including issues of bioeconomy, biocapital, citizenship and enhancement. We then address and respond to several critiques of biomedicalization theory, that question its "newness", omnipresence, and determinism. In conclusion, we discuss the relations among medicalization, biomedicalization and medical sociology and offer directions for future research.Keywords: biomedicalization, medicalization, technoscience, health, politics of life, optimization.Parole chiave: biomedicalizzazione, medicalizzazione, tecnoscienza, salute, politica della vita, ottimizzazione.

Medicalizzazione e biomedicalizzazione rivisitate: tecno-scienze e trasformazioni di salute, malattia e biomedicina

2009 ◽  
pp. 223-257
Author(s):  
Adele E. Clarke ◽  
Janet K. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Medical Sociology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Politics Of Life

- In this article, we review the history of medicalization theory and then offer a historicized definition of biomedicalization. We consider the relationships between biomedicalization and other contemporary theorizing, seeking in particular to situate the concept explicitly in relation to recent scholarship on the politics of life itself. We discuss how biomedicalization processes dovetail with such politics of life as they are engaged individually, collectively, and at the level of population, including issues of bioeconomy, biocapital, citizenship and enhancement. We then address and respond to several critiques of biomedicalization theory, that question its newness, omnipresence, and determinism. In conclusion, we discuss the relations among medicalization, biomedicalization and medical sociology and offer directions for future research.Keywords: biomedicalization, medicalization, technoscience, health, politics of life, optimization.Parole chiave: biomedicalizzazione, medicalizzazione, tecnoscienza, salute, politica della vita, ottimizzazione.

Web 2.0 Social Networking Sites

2010 ◽  
pp. 248-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sandy Staples
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Web

This chapter describes one of the Web 2.0 technologies, Social Networking Sites (SNS). A definition of SNS is offered, as is a short history of these sites. The existing research is reviewed and organized to summarize what we know about SNS usage (from the perspectives of student use, general population use and organizational use), and what we know about the antecedents and outcomes of SNS use. The chapter concludes with discussion of new developments, challenges and opportunities. There are many opportunities for future research and organizational applications of SNS as SNS adoption grows at incredible rates.

scholarly journals Aggressive multiple sclerosis (2): Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Arrambide ◽  
Ellen Iacobaeus ◽  
Maria Pia Amato ◽  
Tobias Derfuss ◽  
Sandra Vukusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
European Committee ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The natural history of multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly heterogeneous. A subgroup of patients has what might be termed aggressive MS. These patients may have frequent, severe relapses with incomplete recovery and are at risk of developing greater and permanent disability at the earlier stages of the disease. Their therapeutic window of opportunity may be narrow, and while it is generally considered that they will benefit from starting early with a highly efficacious treatment, a unified definition of aggressive MS does not exist and data on its treatment are largely lacking. Based on discussions at an international focused workshop sponsored by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), we review our current knowledge about treatment of individuals with aggressive MS. We analyse the available evidence, identify gaps in knowledge and suggest future research needed to fill those gaps. A companion paper details the difficulties in developing a consensus about what defines aggressive MS.

Apocalyptic and Wisdom Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 474-492
Author(s):  
Bennie H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Wisdom Literature ◽  
Apocalyptic Literature ◽  
Ancient Judaism ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Literature ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Important Progress

“Apocalyptic Literature” and “Wisdom Literature” are broad designations that represent widely recognized categories of inquiry in the fields of ancient Judaism, early Christianity, and beyond. The relationship between the two has been a prominent topic of study over the last five decades. Beyond their familiar connotations, one finds a complicated and contested relationship in recent scholarship on ancient Jewish and Christian literature. This article attempts to disambiguate both the terms and the recent history of research in order to highlight some of the most important progress made and some of the most promising avenues for future research.

Diversity Leadership in the Community College

2013 ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
RaShaunda V. Sterling ◽  
James R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Community College Student ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Community College Leadership ◽  
College Leadership ◽  
Community College Administrators ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Diversity Leadership

The chapter examines the disconnection between the diversity of community college students and community college administrators. The history of community colleges in the United States is presented, along with the demographics of the typical community college student. A definition of leadership is provided, and theories of diversity leadership are discussed. Methods of producing greater diversity at the administrative level are also explained. In particular, Kotter’s eight-stage model for organizational change is presented as a means of altering a college’s culture to promote greater diversity leadership. Further, strategies that can be used to increase diversity in community college leadership, with an emphasis on the role that technology can play in promoting diversity leadership, are presented. Directions for future research are shared.

