scholarly journals Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises on the Example of the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Small and medium-sized enterprises in the modern market economy play the role of one of the main sectors that determine the vector and rates of economic growth of the gross domestic product. All developed countries strongly support the small and medium-sized business sector, since the structure and quality of GDP directly depends on it. This article examines the impact of small and medium-sized businesses on the economy of the Russian Federation and the Slovak Republic. The article compares the analysis and identifies the necessary conditions for starting business in the countries under consideration. The authors provide statistical data on the structure of small and medium-sized businesses identifies problems that slow down the development of small businesses and suggests ways to solve existing problems in this sector of the economy.

scholarly journals On the Effectiveness of the Prosecutors Role in Pre-Trial Proceedings: the Position of the Legislator and the Opinion of the Law Enforcer

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ayaz Gasimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Independent Investigation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Procedural Guidance ◽  
The Right

The author examines the problems connected with the position of the prosecutor in a criminal process from the standpoint of the effectiveness of the prosecutor’s work. Specifically, using statistical data on the situation with the legality and the quality of preliminary investigations and the results obtained by other Russian scholars who researched this issue, the author shows that the transfer of investigators from the jurisdiction of the prosecutor’s office to a newly created independent Investigation Committee of the Russian Federation, the transfer of the right to the procedural guidance of the investigation from the prosecutor to the head of the investigation body, revoking the prosecutor’s right to coordinate the decision of the investigator, inquirer, or an inquiry body to initiate a criminal case, and in general the right to do it — all of these, in fact, improved the effectiveness of the supervisory function and, consequently, improved the legality and quality of preliminary investigations. At the same time, the author presents his own view on the directions of improving the effectiveness of the role of the prosecutor in the pre-trial proceeding, which should ensure a general sustainable development of Russian criminal procedure legislation.

The Role of the Conclusions of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation in the Prevention of the Emergence and Development of Conflicts of Legal Interests in the Judicial System of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. V. Ryabtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Regulation

The growing role of the judicial community in reforming the judicial system actualizes the scientific problems of law enforcement associated with understanding the essence of the regulatory impact of the Councils of Judges of the Russian Federation as a body of the judicial community to prevent the emergence of conflicts of legal interests in judicial activity. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of individual regulation of conflicts of legal interests by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation, aimed at optimizing its activities to combat corruption. The worldview and methodological basis were the works of theoretical scholars and their methods of integrative understanding of law to substantiate the impact of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on judicial activity through individual regulation. The conclusion is substantiated that the activities of the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics, related to the drawing up of opinions on the assessment of conflicts of legal interests and other corruption risks for both acting judges and retired judges, is an individual regulation of legal relations through: interpretation of law; overcoming gaps and conflicts in the law; individuali zation of rights, etc. The content of the interpretation of law by the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics is: the application of certain norms of both international and national law in a specific legal relationship when assessing conflicts of legal interests among judges through a systematic interpretation of the norms of law as a system of elements, defining its role in law, identifying other norms, as well as the principles of law; interpretation of the principles and norms of law, through the legal-logical interpretation of a normative act as logically interconnected structural elements of a single, internally agreed and consistent system of principles and norms of law, when deciding on the presence of conflicts of legal interests in the activities of judges, etc. The paper substantiates that in relation to conflicts of legal interests, individualization should be aimed at determining by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation typical situations of such conflicts for their correct assessment and development of recommendations related to the optimal behavior of judges, when circumstances arise that lead to conflicts of legal interests.

Characteristics of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions of russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Любовь Ильинична Разбирина
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

В статье приведены данные уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы в Российской Федерации. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы показать влияние изменений в уголовной политике государства на изменение численности осужденных, распределение их в зависимости от квалификации совершенных преступлений, по количеству судимостей, назначенному сроку наказания в виде лишения свободы и по другим показателям. Установлено, что произошли существенные изменения в распределении осужденных в зависимости от числа судимостей и по срокам назначенного судом наказания, в распределении по видам исправительных учреждений. Анализ статистических данных ФСИН России демонстрирует, что в исследуемый период значительно возросла доля женщин, осужденных к лишению свободы, а численность несовершеннолетних осужденных сократилась в несколько раз, существенно возросли доля осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, и численность осужденных на срок наказания свыше 10 лет лишения свободы, а также произошли другие изменения. Знание и учет особенностей уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных в деятельности научных и практических работников будет способствовать повышению эффективности деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы в решении задач по исправлению осужденных и предупреждению совершения новых преступлений как осужденными, так и иными лицами, - достижении основных целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства Российской Федерации. The article presents the data of criminal-legal characteristics of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show the impact of changes in the criminal policy of the state on changes in the number of convicts, their distribution depending on the qualification of the crimes committed, the number of convictions, the appointed term of imprisonment and other criteria. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that there were essential changes in distribution condemned depending on number of criminal records and on terms of the punishment appointed by court, in distribution by types of correctional facilities and other indicators. The analysis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia reflects the fact that during the study period the proportion of women sentenced to imprisonment increased significantly, and the number of juvenile convicts decreased several times, the proportion of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking and the number of those sentenced to more than 10 years of imprisonment, as well as other changes. Knowledge and consideration of the features of the social and legal characteristics of convicts in the activities of researchers and practitioners will contribute to improving the efficiency of the penal system in solving problems of correction of convicts and preventing the Commission of new crimes by both convicts and other persons, which is the main objectives of the Penal legislation of the Russian Federation.

