scholarly journals Effective Model of Public Health Formation

2018 ◽  
pp. 411-414
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Capital Development

The article considers the demographic and epidemiological grounds for evolutionary transition from the economics of medical care to the public health economics; the methodology for the formation of an effective strategy of public health promotion in Russia; the modern concepts of the economy of public health; and data, calculated on this basis, such as the Human Capital Development Index, Human Development Index and the ratings of the Russian Federation in these international indices. The analysis of models of public health and the most important factors, determining the health of population (lifestyle, heredity, ecology, medicine) were presented. Also, the most significant risk factors of mortality of the Russian Federation population were considered, among which the behavioral risk factors, associated with the way of life of population, were defined. On this basis, the strategy for reduction of behavioral risk factors and for promotion of healthy lifestyle of population was formulated. The analysis of the features of State Program of the Russian Federation "Health Development" for 2013-2020, and the new program, having the same name, was carried out. These programs are connected with the development of prevention and the formation of healthy lifestyle of population (HLS) in the country. In addition, the regional targeted programs for the prevention of diseases, the formation of healthy lifestyle, and their social results were studied. The effectiveness of a comprehensive intersectoral approach to the formation of healthy lifestyle of population in the regions of Russia in modern conditions was substantiated.

scholarly journals Prehypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors (data of the ESSE-RF study)

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Erina ◽  
O. P. Rotar ◽  
A. V. Orlov ◽  
V. N. Solntsev ◽  
S. A. Shalnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Optimal Blood Pressure

Theobjectiveof our work was to assess the prevalence of prehypertension (PHT) and the relationship with cardiovascular risk factors in the population sample of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation.Design and methods.The ESSE-RF study was carried out in 12 regions of the Russian Federation (Volgograd, Vologda, Voronezh, Vladivostok, Ivanovo, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Orenburg, Tomsk, Tyumen, St Petersburg, and North Ossetia (Alania)) with different climatic, geographic, economic and demographic characteristics. A stratified random sample was formed in each region. In total, 20652 inhabitants of the Russian Federation aged 25–65 years were examined. All participants signed informed consent and completed approved questionnaires regarding behavioral risk factors, socioeconomic status and concomitant diseases/therapy. Anthropometry, fasting blood sampling, measurement of blood pressure (BP) were performed. BP was measured by the OMRON device (Japan) twice on the right arm in the sitting position with calculation of the mean BP. The optimal blood pressure corresponds to the BP level < 120/80 mm Hg. The normal BP is 120–129/80–84 mm Hg. High normal BP is 130–139/85–89 mm Hg. PHT is diagnosed in case of BP 120–139/80–89 mm Hg. Hypertension is diagnosed case of BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive therapy. PHT includes groups of normal and high normal blood pressure. The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 20.Results.Data of 20607 participants were analyzed, among them 7806 men (37,9  %) and 12801 women (62,1  %). The optimal BP was registered in 3848 (23,4  %), normal BP in 3551 (20,1  %), high normal BP in 2861 (14,9  %), PHT — in 6412 (35,0  %), hypertension — in 10347 (41,6  %). The prevalence is standardized according to the age structure of the World Health Organization (2000). Among men, compared with women, PHT was significantly more frequent (41,2  % and 30,1  %, respectively). The probability of PHT, adjusted for sex, age and obesity is associated with hypercholesterolemia > 4,9 mmol / l (OR 1,27 [1,15, 1,39]), increased HDL > 3,0 mmol / l (1,25 [1,14, 1,37]), triglycerides > 1,7 mmol / l (OR 1,39 [1,23, 1,58]), hyperglycemia ≥ 5,6 mmol / l (OR 1,46 [1,28, 1,67], p < 0,05). The presence of higher education reduced the likelihood of PHT, behavioral risk factors were not significant predictors.Conclusions.The results demonstrate the high prevalence of PHT and the association of metabolic abnormalities with the transformation of optimal blood pressure in PHT, which emphasizes the importance of timely diagnosis of PHT and correction of cardiometabolic risk factors in the Russian population. 

