scholarly journals CURRENT TRENDS IN THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN VIEW OF THE BASIC THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia Artyomova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Factors Of Production

The article outlines the main trends in the structure of international trade at the present stage and indicates in general the reasons for such changes. International trade as the main form of international economic relations at the present stage of development mediates almost all types of international cooperation associated with the globalization of the world economy. Both the positive aspects of globalization, which allow the most active development of all forms of international economic relations, and the negative ones, which manifested themselves in the context of the global financial crises, were noted. The essence of the main theories of international trade development (such as the theory of absolute advantages, the theory of comparative advantages, the theory of the ratio of factors of production, Keynesian theory), which traces the relationship with the formation of the world economy. Based on the analysis of data from the International Monetary Fund, the following current trends are substantiated: first, the real economy is developing more slowly than the financial system; secondly, the interconnection of financial systems in connection with the processes of global integration of economic elements has increased, which increases the risk of a “chain reaction”; third, the financial system is becoming increasingly complex due to the variety of instruments and operations. We explain the main provisions of the theory of factors of production as explaining the main trends in the structure of international trade. First, a gradual decrease in the value of the marginal utility of each additional cost of factors of production is allowed. Secondly, the same structure of consumption, the same tastes and habits of the population, the same production conditions of producers, constant tariffs, transportation and other costs. All this, of course, in our subjective opinion, fits into the total system of globalization, international industrial cooperation and economic integration of countries, the consequences of which are the outlined trends in the structure of the international economy.

The Russian Empire and the Countries of the African Continent: From the First Contacts to Regular Economic Interaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-224
Author(s):  
Aigul R. Nurieva ◽  
◽  
Marat Z. Gibadullin ◽  
Diana I. Zainutdinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
African Continent ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Empire

The current state of the world economy is characterized by instability and mobility. In the context of a protracted crisis, aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic, competitive contradictions between the leading actors in international economic relations and world politics are exacerbating. Each of them is trying to fix the positions they have won in the world arena, resorting to the tools of economic and military diplomacy to achieve their strategic goals. The confrontation between old and new world leaders of the world economy is being transferred not only to traditional markets, but also to new ones, which were previously on the periphery of their economic interests. The African continent today, like in the nineteenth century, attracts more and more close attention of the leading states of the world. Rich in natural resources, it becomes an arena for the struggle for control over it from the United States, China, and European countries. Taking into account the fact that for Russia the field of foreign economic activity has significantly narrowed in recent years, its return to Africa should become one of the priorities of the national foreign economic strategy. In the above context, it seems relevant to comprehensively study the stages of development of economic relations between Russia and African countries and, based on historical experience, to identify the shortcomings and failures of economic policy in relations with African partners. When writing the article, the authors used general scientific research methods, primarily the dialectical method of cognition, the logical and historical method, deduction and induction, and mathematical methods. In the course of the study, the following results were achieved. (1) Based on the analysis of historical documents, the nature of the economic relations of the Russian Empire with African countries at various stages of their evolution has been determined. It has been established that, at the initial stage of interaction, Russia, in its desire to establish economic contacts with the states in the region, relied on the principle of respect for their sovereignty as independent states, independent subjects of international economic relations; however, at the following stage, associated with the beginning of the colonial division of Africa by the European powers, Russia was forced to passively participate in the colonial aggression against the countries of the region, entering into international agreements with the colonialists on the status of African countries. (2) Based on the processing of statistical data on the foreign trade of the Russian Empire with African countries and territories, a tendency has been revealed that characterizes the gradual curtailment of Russia’s economic activity in this region.

World economy and international economic relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Baburina
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
State Educational

The main provisions of the theory of the world economy and international economic relations are presented. The strengthening of the integrity of the world economy is justified. The most important indicators from the point of view of system analysis are given. The concepts, concepts and dynamics of development of key forms of international economic relations are revealed. The construction of the balance of payments of various countries is analyzed. In the proposed publication, to control the level of mastering the discipline on each topic, tests, topics of reports and abstracts are given, practice-oriented tasks are developed based on objective statistical data of recent years. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors studying in the field of Economics, it can be useful for teachers who lead the disciplines "World economy", "World economy and international economic relations", as well as for anyone interested in the processes taking place in the modern world economic system and the role of Russia in it.