SPECIFIC FEATURES OF PROPERTY INTERESTS PROTECTION OF THE PENAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AS REPRESENTATIVE OF A VICTIM

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Викторович Кияйкин
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment

В статье проведен анализ существующей практики защиты имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего, изложены рекомендации по улучшению данной работы с учетом особенностей сложившейся практики. Раскрываются особенности уголовно-процессуальной защиты на основе материалов территориальных органов и анализа дел указанной категории схарактеристикой эффективных решений иимеющихся проблем по защите имущественных интересов уголовно-исполнительной системы (далее - УИС), материалов практики защиты поуказанным вопросам, аналитических и статистических данных за 2018-2020 гг. Обращено внимание, чтона практике имеются сложности с определением размера возмещаемого ущерба и сроков исковой давности, а также с фактическим исполнением судебных решений овзыскании ущерба в связи с финансовой несостоятельностью должников. Важной проблемой по защите имущественных интересов остается отсутствие методики определения размера причиненного репутационного вреда органам иучреждениям уголовно-исполнительной системы Российской Федерации. Обеспечение своевременного допуска представителя органа илиучреждения УИС имеет существенное значение для защиты имущественных интересов, поскольку юридическое лицо получает фактическую возможность по отстаиванию своих законных интересов лишь смомента допуска представителя - физического лица. Автором определены направления работы должностных и иных заинтересованных лиц по реализации защиты имущественных интересов УИС при участии в уголовном процессе в качестве представителя потерпевшего. The article analyzes the existing practice of protecting the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim, and provides recommendations for improving this work, taking into account the features of the current practice. The article reveals the features of criminal procedure protection based on the materials of territorial bodies and the analysis of cases of this category with the characteristics of effective solutions and existing problems in protecting the property interests of the Penal system (hereinafter the FPS), materials of defense practice on these issues, analytical and statistical data for the period 2018-2020. Attention is drawn to the fact that in practice there are some peculiarities in determining the amount of damage to be compensated and the limitation period. Due to the financial insolvency of debtors in practice, there is a difficulty with the actual execution of court decisions on recovery of damages. An important problem in protecting property interests remains the lack of a methodology for determining the amount of reputational damage caused to the bodies and institutions of the Russian Federation's penal system. Ensuring the timely admission of a representative of a body or institution of a penal system is essential for the protection of property interests, since a legal entity gets the actual opportunity to defend its legitimate interests only from the moment of admission of a representative - an individual. The author defines the directions of work of officials and other interested persons to protect the property interests of the Penal system of the Russian Federation when participating in criminal proceedings as a representative of the victim.

scholarly journals Analyzing Impact of Computer Attacks on the Banking System of the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
A. A. Salcutan
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
International System ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Computer Attacks ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swift System

The article analyzes damage caused by attacking finance organizations in the Russian Federation through activization of hacker groups. The mentioned attacks were mainly directed at banking cards’ processing, cash machines and the SWIFT system, an international system of transmitting finance information and payments. The growth in hacker penetrations can be seen in all sectors of Russian economy, it is based on informational confrontation and aims at destabilization of considerable objects of critical information infrastructure. Today special attention is paid to attacks of hacker groups, which get financing from states and criminal groupings in order to exert influence on the leading banks of the world. The author investigated the key methods of attacks of finance organizations. The role of the Federal service on technical and export control and the Department of information security of the Bank of Russia was described. By assessing the impact of computer attacks the author came to the conclusion that the Russian banking sector is vulnerable to computer attacks on informational systems that could cause damage not only to small but also big credit organizations, which possess over 60% of the Russian banking sector assets.  

