scholarly journals HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE AMNESTY INSTITUTE IN UKRAINIAN LAND

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
С. І. Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Times ◽  
Partial Release ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The study deals with the peculiarities of the application and the main periods of formation of the institution of amnesty in the Ukrainian lands. It is noted that in the classical modern sense, amnesty is mostly considered an act of full or partial release from criminal liability and punishment of certain categories of persons guilty of crimes and emphasizes the differences between this term and the concept of “pardon” for specific persons. It is noted that, contrary to the view that amnesty is a common practice in the post-Soviet space, it has been used since ancient times, such as in Athens and Rome (when “full forgiveness and forgetfulness” was used against Roman citizens, and by higher authorities on specific wrongdoings). actions that were considered crimes and those who committed them), and in modern conditions amnesty is applied in some Western European countries (Italy, etc.). It is pointed out that elements of amnesty have been found in Ukrainian lands since the times of Kievan Rus, and later in Ukrainian lands as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian Empire. It is noted that by the twentieth century. In Ukrainian lands, there was no separate institution of amnesty in the legislation, amnesty was considered an element of pardon and was not separate. The article notes that there are different views on the periodization of the formation and development of the amnesty institution in Ukraine in particular, and criminal science and law in general, and suggests that the periodization may not coincide with the existence of different state systems in Ukraine, as it should be based on scientific opinions and their implementation in regulations in force in the Ukrainian lands. The article emphasizes that during the period of independent Ukraine there is an active process of change and development of the national legal system in general and the institution of amnesty in particular.

THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON LIABILITY FOR FRAUD IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Arkhipov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

The article examines the history of the emergence and development of Russian legislation on criminal liability for fraud. It is noted that for the first time fraud is mentioned in the legal acts of the second half of the 16th century - the Codes of Justice of Tsars Ivan IV and Fyodor Ioannovich. Initially, fraud was most often understood as a deft but petty theft, in which de-ception was used to facilitate its commission. The understanding of fraud as the theft of other people's property, committed by deception, began to be formed only in the second half of the 18th century with the publication on April 3, 1781 by Empress Catherine II of the Decree "On the court and punishments for theft of different kinds and the establishment of working houses in all the gubernias." In the 19th century, the clarifying process of the content of the term "fraud" continued. It was reflected in the first codified criminal laws of the Russian Empire - Code of crimi-nal and corrective penalties of Russia of 1845 and the Charter on Punishments imposed by the justices of the peace of 1864. A significant contribution to the development of the Russian criminal law on liability for fraud was made by a group of legal scholars involved in the de-velopment of the Criminal Code of the Russian Empire, in which the whole Chapter 33 (Arti-cles 591-598) contained the rules on liability for fraud. Although the 1903 Criminal Code was not fully enacted, it had a significant impact on the formation of criminal law on liability for fraud in subsequent regulations. During the Soviet period, the legislation on the responsibility for fraud continued to develop. For the first time, abuse of trust was mentioned as a method of crime, along with deception. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the adoption in 1993 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law 10 of 01.07.1994 made signifi-cant changes to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960 that served as the basis for the system of crimes against property in modern Russia.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Awarding of Correspondents of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878

2019 ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Angelina V. Manakhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Deputy Minister ◽  
Foreign Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Times ◽  
History Of Journalism ◽  
State Relations ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to a brief analysis of the previously unknown archival file “On awarding of former newspaper correspondent Rose and Colonel Brukenberry.” It refers to military reporters William Kinnaird Rose and Charles Brackenbury who accompanied the army of the Russian Empire in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878. William Rose represented provincial press of Great Britain; he wrote for the Scottish newspaper “The Scotsman.” Charles Brackenbury, Colonel of the British army, was absent with leave during the campaign; his reports were published in “The Times.” The file “On awarding of former newspaper correspondent Rose and Colonel Brackenbury” contains the correspondence of the Russian embassy in London with Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs N. K. Girs. William Rose made a request at the embassy to reward him for the last war campaign. This request was granted and a light bronze medal “In memory of the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-1878” was sent to the correspondent. Immediately afterward, Charles Brackenbury made a similar request; there is no information on the receipt of the award in his case. Researchers were aware of the awarding of several correspondents during the campaign, including Colonel Brackenbury, but not that it continued after the campaign. With the discovery of documents on the awarding in 1879, it can be said that the Russian authorities encouraged foreign journalists, possibly in order to maintain friendly state-to-state relations. The document also shows that the correspondents made their request at the Russian embassy in London; as far as we know, it was not habitual procedure during the hostilities, when command representatives applied for medals. It is also worth noting that information on the awarding of William Rose was not published previously in either Russian or foreign sources. The new material allows to deepen the existing knowledge on the activities of foreign correspondents in the Russo-Turkish war. The issue has been addressed rarely if ever, and always in precedent-setting, hence the author’s interest in the topic: for the first time in the history of journalism, relations with foreign and Russian correspondents were cultivated in the wartime; for the first time correspondents admitted to the theater of operation were recommended for state awards of the Russian Empire.