scholarly journals Sanitary and Hygienic Aspects of the COVID-19 Self-isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 734-738
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Mitrokhin ◽  
Vladimir A. Reshetnikov ◽  
Elena V. Belova ◽  
Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Self ◽  
Index Point ◽  
Isolation Index ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Introduction: Self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic is a temporary measure to limit the spread of infection. All citizens arriving from abroad to Russia must comply with the rules of self-isolation. Since April 2, 2020, almost all citizens of the Russian Federation have followed the rules of self-isolation. Also, this month in the Russian capital, Moscow, about 6 million citizens have isolated themselves. In general, in the territory of Russia, the number of citizens on self-isolation reached 100 million. Billions of citizens around the world are staying at home due to the self-isolation regime, so a sanitary assessment must be considered. Self-isolation, characterized by physical inactivity, hypoxia, diet disturbances, lifestyle changes during work / rest, mental stress; this provides an opportunity to identify the presence of public health risk factors and contributes to an increase in the incidence of No Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Purpose of the Study: Carrying out a sanitary-hygienic assessment of COVID-19 self-isolation, determining priority risk factors causing non-infectious diseases, and proposing preventive measures. Objectives: To Identify public health risk factors during self-isolation. To conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of self-isolation according to the priority criteria. To develop a pointing system (hygiene index for self-isolation). To propose measures to minimize health risks during self-isolation. Materials and Methods: We used analytical, and systematization approaches. Information from the legal documents of the hygienic-sanitary laws of the Government of the Russian Federation (nutrition hygiene, hygiene of workforce, children, and teenagers). World Health Organization COVID-19 documents. Research Results: We assessed the sanitary-hygienic aspects of self-isolation to identify the leading risk factors on public health, and as a result, we proposed hygienic criteria for self-isolation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS) that considers the Russian law-based requirements for diet, work, rest, and physical activities. Thus, the usage of those hygienic standards is beneficial to prevent public health risks in ordinary and extremely challenging conditions of self-isolation. We proposed measures to minimize risks during self-isolation, and we based them on adequate sanitary-hygienic standards. The main sanitary-hygienic risk factors of self-isolation are: sedentary lifestyle, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies (malnutrition), and work/rest imbalance. Conclusion: We proposed a sanitary-hygienic definition of self-isolation. We identified leading risk factors for public health of the self-isolated population. We proposed sanitary-hygienic criteria for assessing self-isolation based on the regulations and standards of the Government of the Russian Federation. We developed a hygienic self-isolation index point score (HSIPS), which determines that the optimal mode is directly proportional to the coefficients of a person’s physical activity (D), indoor area (air cubic capacity) per isolated (S), time spent in fresh air (T) and inversely proportional to the calorie intake. We proposed measures to prevent noncommunicable diseases (NCD) for citizens on self-isolation.

Influence of production and behavioral risk factors on health disorders in employees of locomotive crews

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 694-700
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zhidkova ◽  
Ekaterina M. Gutor ◽  
Mikhail F. Vilk ◽  
Vera B. Pankova ◽  
Gennadij G. Onishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
Railway Traffic ◽  
Health Disorders

Preserving the working longevity of locomotive crew employees is one of the priority tasks of Russian Railways. The urgency of the problem is related to both the medical aspects of railway traffic safety and the importance of preserving human capital. The aim of study is to research the influence of occupational and behavioral risk factors on health disorders in drivers and their assistants. The study included the results of a survey of 9308 employees of locomotive crews on the presence of production and behavioral risk factors for health disorders, as well as on the presence of cases of temporary disability, hospitalization or unscheduled medical care in the previous year. Additionally, the results of clinical and laboratory studies were studied. Noise exposure is the main production factor affecting the unscheduled attendance of locomotive crew employees to the doctor, the number of cases of temporary disability and hospitalization. Only 13% of respondents have a high level of commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Among employees who are not exposed to industrial noise, the number of people who have a high commitment to a healthy lifestyle is 2 times higher than among those who complain about the presence of an acoustic factor. The main differences in adherence to a healthy lifestyle between people who have and do not have complaints about the negative impact of the sound factor are related to alcohol abuse (1.4 times more often used by people working in conditions of noise exposure), frequent use of semi-finished products and fatty foods (1.2 times more often). Among people exposed to industrial noise, a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25 kg/m2 is 1.5 times more common than in people who do not have noise exposure. The frequency of occurrence of blood pressure is more than 130/80 mm Hg. and blood cholesterol more than 5 mmol/l, respectively, is 1.9 and 2.2 times higher in individuals with intra-cab acoustic load, compared with those without. An increase in the number of cases of temporary disability, hospitalization, and unscheduled visits to a doctor in people who report exposure to noise in the driver's cab may be associated with both occupational and behavioral factors: alcohol consumption, poor nutrition, and a high proportion of people with a BMI exceeding 25 kg/m2.

