scholarly journals Further Specifying the Cognitive Model of Depression: Situational Expectations and Global Cognitions as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Philipp Herzog ◽  
Charlotte M. Michalak ◽  
Julia A. Glombiewski ◽  
Bettina K. Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Baseline Assessment

The cognitive model of depression assumes that depressive symptoms are influenced by dysfunctional cognitions. To further specify this model, the present study aimed to examine the influence of different types of cognitions on depressive symptoms, i.e., situational expectations and global cognitions. It was hypothesized that situational expectations predict depressive symptoms beyond global cognitions. The present study examined a clinical (N = 91) and a healthy sample (N = 80) using longitudinal data with a baseline assessment and a follow-up five months later. Although the study was not designed as an interventional trial, participants from the clinical study received non-manualized cognitive-behavioral treatment after the baseline assessment. We examined situational expectations, intermediate beliefs, dispositional optimism, and generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation as predictors of depressive symptoms. Hypotheses were tested using multiple hierarchical linear regression analyses. Results indicate that, although there were significant correlations between the cognitive factors and depressive symptoms, in both samples neither global cognitions, nor situational expectations significantly predicted depressive symptoms at the five-month follow-up. The present study could, contrary to the hypotheses, not provide evidence for a significant impact of cognitive vulnerabilities on depressive symptoms, presumably due to high drop-out rates at follow-up. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are critically discussed. Situational and global cognitions were examined as predictors of depressive symptoms. In a healthy and a clinical sample, cognitive factors were correlated with depressive symptoms. However, in both samples depressive symptoms at follow-up were not predicted by cognitive factors. Situational and global cognitions were examined as predictors of depressive symptoms. In a healthy and a clinical sample, cognitive factors were correlated with depressive symptoms. However, in both samples depressive symptoms at follow-up were not predicted by cognitive factors.

scholarly journals Telephone-based cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in Parkinson disease

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (16) ◽  
pp. e1764-e1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne D. Dobkin ◽  
Sarah L. Mann ◽  
Michael A. Gara ◽  
Alejandro Interian ◽  
Kailyn M. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Treatment As Usual ◽  
Negative Thoughts

ObjectiveTo determine whether, for patients with depression and Parkinson disease (PD), telephone-based cognitive-behavioral treatment (T-CBT) alleviates depressive symptoms significantly more than treatment as usual (TAU), we conducted a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a 10-session T-CBT intervention for depression in PD, compared to TAU.MethodsSeventy-two people with PD (PWP) were randomized to T-CBT + TAU or TAU only. T-CBT tailored to PWPs’ unique needs was provided weekly for 3 months, then monthly during 6-month follow-up. CBT targeted negative thoughts (e.g., “I have no control”; “I am helpless”) and behaviors (e.g., social withdrawal, excessive worry). It also trained care partners to help PWP practice healthy habits. Blind raters assessed outcomes at baseline, midtreatment, treatment end, and 1 and 6 months post-treatment. Analyses were intent to treat.ResultsT-CBT outperformed TAU on all depression, anxiety, and quality of life measures. The primary outcome (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score) improved significantly in T-CBT compared to TAU by treatment end. Mean improvement from baseline was 6.53 points for T-CBT and −0.27 points for TAU (p < 0.0001); gains persisted over 6-month follow-up (p < 0.0001). Improvements were moderated by a reduction in negative thoughts in the T-CBT group only, reflecting treatment target engagement.ConclusionsT-CBT may be an effective depression intervention that addresses a significant unmet PD treatment need and bypasses access barriers to multidisciplinary, evidence-based care.Clinicaltrials.gov identifierNCT02505737.Classification of evidenceThis study provides Class I evidence that for patients with depression and PD, T-CBT significantly alleviated depressive symptoms compared to usual care.

Efficacy of psychological interventions on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Magán ◽  
Laura Casado ◽  
Rosa Jurado-Barba ◽  
Haley Barnum ◽  
Marta M. Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The benefits of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) and positive psychology therapy (PPT) in patients with cardiovascular disease are still not well defined. We assessed the efficacy of CBT and PPT on psychological outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Methods Randomized controlled trials evaluating CBT or PPT in CAD patients published until May 2018 were systematically analyzed. Primary outcomes were depression, stress, anxiety, anger, happiness, and vital satisfaction. Random effects meta-analyses using the inverse variance method were performed. Effects were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs); risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane tool. Results Nineteen trials were included (n = 1956); sixteen evaluated CBT (n = 1732), and three PPT (n = 224). Compared with control groups, depressive symptoms (13 trials; SMD −0.80; 95% CI −1.33 to −0.26), and anxiety (11 trials; SMD −1.26; 95% CI −2.11 to −0.41) improved after the PI, and depression (6 trials; SMD −2.08; 95% CI −3.22 to −0.94), anxiety (5 trials; SMD −1.33; 95% CI −2.38 to −0.29), and stress (3 trials; SMD −3.72; 95% CI −5.91 to −1.52) improved at the end of follow-up. Vital satisfaction was significantly increased at follow-up (MD 1.30, 0.27, 2.33). Non-significant effects on secondary outcomes were found. Subgroup analyses were consistent with overall analyses. Conclusion CBT and PPT improve several psychological outcomes in CAD patients. Depression and anxiety improved immediately after the intervention while stress and vital satisfaction improve in the mid-term. Future research should assess the individual role of CBT and PPT in CAD populations.