HISTORY OF MEDICINE DEVELOPMENT IN TURKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
Mamarazok Tagaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medicine Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire

In the article, after the conquest of the Russian Empire in the province, hospitals were opened for the Russian military and turned them into a hospital. Opened hospitals in Tashkent, Samarkand and Kattakurgan and outpatients for women and men. However,the local population, fearing doctors in uniform, did not want to contact them and turned to healers and paramedics

TERMEZ AS THE FORPOST OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Jalalitdin Mirzaev ◽  
◽  
Abdusalom Khuzhanazarov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article discusses the history of Termez as an outpost of the Russian Empire on the border with Afghanistan

A New Step in the Study of the History of the Russian Prosecutor’s Office

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The paper is a review on the textbook by A. V. Yeremin, «The History of the National Prosecutor’s office» and the anthology «The Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Empire in the Documents of 1722–1917» (authors: V. V. Lavrov, A. V. Eremin, edited by N. M. Ivanov) published at the St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation in 2018. The reviewers emphasize the high relevance and high level of research, their theoretical and practical significance. The textbook and the anthology will help the students increase their legal awareness, expand their horizons.

Битвазапрошлое:храмсвятогоГеоргия вИзраавэпицентре церковно-политическойборьбыконцаXIXв.

2019 ◽  
pp. 256-281
Author(s):  
E.M. Kopot`
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The article brings up an obscure episode in the rivalry of the Orthodox and Melkite communities in Syria in the late 19th century. In order to strengthen their superiority over the Orthodox, the Uniates attempted to seize the church of St. George in Izraa, one of the oldest Christian temples in the region. To the Orthodox community it presented a threat coming from a wealthier enemy backed up by the See of Rome and the French embassy. The only ally the Antioch Patriarchate could lean on for support in the fight for its identity was the Russian Empire, a traditional protector of the Orthodox Arabs in the Middle East. The documents from the Foreign Affairs Archive of the Russian Empire, introduced to the scientific usage for the first time, present a unique opportunity to delve into the history of this conflict involving the higher officials of the Ottoman Empire as well as the Russian embassy in ConstantinopleВ статье рассматривается малоизвестный эпизод соперничества православной и Мелкитской общин в Сирии в конце XIX века. Чтобы укрепить свое превосходство над православными, униаты предприняли попытку захватить церковь Святого Георгия в Израа, один из старейших христианских храмов в регионе. Для православной общины он представлял угрозу, исходящую от более богатого врага, поддерживаемого Римским престолом и французским посольством. Единственным союзником, на которого Антиохийский патриархат мог опереться в борьбе за свою идентичность, была Российская Империя, традиционный защитник православных арабов на Ближнем Востоке. Документы из архива иностранных дел Российской Империи, введены в научный оборот впервые, уникальная возможность углубиться в историю этого конфликта с участием высших должностных лиц в Османской империи, а также российского посольства в Константинополе.

Unknown Documents of 1734 About Swedish Citizens Taken Into Serfdom

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Serhii I. Degtyarev ◽  
Violetta S. Molchanova
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
District Court ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Handwritten Documents ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

This work is devoted to the publication and analysis of two previously unknown handwritten documents of 1734. These documents contain information on several persons of Swedish nationality, which were illegally taken out by the Russian nobleman I. Popov during the Northern War from the territory of Sweden. Materials are stored in the State Archives of the Sumy region. They are part of the archival case of Okhtyrka District Court, but they are not thematically connected with it. These documents were once part of a much larger complex of materials. They refer to the request of former Swedish nationals to release them from serfdom from the Belgorod and Kursk landlords Popov and Dolgintsev. The further fate of these people remained unknown. But it is known that they were mistreated by their masters. Russian legislation at the time prohibited such treatment of persons of Swedish nationality. This was discussed in terms of the peace agreement Nishtadskoyi 1721. The two documents revealed illustrate the episodes of the lives of several foreigners who were captured. The analyzed materials give an opportunity to look at a historical phenomenon like a serfdom in the territory of the Russian Empire under a new angle. They allow us to study one of the ways to replenish the serfs. Documents can also be used as a source for the study of some aspects of social history, in biographical studies. The authors noted that the conversion to the property of the enslaved people of other nationalities was a very common practice in the XVII-XIX centuries. This source of replenishment of the dependent population groups were popular in many nations in Europe, Asia and Africa since ancient times. For example, in the Crimean Khanate, Turkey, Italy, Egypt, the nations of the Caucasus and many others. Кeywords: Sweden, Russian Empire, historical source, documents, Russo-Swedish War, Nistadt Treaty, Viborg, Swedish citizens, enslavement, serfdom.

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