ISSUE OF DEVELOPING NEW STANDARDS AS A MAIN CRITERION OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Татьяна Зворыкина ◽  
Tatyana Zvorykina ◽  
Людмила Сильчева ◽  
Lyudmila Silcheva ◽  
Ольга Гогаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Coherent System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the development of new professional standards aimed at improving the quality of vocational education. A new generation of standards professional education will develop and innovative educational programs. Uniform requirements to professional activity help to maintain the uniform quality of labour in all enterprises of the industry, conduct training needs and improving qualification of personnel and certification of personnel, to develop modular training programmes to introduce new technologies of training based on competencies, to conduct an independent assessment of learning outcomes, to create the new classifier of professions, and to form a coherent system of continuous professional education. Currently, due to the importance of activity of the enterprises of sphere of services to solve the problem of improving the quality of life of the population, Russia has adopted and is implementing various Federal programs, such as Federal target program «Development of domestic and outbound tourism in the Russian Federation for 2011–2018», «bases of state policy in the field of healthy nutrition of the population for the period till 2020», «Strategy of development of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation for the period till 2020» and other documents. The experience of socio- economic development of leading countries shows that the transition to a qualitatively new level of economy associated with the intensive mobilization of sources of growth, especially with the growing importance of using highly qualified personnel and the introduction of the evaluation system of vocational qualifications. Currently there are many forms of support for professional level performers of services. A key instrument for the formation of professional requirements to the specialists, workers, artists, etc. are of professional standards. Developing market processes in the field of services for the modeling and design of apparel, fur, leather, knitwear for in- dividual orders and the impact of professional community allow us to state that due to competition the quality of services increases significantly, and a key criterion in assessing the quality is the qualification of executors. Foreign and domestic experience shows that in the current conditions of socioeconomic development, develop- ment of professional standards «Specialist in modeling and designing sewing, fur, leather, knitwear for individual orders» becomes extremely important. The development of professional standards will take into account the spe- cifics of the actual services for the modeling and design of apparel, fur, leather, knitwear for individual orders to reflect the contemporary activities of a specialist in the field of fashion and beauty. The professional standard will be fully and clearly describe the requirements for specialists, to give an indication of the set of normative documents, regulating this activity.

FEATURES OF FORMATION AND MANAGEMENT OF STAFF QUALITY IN GERMANY AND RUSSIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Кудайберген ◽  
Pirimkul Kudaybergen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The article reveals peculiarities of the German and Russian staff, the tradition of quality of formation personnel in Germany and the Russian Federation. The impact reveals social protection, promotion, and the inevitability of punishment on the quality of the German staff. For example, compare the quality of the metro station and staff in Moscow and Dortmund, there is shown the differences in the activities of personnel in Germany and Russia. The origins and reasons for the relatively poor quality of Russian personnel are settled.

THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT ON REGIONAL DISPARITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Šoltés ◽  
Katarína Repková Štofková
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The structure of the business environment, as part of the socio-economic situation, indirectly affects a citizen’s quality of life. A “friendly” business environment has a positive effect on job formation, thus helping with employment. A country encourages formation and development of large enterprises through various incentives that reduce regional disparities, especially in less-developed regions. Nevertheless, a huge majority of enterprises in the European Union are small- and medium-sized. Self-employed persons are considered a specific form of business. Their activity is strongly influenced by state policy. This paper analyzes the business environment in regions of the Slovak Republic. Its principal aim is to examine the development of regional disparities and the related quality of citizens’ lives. An evaluation of statistical data of the structure of the business environment in the Slovak Republic indicated a change in legal units in relation to business. Although the number of legal units are stable, the number of legal persons has increased and that of natural persons-entrepreneurs decreased. Deepening of regional disparities was not observed across regions of the Slovak Republic.

scholarly journals Positive practices of the catering industry of the Russian Federation in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
E. V. Burdenko ◽  
G. V. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Public ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Catering Industry ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Public Catering ◽  
Positive Practices ◽  
The Impact

The novelty of the study is the generalization and analysis of statistical data obtained as a result of various sociological and scientific studies on the impact of the COV-ID-19 pandemic on the activities of the public catering sector in the Russian Federation. The authors carried out a study of positive practices that allowed the industry enterprises to continue to operate in self-isolation and improve financial results with the easing of restrictions. Among them are simplified terms for renting premises; sale of finished products by delivery to the direct consumer or pickup; non-standard formats of catering enterprises; restoration of demand for catering; application of new technologies in the process of cooking; introduction of vending machines in the catering industry; cooperation of catering enterprises with the tourism business.

scholarly journals Approbation of Approaches to Assessment of ESG Risks of Russian Companies at the Regional Level

Federalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Е. S. Emelyanova ◽  
L А. Vasiliev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is a serious, widespread threat and requires an urgent global response, including in the management of environmental risks. The authors of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, first of all, set the task of assessing the ESG risks of Russian companies at the regional level. The methodology of the study was based only on the analysis of environmental risks due to the historical features of the development of the Russian Federation, the approach of S&P Global in the field of corporate sustainability assessment was adopted, and then the initial values of the companies ‘ E-ratings were adjusted using the impact map developed by the United Nations. To test the proposed approach to assessing environmental risks, we used a sample of data on types of economic activity in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation. As a result of applying the proposed approach to data sampling, companies were assigned to one of the three categories that determine their exposure to E-risk: high, moderate, and low environmental risk. The E-risk exposure was also assessed based on the company’s regional affiliation to the relevant federal district. The main conclusion of the study was the confirmation of the need to improve the quality of analytics of companies ‘ exposure to environmental risks, the need for more detailed information disclosed by companies. 

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