Analysis of the Impact of Monetary Relations Between the Russian Federation and the Middle East on the Region's Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Vahib Al'-Mavazhde
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Specialization

International monetary and credit relations are an integral part and one of the most difficult areas of a market economy. They reflect the problems of the national and world economies, which historically developed in parallel. With the globalization and internationalization of the world economy, there is an intensification of international flows of goods, services, and especially capital and loans. International monetary and credit relations (IMCO) are one of the forms of international economic relations (IEE) along with such forms as: international trade, international movement of capital and foreign investment, international labor migration, international cooperation in science and technology, international division of labor (specialization and cooperation of production). Russia is one of the key partners in the world market in the field of currency and credit relations and trade, which affects the country's economic development. On the financial market arena, Russia acts as a lender for developing countries, and is also a borrower from more developed countries. In the modern realities of the development of international economic relations, it is worth considering various alternative financial markets or renewing old international economic relations, as an option these are the countries of the Middle East. Today, market economic relations between Russia and the Middle East are based on mutually beneficial conditions for both parties. The Russian Federation views the Arab countries, firstly, as a market for its manufactured products, technical equipment, and secondly, as a prospect for credit relations and the development of a market for energy products. At the moment, the improvement of relations in the currency and credit directions is aggravated by the state of the world economy and foreign economic activity of Russia.

scholarly journals Internationalization of the competition law

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Nina Scepanovic
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
World Market ◽  
International Level ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World

In the present stage of development of international economic relations multilateral regulation of competition is becoming more and more important in order to, firstly, annul the effects of domestic rules of competition that are today considered the greatest non-tariff limitation, secondly avoid conflicts that can be caused by exterritorial implementation of national rules in this field, and, finally, define the rules of behavior in the world market. Although the first attempts to regulate this field were made pretty long ago and some activities were taken within UNCTAD, OECD and GATT, no comprehensive rules considering the issues they define and a group of countries that implement them have been adopted at the international level, so far. For the time being, numerous competition problems in relations among countries have been overcome by concluding a number of bilateral agreements and several regional arrangements.

Currency Structure of the International Economic Relations in the Beginning of the 21st Century

2005 ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Oleinov
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
European Currency ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
In The Beginning

The article analyses currency structure of the international economic relations in the beginning of the 21st century. The author focuses on the changes that have happened in these relations after the introduction of the single European currency. On the basis of data available on the use of the main world currencies by non-residents the article draws a conclusion about a recent significant diversification in the structure of the currency portfolio of the world economy.

Impact of Global Economic Challenges on the Development of Future Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Lavrikova ◽  
E. L. Andreeva ◽  
A. G. Tarasov ◽  
A. V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The topic of the study is relevant due to the fact that the world economy and international economic relations are influenced by global challenges. In this context, the formation of a new technological paradigm based on digitalization is an important trend.Aim. The presented study aims to determine the effects of global economic challenges on the development of future markets.Tasks. The authors determine the essence of global challenges at the current stage of development of the world economy and specific aspects of international economic relations; substantiate the emergence and nature of future markets and analyze the impact of global challenges on their development.Methods. The major modern global challenges are systematized with allowance for their current and potential impact on the development of future markets. The essence and nature of the current development of future markets are analyzed. This study uses the methods of comparative analysis and economic-statistical (including correlation) analysis to examine and compare the dynamics of the indicators of future markets and indicators of world economy development.Results. The analysis shows that future technology markets have their own features, such as customization of production, after-sales service, development of cross-sectoral ecosystems, etc. The identified global challenges include global economic recession, growth of trade barriers, and increased global competition, which can be both limiting and stimulating for future markets.Conclusions. On the global economic scale, future markets can be identified as a competitive path towards solving environmental, technological, socio-economic, and other global problems. The corresponding markets can ensure significant potential for economic growth.

