Quantitative evaluation of slow fluctuations of the volume of liquids inside cranial cavity

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. E. Moskalenko ◽  
T. I. Kravchenko ◽  
Yu. V. Novozhilova
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Manned Space

Introduction. Slow fl uctuations in the volume and pressure of liquids in the cranial cavity have been known for a long time and have been studied for more than 100 years. However, their quantitative indicators and their practical signifi cance remain unclear until now due to the diffi culties of research. Nevertheless, it was found that they were connected with the brain activity, which made it possible to use them as one of the physiological indicators in studying the problems of manned space fl ights. Goal of research — to study the possibility of using spectral analysis of slow fl uctuations of the volume of liquids inside the cranium in order to realize the quantitative assessment of their indicators with the use of modern microelectronics and computer technology.Materials and methods. In order to solve this problem we created a complex, in which rheoencephalograph-RG-01 («Mizar») was used as a converter-modulator of physiological signals into electrical oscillations. The device was connected with the ADC (Firm «ADIstrument»), Its software allows to calculate the spectrogram with a sampling rate of 128 kHz. Studies were conducted on volunteers of younger, middle and older age groups. The respiratory rate and the electrocardiography were registered together with the rheoencephalography. Electrodes were fi xed on the volonteers′ fronto-mastoid area.Results. Slow fl uctuations the cranium representan independent physiological phenomenon. The most considerable and valuable were fl uctuations in 0,1–0,3 Hz. It was found that current frequency of 100 or 200 kHz and frequency for quantization of 80–100 kHz was optimal for performing their spectrograms. The structure of such diagram consists of 4–7 peaks with amplitude of 0,4–0,7 units compared with REG pulse amplitude. They depend on age and are characterized by hemispheric asymmetry. Spectral diagrams of slow fl ucation inside cranium are representing inpendent physiological phenomenon. These fl uctuations are not connected by common origin, with heart activity and respiration. They are connected by nature with brain activity and PRM.Conclusion. Can be an informative method for diagnostic and assessment of general status of osteopathic patients well as for the assessment of mechanisms of action of some osteopathic techniques.

The Attenuation of Very Low Frequency Brain Oscillations in Transitions from a Rest State to Active Attention

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzannah K. Helps ◽  
Samantha J. Broyd ◽  
Christopher J. James ◽  
Anke Karl ◽  
Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Very Low Frequency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interference Hypothesis ◽  
Mode Interference

Background: The default mode interference hypothesis ( Sonuga-Barke & Castellanos, 2007 ) predicts (1) the attenuation of very low frequency oscillations (VLFO; e.g., .05 Hz) in brain activity within the default mode network during the transition from rest to task, and (2) that failures to attenuate in this way will lead to an increased likelihood of periodic attention lapses that are synchronized to the VLFO pattern. Here, we tested these predictions using DC-EEG recordings within and outside of a previously identified network of electrode locations hypothesized to reflect DMN activity (i.e., S3 network; Helps et al., 2008 ). Method: 24 young adults (mean age 22.3 years; 8 male), sampled to include a wide range of ADHD symptoms, took part in a study of rest to task transitions. Two conditions were compared: 5 min of rest (eyes open) and a 10-min simple 2-choice RT task with a relatively high sampling rate (ISI 1 s). DC-EEG was recorded during both conditions, and the low-frequency spectrum was decomposed and measures of the power within specific bands extracted. Results: Shift from rest to task led to an attenuation of VLFO activity within the S3 network which was inversely associated with ADHD symptoms. RT during task also showed a VLFO signature. During task there was a small but significant degree of synchronization between EEG and RT in the VLFO band. Attenuators showed a lower degree of synchrony than nonattenuators. Discussion: The results provide some initial EEG-based support for the default mode interference hypothesis and suggest that failure to attenuate VLFO in the S3 network is associated with higher synchrony between low-frequency brain activity and RT fluctuations during a simple RT task. Although significant, the effects were small and future research should employ tasks with a higher sampling rate to increase the possibility of extracting robust and stable signals.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Effects of Watching Videos of Different Durations Showing Urban Bamboo Forests with Varied Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3434
Author(s):  
Yuqian Wang ◽  
Mingyan Jiang ◽  
Yinshu Huang ◽  
Zhiyi Sheng ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time

