scholarly journals Strategy to strengthen the traditional milpa family production systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelda Guadalupe Uzcanga Pérez ◽  
Alejandro Cano-González ◽  
Pedro Cadena-Iñiguez
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Maximum Variance ◽  
Nutritional Health ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Community Diagnosis ◽  
Related Population

Objective: To characterize family production units (FPUs) to identify critical points for their activities and propose intervention strategies for them.Design/methodology/approach: The research took place at Yaxcabá municipality, state of Yucatán, Mexico. It is descriptive and its information obtained through 1) a questionnaire in a mobile application compatible with the Android operating system, structured by modules: producer data, FPU characteristics, crops, infrastructure, machinery, equipment, and marketing. The sample size was randomized with replacement, under the maximum variance condition, 2) assessment visits to the farmer’s plots and 3) participatory community diagnosis workshops.Results: The traditional milpa system was oriented to the cultivation of corn, beans and squash of creole origin, for consumption by the FPUs with minimum technologies usage. Through apiculture, producers obtain an economic resource to finance other activities, including those of the milpa. It is, therefore, necessary to strengthen their productivecapacities of this activity with a chain approach, for the diversification of their products and derivatives of their hives that allow their income to increase.Limitations on study/implications: The proposals and intervention strategies may only be applied to the production system in the evaluated area.Findings/conclusions: The strategies for the traditional milpa production should be oriented to food security, biodiversity preservation and the nutritional health of their related population. Apuculture strategies should aim to include producers in the value chain.

Coupling of Steroid O-(Carboxymethyl)oxime Derivatives with Amino Alcohols

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Pouzar ◽  
Ivan Černý
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Hydroxy Group ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Amino Alcohols ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Alternative Synthesis ◽  
Oxime Derivatives ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Derivatives Of

New approach to the preparation of steroids with connecting bridge, based on an O-carboxymethyloxime (CMO) structure, and with terminal hydroxy group, is presented. 17-CMO derivatives of 3β-acetoxy- and 3β-methoxymethoxyandrost-5-en-17-one were condensed with α,ω-amino alcohols to give derivatives with a chain of seven to nine atoms. After THP-protection, these compounds were converted to 3-keto-4-ene derivatives. An alternative synthesis consisted in transformation of 17-CMO derivatives with bonded amino acids by reduction of the terminal carboxyl. The resulting compounds were designed as building blocks for the preparation of bis-haptens for sandwich immunoassays.

Value Chain Intervention Strategies

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Kevin McKague ◽  
Muhammad Siddiquee
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Intervention Strategies

Web or Chains

2011 ◽  
pp. 54-78
Author(s):  
Jarkko Vesa
Keyword(s):  
Technological Change ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
A Value ◽  
Mobile Industry ◽  
End Products ◽  
A Chain

Vertical integration is not the only traditional concept that has been challenged in the current business environment where firm and industry boundaries have blurred, speed of technological change is increasing, and the focus of business has shifted from products to services. The whole concept of value creation is being reevaluated: in the past, value was created sequentially as a product’s value increased as it moved through a chain of activities — a value chain — from raw material to end products. However, today the value is being created constantly and in parallel. The main source of value is no longer in physical goods and products, but increasingly in services, skills, and knowledge. This development has forced researchers and businesspeople to look for new ways of modeling the concept of value creation. In this chapter, we will review some of the models and frameworks that have challenged the old value chain concept. The goal is to find useful frameworks that would help us to understand what is actually happening in the mobile industry today and in the future.

Relation of the metabolism of sulfobromophthalein sodium to its blood clearance in the rat

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Chain Sequence ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Derivatives Of

Chromatographic analysis of BSP (sodium phenoltetrabromphthalein disulfonate) excreted into the bile of the rat showed that the BSP had undergone transformation into similarly colored but chemically different compounds. Injection of purified samples of these derived compounds into the rat showed that the compounds were less effectively removed from plasma than BSP but were excreted into bile at almost the same rate as when pure BSP was injected. Chromatographic analysis of bile following injection of the isolated bile-type derivatives of BSP showed that the derivatives were formed, one from the other, in a chain sequence, starting with BSP. Chromatographic analysis of the blood following injection of BSP showed that bile-type derivatives of BSP appeared in the blood and became progressively more predominant with increasing time after injection of the BSP.

Two polymorphs and the diethylammonium salt of the barbiturate eldoral

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. o65-o70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gelbrich ◽  
Denise Rossi ◽  
Ulrich J. Griesser
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

Polymorph (Ia) of eldoral [5-ethyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)barbituric acid or 5-ethyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione], C11H17N3O3, displays a hydrogen-bonded layer structure parallel to (100). The piperidine N atom and the barbiturate carbonyl group in the 2-position are utilized in N—H...N and N—H...O=C hydrogen bonds, respectively. The structure of polymorph (Ib) contains pseudosymmetry elements. The two independent molecules of (Ib) are connectedviaN—H...O=C(4/6-position) and N—H...N(piperidine) hydrogen bonds to give a chain structure in the [100] direction. The hydrogen-bonded layers, parallel to (010), formed in the salt diethylammonium 5-ethyl-5-(piperidin-1-yl)barbiturate [or diethylammonium 5-ethyl-2,4,6-trioxo-5-(piperidin-1-yl)-1,3-diazinan-1-ide], C4H12N+·C11H16N3O3−, (II), closely resemble the corresponding hydrogen-bonded structure in polymorph (Ia). Like many other 5,5-disubstituted derivatives of barbituric acid, polymorphs (Ia) and (Ib) contain theR22(8) N—H...O=C hydrogen-bond motif. However, the overall hydrogen-bonded chain and layer structures of (Ia) and (Ib) are unique because of the involvement of the hydrogen-bond acceptor function in the piperidine group.