Concerning the process of forming motivation to a healthy lifestyle

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Y. I. Vigdorchik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Personalized Approach ◽  
Public Health Protection

The components of the concept of a healthy lifestyle, starting with the provisions presented in early sources, are considered from the standpoint of management. It was found that it is difficult to achieve the increase of the number of citizens leading a healthy lifestyle in the absence of clear criteria for the healthy lifestyle, since there is an objective difficulty in assessing the lifestyle of people. It is definitely necessary to formulate the basic principles for creating lists of criteria for healthy lifestyle in order to effectively motivate citizens for health-preserving behavior. The need was identified to update and expand a number of modern lists that are used to obtain information that serves as the basis for making managerial decisions in the field of public health protection at the strategic level based on the analysis of the main existing lists of criteria for a healthy lifestyle. It is proposed to create an individual list of criteria for a healthy lifestyle by forming a low-variability part using the traditional approach, and a high-variability part using the personalized approach. The formulated principles of compiling lists of criteria for a healthy lifestyle can be used in the system of motivating and stimulating citizens to health-preserving behavior, aimed at reducing the prevalence of known behavioral risk factors for diseases.

Risks of health disorders in pedagogical, medical workers and preventive measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Evgeniy A. Bayimakov ◽  
Irena A. Mishkich ◽  
Olga I. Yushkova ◽  
Anna V. Zajtseva ◽  
Khristina T. Oniani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Emotional Labor ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
General Physical ◽  
High Level

The formation of a healthy lifestyle and a healthy lifestyle in the work of various activities, developing a program that includes appropriate measures to correct the functional state of employees of nervous and emotional labor, is currently one of the essential areas of occupational health. The study aims to assess the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for health disorders and the effectiveness of measures to correct overstrain in pedagogical and medical workers, depending on the personal level of anxiety. The researchers conducted comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies. We described behavioral risk factors, awareness of health-saving issues based on a questionnaire (346 teachers), a professional graphical assessment of the intensity of efforts. Psychophysical studies help to study the states of various functions of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system, psychological testing, and general physical performance (GPP) according to the RWC170 test when evaluating the implemented model of motor activity and assess the effectiveness of relaxation in the shungite room. We performed static processing of the data obtained using statistical programs EpiInfo 3.5.2., Statistica 10, Microsoft Excel 2010 using adequate methods of statistical analysis. The study of the prevalence of the factors risky cheek of life for the health of teachers revealed insufficient physical activity (61.1% (95% CI 54.7-67.2)), inadequate sleep duration (46.1% (95% CI 40.0-52.4)), eating disorders (16.2% (95% CI 11.9-21.5)) tobacco smoking (15.8% (95% CI 11.5-20.9)). The developed and implemented regime, which increases the volume of motor activity to 8-9 hours a week instead of 3-4 hours, contributed to an increase in resistance to stress effects, a decrease in the percentage of identified teachers with a low level of physical fitness. A high degree of nervous and emotional tension in the work of general practitioners, the possibility of infection with COVID-19 leads to the formation of a high level of anxiety in a significant part (63.7-72.2%) of medical workers, which indicates the purposefulness of a psychological correction measure. The conducted production studies have shown the usefulness of using in programs for correcting the functional conformity of pedagogical and medical workers, an increase in motor activity using physical culture and sports, and relaxation in the shungite room.