This study illustrated the physiological and psychological effects of watching videos of different durations showing bamboo forests with varied structures. Physiological indicators, including EEG (electroencephalogram), blood pressure, skin conductance, and pulse, were monitored in 180 Chinese university students (mean age: 20.72 ± 2.56 years) while they were watching bamboo videos. Before and after watching the videos, their psychological indicators, including positive and negative moods, were measured using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. After watching the bamboo videos of different durations, all of the physiological indicators responded to the stimulation after only 1 min. The indicators showed different trends at 1, 3 and 5 min. EEG decreased and then was maintained at a stable level after 1 min, and the high β, low β, and α waves had no significant differences between 1, 3 and 5 min. Blood pressure dropped to a stable state after 3 min, and the decline was significantly different greater after 3 min than after 1 min. Skin conductance increased for 1 to 5 min, and it did not stabilize after a long time (5 min). Pulse decreased after 1 min but increased after 5 min. After watching the videos with bamboo of varying structures, the physiological and psychological indicators showed significantly different changes. Skin conductance significantly increased (mean value: 6.78%), and the amount of sweat was more effectively reduced, thereby reducing tension, when the students viewed videos of sympodial bamboo forests compared with monopodial bamboo forests. Bamboo forests with a higher canopy density (0.83–0.85) could significantly decrease α waves (mean value: 1.50 Hz), relaxing the human body. High β and low β waves showed greater decreases, with tension reduced more effectively, when bamboo forests with a low tilt ratio (< 1.5%) were viewed. Bamboo forests with neat undergrowth could have more beneficial physiological and psychological effects on the human body.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Physical Activity with Mobility Disabilities among Senior Citizens in a Selected Old Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Left Shoulder ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Abnormal Posture ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
Home Area ◽  
Shoulder Motion

The purpose of the study was to identify the mobility problem of aged people in selected old homes. The ages of the respondents are 60 plus age, which is clustered into 3 age groups 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and 80 plus age. This study established among 100% respondents 89.3% have self-bathing capacity, 89.3% have self-dressing capacity, 89.8% have self-toileting capacity, 93.3% have self-teeth washing capacity, 93.7% have self-eating capacity. For finding other problems of aged people set up among 206 participants of the old home area, 35.0% are disability problem. Besides, in old homes 19.9% have suffered diabetic mellitus for a long time, 51.0% suffered from hypertension, 11.7% suffered from low blood pressure, 14.6% have heart problems, 64.6% have urine catching difficulty, 6.8% have kidney disease. Among 206 respondents of the old home, area was 44.2% abnormal posture and they have 36.9% kyphosis, 4.4% scoliosis 0.5% lordosis, and 2.4% another abnormal posture. For the finding of aged people, we have asked some questions to identify pain severity and several labels found that among 206 participants of the old home area were 52.4% have pain during straight walking, 36.9% have neck pain, 56.3% have hip pain or lower back pain, 28.6% have thoraco-lumber pain and 34.0% have pain during sleeping time. Besides On this area respondents there was pain severity 21.4% have mild pain, 22.3% have moderate pain and 24.8% have severe pain. In this paper among 206 respondents of the old home area was 10.7% having a stroke history. Here 3.4% right side, 4.4 left sides, both sides 2.9% paralyzes. In this study Right shoulder motion 56.8% of participants ROM under 150 degrees and Left shoulder motion 61.2% of participants ROM under 150 degrees. Conversely, Right hip motion was 27.7% of participant's ROM under 60 degrees and Left hip motion 30.6% of participant's ROM under 60 degrees. Besides, Right knee motion 56.8% of participants ROM under 120 degrees and Left knee motion 57.3% participants ROM under 120 degrees. After completing the current study we think that everyone should take responsibility to survive the aged people for a long time.