Exit Cost Analysis: A New Approach to the Scientific Study of Brainwashing1

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Zablocki
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
Movement Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Exit Costs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT: This is the second part of a two-part article about brainwashing. In the first part, published in the premier issue of this jounal, I discussed the history of this much maligned concept and attempted to rescue it from the fruitless culture wars in which it has become entangled. I offered a limited and precise definition of brainwashing with the goal of making it a useful concept in the social-psychological study of disaffiliation from religious movements. In this second installment, I attempt to complete the rehabilitation of brainwashing, transforming it from an ideological shibboleth to a carefully defined, limited, and useful sociological concept. The first step in this process is to reframe the concept as a tool for studying the neglected problem of religious disaffiliation. This involves theoretical reframing within the context of rational action theory and substantive reframing within the context of the investigation of external and internal costs of leaving a religious community. In contrast to some of the more grandiose claims sometimes made for brainwashing as the sole explanation of cult movement behavior, I argue instead that brainwashing is only one of the factors that need to be examined in order to understand the more general phenomenon of exit costs as a barrier to free religious choice. Reframed in this manner, I then go on to establish the scientific validity of this reframed concept. But a concept may be valid and still not be very useful if it refers to events that occur only rarely. Therefore I next go on to present evidence that there are events which occur fairly frequently in cult movements for which the brainwashing conjecture offers one plausible explanation. Next, I discuss four alternative conjectures that purport to explain much the same phenomena and demonstrate that the brainwashing conjecture holds its own with any of them. In the final section of this paper, I speculate about ways of going beyond mere conjectural plausibility to the development of a testable theory. I point to some directions for future research that may eventually allow us to identify the actual processes by which brainwashing brings about a significant and, at times, overwhelming increase in the cost of disaffiliating from religious communities.

A review of entitlement

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Jordan ◽  
Sheryl Ramsay ◽  
Kristie M. Westerlaken
Keyword(s):  
Personality Trait ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Construct Definition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

Interest in employee entitlement perceptions is increasing in academia and in organizations. Entitlement has a long history of being conceptualized as a personality trait in psychology closely aligned with narcissism. Research on workplace entitlement has generally revealed links with negative workplace behaviors, indicating costly outcomes for individuals, teams, and organizations. Our aim in this article is to review the literature on workplace entitlement perceptions, identifying how the construct has changed definition over time, and indicating related constructs that impact on research within industrial and organizational psychology. This review progresses research in this field by examining the nomological network around entitlement and resolving current inconsistencies in the construct definition of entitlement in the workplace, and establishing a set of firm future research directions for entitlement research.

Interdisciplinary Studies of the Civil War Era: Recent Trends and Future Prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-383
Author(s):  
MICHAEL E. WOODS
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
History Of Emotions ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Interdisciplinary Scholarship

Interdisciplinary scholarship on the era of the American Civil War has invigorated a well-trodden field. This essay addresses recent scholarship on the history of emotions, medicine, and the environment in the Civil War era, analyzing key themes and suggesting areas for future research. Together, these fields have added nuance to the “dark turn” in Civil War studies, historicized concepts often treated ahistorically, and allowed Civil War historians to engage in meaningful conversations with scholars in other fields and disciplines.

scholarly journals Sprachliche Zweifelsfälle als linguistischer Gegenstand. Zur Einführung in ein vergessenes Thema der Sprachwissenschaft.

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Peter Klein
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Century Thought

The term "sprachlicher Zweifelsfall" ('linguistic case of doubt') is not yet well established in the terminology of linguistics. The first part of the paper therefore outlines a definition of "sprachlicher Zweifelsfall" and a classification of various types. Basically, the definition takes up the fact that even fully competent speakers sometimes do not know definitely which variant to choose from two (or more) alternatives. Doubts like this evolve on all levels of language (phonetics, morphology, lexic, syntax, semantics). Considering the emergence of "Zweifelsfälle", it is argued that they arise mainly from the existence of written language and more or less standardized varieties of language. At least some of their features refer to the specific conceptual conditions of writing and reading. In the second part of the paper, the "Zweifelsfälle" are reconceived in so far as they have been treated in the newer history of German discourse on language, including both popular and philological discussion. Starting in 19th century thought, they became symbolic means of social distinction. In contrast, linguists tended to neglect the existence of "Zweifelsfälle" because they did not fit in well with their theories on language. The paper ends with several theses dealing with possible future research on the topic.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Brittany Pladek
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Literature And Medicine ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Single Author ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

This introduction gives an overview of recent scholarship in Romanticism and the medical humanities. It argues that medical humanists are indebted to a Romantic belief that literature cures by making people whole again—what this book calls therapeutic holism. After critiquing therapeutic holism for its limiting assumptions about selfhood and literature’s powers, the introduction offers an alternative in palliative poetics, a model for literary therapy grounded in Romantic writers’ affinity to Georgian medical ethics. It shows how this focus on ethics reorients Romantic scholarship on literature and medicine, which has mostly restricted its definition of medicine to medical science. Finally, this introduction outlines the book’s six chapters: two introductory chapters on the intellectual history of therapeutic holism and four single-author illustrations of palliative poetics.

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