The Social and Cultural Context of Risk and Prevention: Food and Physical Activity in an Urban Aboriginal Community

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Thompson ◽  
Sandra M. Gifford ◽  
Lisa Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Health And Illness

One of the key public health challenges facing indigenous and other minority communities is how to develop and implement effective, acceptable, and sustainable strategies for the prevention of noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In this article, the authors describe how an ethnographic approach was used to contextualize the behavioral risk factors for NIDDM and applied to the development of a more meaningful and appropriate epidemiological risk factor survey instrument for an urban Aboriginal population in Australia. The overall research design comprised a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. The ethnographic study showed that the complex web of meanings that tie people to their family and community can and should be taken into account in any social epidemiology of health and illness if the findings are to have any effective and long-term potential to contribute to successful public health interventions targeting these behavioral risk factors.

scholarly journals Self-assessment by doctors and patients of their adherence to a healthy lifestyle and their readiness to modify behavioral risk factors of cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
G.Z. Moroz ◽  
I.M. Hydzynska ◽  
T.S. Lasitsya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Unhealthy Behavior

Background. Poor adherence to risk factor behaviors management increases the risk for a further cardiac event. Unfortunately, poor adherence to behaviors recommended in lifestyle interventions is widespread, particularly over the long-term; thus, the “adherence problem” represents a significant challenge to the effectiveness of these interventionsObjective: The goal of the trial was the assessment of patient’s and physician’s attitude to a healthy lifestyle and evaluation of their stage of readiness for change in dealing with unhealthy behavior with the goal of cardiovascular disease risk factors modification particularly smoking cessation, physical activity, healthy dietMethods: We performed a poll of 158 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the State Institution of Sciences “Research and Practical Center of Preventive and Clinical Medicine” State Administrative Department with the purpose of preventive services and of 65 physicians – employees of our clinic – about their adherence to healthy lifestyle habits. As the determination of the readiness to deal with an unhealthy behavior allows making individualized preventive counseling, we used a special questionnaire for standardizing approaches to determining the stage of change of three major behavioral risk factors of cardiovascular diseases – smoking, unhealthy diet, and low level of physical activity. The readiness to change was identified according to the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) of Behavior Change. The results of physicians questionnaire (n=65) were compared to the results of patients questionnaire (n=158). Results. Most of the participants – 87,3±2,6 % of patients and 93,6±3,1 % of physicians – were non-smokers. Only 26,6±3,5 % of patients and 20,6±5,1 % of physicians reported following a healthful diet and only 8,9±2,3% of patients and 20,6±5,1 % of physicians perform regular physical activity. The prevalence of optimal level of physical activity among physicians was significantly higher (p<0,05). 72,5± 6,3 % of physicians were on action stage in the matter of healthy diet and 74±6,2 % – in the matter of physical activity regimen, it was significantly higher (р < 0,05) that among patients – 45,7±4,6 % and 41,0±4,1% respectively. Conclusions: Our findings highlight poor adherence to healthy lifestyle habits among physicians and patients, especially in the matter of healthy eating and optimal level of physical activity, and needs for targeted strategies that improve long-term adherence to health behaviors and enhance physician’s knowledge about lifestyle-based health promotion interventions.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TUBERCULOSIS RISK GROUP AMONG MILITARY SERVICEMEN AND DETERMINATION OF THE PATHS FOR THE FURTHER IMPROVEMENT OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS MEASURES IN THE ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
R D Muchaidze ◽  
V V Dantsev ◽  
R V Beznosik ◽  
V K Grishin ◽  
Yu N Shitov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

The result of analysis of the tuberculosis morbidity of military servicemen in 2009-2015 is presented. The most significant risk factors and the contribution of risk group in the morbidity in modern conditions are established. Quality of the dispensary observation of risk group is estimated, the principal defects are revealed. The paths for the further improvement of anti-tuberculosis measures in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are offered: carrying out the immunodiagnostics of tuberculosis at citizens before the beginning of military service and profound medical examination of all young army reinforcement

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document