scholarly journals Aging Reduces EEG Markers of Recognition Despite Intact Performance: Implications for Forensic Memory Detection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Hellerstedt ◽  
Arianna Moccia ◽  
Chloe M. Brunskill ◽  
Howard Bowman ◽  
Zara M. Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Older Populations

AbstractERP-based forensic memory detection is based on the logic that guilty suspects will hold incriminating knowledge about crimes they have committed, and therefore should show parietal ERP positivities related to recognition when presented with reminders of their crimes. We predicted that such forensic memory detection might however be inaccurate in older adults, because of changes to recognition-related brain activity that occurs with aging. We measured both ERPs and EEG oscillations associated with episodic old/new recognition and forensic memory detection in 30 younger (age < 30) and 30 older (age > 65) adults. EEG oscillations were included as a complementary measure which is less sensitive to temporal variability and component overlap than ERPs. In line with predictions, recognition-related parietal ERP positivities were significantly reduced in the older compared to younger group in both tasks, despite highly similar behavioural performance. We also observed ageing-related reductions in oscillatory markers of recognition in the forensic memory detection test, while the oscillatory effects associated with episodic recognition were similar across age groups. This pattern of results suggests that while both forensic memory detection and episodic recognition are accompanied by ageing-induced reductions in parietal ERP positivities, these reductions may be caused by non-overlapping mechanisms across the two tasks. Our findings suggest that EEG-based forensic memory detection tests are invalid in older populations, limiting their practical applications.

scholarly journals Palm Creases Analysis in Students and Staff of a Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Nirju Ranjit ◽  
Bidur Adhikari ◽  
Rajani Shrestha ◽  
Anusuya Shrestha ◽  
Rosha Bhandari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Palm Print ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Palm creases have been studied for a long time and have been recently found to be helpful in tracking underlying medical and genetic conditions. Scientific study and typing of palm prints have been found to be lacking in the Nepalese population Methods: A cross sectional study was done on 252 subjects, 153 male and 99 females, from Kathmandu, Nepal. Subjects were selected by purposive sampling from different age groups. Demographic profile including age, sex, and handedness was collected. Palm print pattern was recorded by digital photography. Each photograph was analysed visually by single observer and pattern of palm crease was noted. Variation of each crease was also noted. Results: On the basis of relation between radial longitudinal crease and proximal transverse crease, 17.3% subjects had open type of palm crease which was significantly more in females while 76.6% subjects had closed type crease which was significantly more in males. Meeting type of palm crease was found in 5.7% of subjects. On the basis of relation between proximal and distal transverse crease, normal crease type was found in 90.1% of subjects, Simian type was found in 7.7% subjects and Sydney type was found in 1.4% of subjects. The concordance of this pattern in left and right palms was found statistically significant. Conclusions: This study presented data from 252 seemingly normal healthy subjects and found that most of them had the normal with no branching, that is normal 1 and closed crease types. Most of the individual major creases were seen to be branched type.  

scholarly journals Neural Signatures of Semantic and Phonemic Fluency in Young and Old Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Meinzer ◽  
Tobias Flaisch ◽  
Lotte Wilser ◽  
Carsten Eulitz ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Word Finding ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Phonemic Fluency ◽  
Frontal Activity

As we age, our ability to select and to produce words changes, yet we know little about the underlying neural substrate of word-finding difficulties in old adults. This study was designed to elucidate changes in specific frontally mediated retrieval processes involved in word-finding difficulties associated with advanced age. We implemented two overt verbal (semantic and phonemic) fluency tasks during fMRI and compared brain activity patterns of old and young adults. Performance during the phonemic task was comparable for both age groups and mirrored by strongly left-lateralized (frontal) activity patterns. On the other hand, a significant drop of performance during the semantic task in the older group was accompanied by additional right (inferior and middle) frontal activity, which was negatively correlated with performance. Moreover, the younger group recruited different subportions of the left inferior frontal gyrus for both fluency tasks, whereas the older participants failed to show this distinction. Thus, functional integrity and efficient recruitment of left frontal language areas seems to be critical for successful word retrieval in old age.