International Economic Relations’ Risk Criterion

10.12737/6730 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya ◽  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Average Size

A criterion for an assessment of international economic relations’ risks has been offered. This criterion is based on proposed approach to assessment of risks for world economic dynamics and economic dynamics of different countries and territories. The economic dynamics risk is estimated by comparison of economic growth rates’ average size and a risk measure — a mean square deviation of growth rates. Definition for a line of market of international economic relations’ prospects is offered, similar to the capital market line in the financial assets’ profitability model (CAPM). On the basis of IMF data for 2004-2013 the economic dynamics risks for Europe and CIS countries have been estimated. It has been established that in Europe only economies of Switzerland, Poland, Albania and Malta have the risks below the world economy ones. From among the largest economies the smallest risks have economies of Great Britain, Germany and France. The greatest risks have economies of Italy and Spain. In the CIS only Belarus, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have the risks below the world economy ones. From among the CIS countries the Ukraine has the worst risk criteria.

World economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Залпа Раджабова ◽  
Zalpa Radzhabova
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
State Educational

The textbook meets the requirements of the state educational standard for the discipline "World economy". In the process of studying the course, the student must acquire certain knowledge, skills, abilities within the framework of General cultural and professional competencies. Submission of material in the textbook is based on the knowledge gained by students in the study of disciplines "History of the world economy" "Economic theory", "Higher mathematics", "Statistics", "Introduction to the world economy". The author summarizes many years of experience in teaching courses "World economy and international economic relations", "international economic integration", "Globalization of the world economy" to students, as well as students of the Interdisciplinary Institute of advanced training of Dagestan state University. In the work on the textbook, the author sought to combine the necessary scientific level and logical, rational and simple presentation of the topic. Specific practical and statistical material is accompanied by theoretical analysis, conclusions, generalizations, as well as control questions for self-testing. The textbook can be organically used in combination with modern audiovisual and other tools used in the educational process. Particular attention is paid to the use of a variety of Russian and foreign sources, statements and concepts of authoritative analysts and economists; statistical data, mainly international organizations and institutions such as the UN, UNCTAD, UNIDO, WTO, IMF, world Bank, IBRD, Eurostat, national statistical reports and annual compilations and periodic literature. At the same time, observing the educational standards established by the Ministry, the author of the textbook considers it useful to apply a variety of techniques to consolidate educational material (questions, control tasks, etc.). The publication can be used by students enrolled in bachelor of Economics programs, students of faculties of advanced training, employees of the economic sphere. as well as all those interested in the theory and practice of the world economy and international economic relations. The textbook quite convincingly reveals the basic theoretical and methodological foundations and General trends in the development of the modern world economy.

scholarly journals Economic Studies

2014 ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
A. V. Kholopov
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
International Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Studies

The establishment of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO was due to the necessity of the world economy research, and the need to prepare highly skilled specialists in international economics. The school is developing a number of areas, which reflect the Faculty structure. - Economic theory is one of the most important research areas, a kind of foundation of the School of Economic Science at MGIMO. Economic theory studies are carried out at the chair of Economic theory. "The course of economic theory" textbook was published in 1991, and later it was reprinted seven times. Over the past few years other textbooks and manuals have been published, including "Economics for Managers" by Professor S.N. Ivashkovskaya, which survived through five editions; "International Economics" - four editions and "History of Economic Thought" - three editions. - International Economic Relations are carried out by the Department of International Economic Relations and Foreign Economic Activity. Its establishment is associated with the prominent economist N.N. Lyubimov. In 1957 he with his colleagues published the first textbook on the subject which went through multiple republications. The editorial team of the textbook subsequently formed the pride of Soviet economic science - S.M. Menshikov, E.P. Pletnev, V.D. Schetinin. Since 2007, the chair of Foreign Economic Activities led by Doctor of Economics, Professor I. Platonova has been investigating the problems of improving the architecture of foreign economic network and the international competitiveness of Russia; - The history of the study of problems of the world economy at MGIMO begins in 1958 at the chair baring the same name. Since 1998, the department has been headed by Professor A. Bulatov; - The study of international monetary relations is based on the chair of International Finance, and is focused on addressing the fundamental scientific and practical problems; - The chair "Banks, monetary circulation and credit" was created in February 2012. It is head by Professor G.S. Panova. The members of the chair are experienced bank employees; - The field of practical application of research results in the field of accounting, statistics and auditing has been expanding in recent years. The research in the field is conducted at the synonymous chair; - An important direction of development of economic studies at MGIMO is a risk management and insurance. Established in 1993, the Department of Risk Management and Insurance is headed by Professor R.T. Yuldashev.

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