Nuclear distribution and behavior in Thielaviopsis basicola

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2423-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. Huang ◽  
Z. A. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Daughter Nucleus ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Mitotic Division ◽  
Thielaviopsis Basicola ◽  
Cytological Investigation ◽  
A Chain ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Septal Pores ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Mycelial Cell

A cytological investigation of four biotypes of Thielaviopsis basicola isolated from field soil and of three cultural variants revealed that the hyphal cells, conidiophores, endoconidia, and chlamydospores are regularly uninucleate except those cells in which nuclear division or nuclear migration has occurred.The nucleus in the end cell of the conidiophore divides mitotically and successively after cell division to produce a chain of uninucleate endoconidia. During the formation of chlamydospores, a daughter nucleus migrates from the mycelial cell into the chlamydospore primordium. This primordium later forms a one-celled chlamydospore. If the chlamydospore consists of more than one cell, all the nuclei in the cells are derivatives of the nucleus in the primordium.Nuclear migration from one cell to another was observed to take place by means of anastomosis and (or) through septal pores of the mycelia. Anastomosis occurs between mycelia, between endoconidia, and between a mycelium and an endoconidium.The entire process of mitotic division occurs within an intact nuclear envelope. An intranucleate spindle was demonstrated in dividing nuclei in living preparations. Stained preparations revealed that there are four chromosomes in T. basicola.

scholarly journals Value Chain Finance to Dairy Sector-A Case Study of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Financial Arrangements ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Background: Dairy sector has highly fragmented supply base and unique ecosystem of delivery resulting that a chain of value addition actors involved in its production and distribution. Value chain financing approach provides opportunities to develop equitable business models that better link all actors in the value chain. Accordingly, this study has carried out to assess the diversity of financial arrangements and the actors involved in dairy value chain in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh. The study also brings about the relatively prominent components/actors of the dairy value chain that could be emphasised while financing dairy value chain. Method: The value chain actors including milk producers have identified purposively and interviewed with well-constructed scheduled. The study has analysed on the data collected from 64 milk producers in 8 villages, 3 inputs suppliers, 8 milk collectors/assemblers, 4 milk transporters, 1 milk processor and 12 distributers for the year 2019-20. Result: The study observed that there is vast network of financing institutions have engaged in the financing of dairy value chain in the study area. Financing agencies have identified the set of activities associated with milk value chain and determine the structure of finance accordingly, in order to minimize costs, to maximize efficiency and to reduce risk. However, there are several informal mechanism of value chain financings also existed parallel to institutional finance due to informal sources are willing to lend money more easily without collateral. Relationships between actors in the value chain facilitate informal financial flows directly to his client actors is also observed in the study. The study has further inferred that among all the actors involved in milk value chains, the processor, producer and distributer have added greater value addition in comparison to other actors in the value chain. 

The Use of Active Centre Acylation to Control the Pharmacokinetic Profile of a Recombinant Chimaeric Plasminogen Activator

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0984-0988 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Wilson ◽  
D W Cronk ◽  
I Dodd ◽  
A F Esmail ◽  
S B Kalindjian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Bolus Administration ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Derivatives Of

SummaryRecombinant hybrid plasminogen activators consisting of the “A” chain of plasminogen linked to the “B” chain of t-PA that are inhibited rapidly by plasma protease inhibitors have recently been described (Robinson et al. Circulation 1992; 86: 548-552). We have now shown that following bolus administration of native hybrid to guinea pigs, fibrinolytic activity was cleared rapidly from the circulation. Active centre acylation appeared to protect the hybrid from inhibition and allowed material to circulate as potentially active species for prolonged periods. Clearance rates of a range of acyl derivatives of the hybrid were 7-35-fold slower than for native hybrid and 20-100-fold slower than for t-PA. Clearance rates were influenced markedly by deacylation rate, such that clearance half-life correlated well with deacylation halflife. We have thus shown that it is feasible to control the pharmacokinetic profile of a recombinant hybrid plasminogen activator over a wide range by selection of an appropriate acyl group for attachment to the active site. Such control is not possible with plasminogen activators that are cleared predominantly by mechanisms other than inhibition.

scholarly journals Use of black soldier fly and house fly in feed to promote sustainable poultry production

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
A. Dörper ◽  
T. Veldkamp ◽  
M. Dicke
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Food And Feed

The growing human population, changing dietary habits and intensifying competition between food and feed production underline the urgent need to explore novel sustainable production chains. In the past, the poultry sector has gained popularity due to its superior environmental and economic benefits compared to other livestock production systems. Therefore, it is of special interest to focus on refinement and innovation along the value chain to further improve the sector’s sustainability. One major issue is the transition towards sustainable protein sources in poultry feed. In this regard, insects are the secret rising stars. Insect species such as the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) and house fly (Musca domestica) have been proposed for farming as multifunctional mini-livestock for feed. One major property of these flies is that larvae can convert low-quality organic waste streams into valuable body mass containing high levels of high-quality protein and fat. Furthermore, the larvae are reported to have health- and welfare-promoting effects due to bioactive compounds and poultry having a natural interest in them. The aim of the current paper is to discuss the state-of-the-art of using black soldier fly and house fly larvae as components of poultry feed and to highlight knowledge gaps, future opportunities and challenges. Some first studies have focussed on the successful partial replacement of soybean meal or fishmeal by these insects on poultry performance. However, since the sector is still in its infancy several uncertainties remain to be addressed. More research is required on identifying optimal inclusion levels, clearly differentiating between insect products based on their nutritional value and health-stimulating effects, and comparing the potential of insect products across species.

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