Pattern of Changes during Treatment: A Comparison between a Positive Psychology Intervention and a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Clinical Depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Lopez-Gomez ◽  
Covadonga Chaves ◽  
Gonzalo Hervas ◽  
Carmelo Vazquez
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Gradual Improvement

AbstractResearch on psychotherapy has traditionally focused on analyzing changes between the beginning and the end of a treatment. Few studies have addressed the pattern of therapeutic change during treatment. The aim of this study was to examine the pattern of changes in clinical and well-being variables during a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) program compared with an integrative positive psychology interventions program for clinical depression IPPI-D. 128 women with a diagnosis of major depression or dysthymia were assigned to the CBT or PPI group. A measure of depressive symptoms (i.e., Beck Depression Inventory) and well-being (i.e., Pemberton Happiness Index) were administered four times: at the beginning and end of the treatment, as well as during treatment (at sessions 4 and 7). Through mixed-model repeated measures ANOVAs, both depressive symptoms (p < .001, partial η2 = .52) and well-being (p < .001, partial η2 = .29) showed a significant improvement through the four assessment times. No significant interactions between time and treatment modality were found (ps > .08). The percentage of improvement in depressive symptoms in the first treatment period was higher than in the later ones (ps < .005). On the contrary, well-being showed a more gradual improvement (p = .15). These results highlight the importance of assessing the pattern of changes in symptoms and well-being separately.

Effects of Delay Discounting and Other Predictors on Smoking Relapse

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba González-Roz ◽  
Roberto Secades-Villa ◽  
Irene Pericot-Valverde ◽  
Sara Weidberg ◽  
Fernando Alonso-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Smoking Relapse

AbstractDespite the substantial decrease in the prevalence of tobacco smoking and the availability of effective smoking cessation treatments, smoking relapse after formal treatments remains extremely high. Evidence regarding clinical predictors of relapse after quitting is essential to promote long-term abstinence among those who successfully quit. This study aimed to explore whether baseline delay discounting (DD) rates and other sociodemographic, psychological, and smoking-related variables predicted relapse to smoking at six-month follow-up. Participants were 188 adult smokers (mean age = 42.9, SD = 12.9; 64.4% females) who received one of three treatment conditions: 6-weeks of cognitive–behavioral treatment (CBT) alone; or combined with contingency management (CBT + CM); or combined with cue exposure treatment (CBT+CET). Smoking status was biochemically verified. Logistic regression was conducted to examine prospective predictors of smoking relapse at six months after an initial period of abstinence. Greater DD rates (OR: 0.18; 95% CI [0.03, 0.93]), being younger (OR: 0.96; 95% CI [0.94, 0.99]), high nicotine dependence (OR: 1.34; 95% CI [1.13, 1.60]), and a higher number of previous quit attempts (OR: 4.47; 95% CI [1.14, 17.44]) increased the likelihood of smoking relapse at six-month follow-up. Besides sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics, greater DD predisposes successful quitters to relapse back to smoking. These results stress the relevance of incorporating specific treatment components for reducing impulsivity.

Cognitive–Behavioral Treatment of Depression in Men

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Spendelow
Keyword(s):  
Help Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Recommended Treatment

Depression is a significant public health issue and many researchers have suggested that modifications to conventional cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) are required to address infrequent help-seeking in men and counter negative effects of traditional masculinity on therapeutic engagement. This narrative review summarizes recommended alterations to CBT in the areas of therapeutic setting, process, and content. Key themes from this literature include a focus on behavioural interventions, and harmful cognitions that orginate from the traditional male gender stereotype. This literature is marked by limited empirical support for many of the recommended treatment modifications, and several options for future research are outlined.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Sertraline, and Their Combination for Children and Adolescents with OCD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falisha Gilman ◽  
Zheala Qayyum
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Child And Adolescent Psychiatry ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Landmark Study

This chapter provides a summary of a landmark study in child and adolescent psychiatry. Is sertraline, cognitive behavioral treatment, or their combination more effective in the initial treatment of children and adolescents with clinically significant obsessive-compulsive disorder? Starting with that question, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, who was studied, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

scholarly journals Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Smith ◽  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Lauren M. Schaefer ◽  
Lisa M. Anderson ◽  
Vivienne M. Hazzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background While negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or ‘de-couple’ during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes. Methods Adults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment. Results There was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up. Conclusions Both ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.

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