scholarly journals How Multiple Retrievals Affect Neural Reactivation in Young and Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1086-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie St-Laurent ◽  
Bradley R Buchsbaum
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Transformative Process ◽  
Repeated Retrieval

Abstract Objectives Aging can reduce the specificity with which memory episodes are represented as distributed patterns of brain activity. It remains unclear, however, whether repeated encoding and retrieval of stimuli modulate this decline. Memory repetition is thought to promote semanticization, a transformative process during which episodic memory becomes gradually decontextualized and abstracted. Because semantic memory is considered more resilient to aging than context-rich episodic memory, we hypothesized that repeated retrieval would affect cortical reinstatement differently in young versus older adults. Methods We reanalyzed data from young and older adults undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging while repeatedly viewing and recalling short videos. We derived trial-unique multivariate measures of similarity between video-specific brain activity patterns elicited at perception and at recall, which we compared between age groups at each repetition. Results With repetition, memory representation became gradually more distinct from perception in young adults, as reinstatement specificity converged downward toward levels observed in the older group. In older adults, alternative representations that were item-specific but orthogonal to patterns elicited at perception became more salient with repetition. Discussion Repetition transformed dominant patterns of memory representation away and orthogonally from perception in young and older adults, respectively. Although distinct, both changes are consistent with repetition-induced semanticization.

Modern Means of Graphic Disciplines Teaching for Extramural Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Панченко ◽  
Vladimir Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Teaching Tools ◽  
Long Time

When studying ''Engineering and Computer Graphics'' discipline, extramural students are faced with a number of difficulties. Age groups of these students differ from full-time students from behind a greater number of students related to more age categories. Also, unlike full-time students, the level of extramural students’ primary education is higher, but it has been acquired for a long time, and knowledge, in the vast majority of cases, leaves much to be desired. In addition to the described differences it is possible to report a lesser amount of free time, which an extramural student can use for his independent work because of his primary employment’s strained activity timetable. An important moment that plays a key role in discipline understanding is the complexity of "Engineering and Computer Graphics" subject itself, which requires drawing skills (in the school some students did not even have such a discipline) and the ability for spatial thinking. In the presented paper have been considered features on age groups, primary education and drawing skill level for two streams of extramural students learning on the "Railway Operations" specialty in the Russian University of Transport (MIIT). In view of students’ contingent peculiarities the use of modern teaching tools in the process of studying "Engineering and Computer Graphics" discipline has been suggested as a method for enhancement of effectiveness for understanding of educational material. As an illustration of obtained theoretical concepts has been presented a plan for carrying out a laboratory work on "Engineering and Computer Graphics" discipline using modern teaching techniques. In the process of performing the laboratory work, modern teaching tools are used, and after its completion the trainees receive a useful solid piece (a stand for a smartphone) made on a 3D printer, obtained with the help of a three-dimensional model prepared by students, that increases the efficiency of received material’s understanding.

Different Frequency Bands of Electromagnetic Wave on Age-Related Developmental Changes

2013 ◽  
Vol 479-480 ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Ming Chung Ho ◽  
Chin Fei Huang ◽  
Chia Yi Chou ◽  
Ming Chi Lu ◽  
Chen Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Alpha Power ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials

Brain dynamics is an important issue in understanding child development. However, very little research of the event-related responses has been used to explore changes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate mature changes in spatiotemporal organization of brain dynamics. We hypothesized that oscillatory event-related brain activity were affected by age-related changes. The sample include three age groups, namely 7 years (N = 18), 11 years (N = 18), and adults (N = 18). The event-related spectral power (ERPSP), and inter-trial phase locking (ITPL) of the event-related potentials (ERPs) were obtained from the time-frequency analysis of the auditory oddball task. Results revealed that: (a) decreased theta power, but alpha power increased with age; (b) the values of ITPL in the theta and alpha bands increased with age. These suggest that ERPSP, and ITPL provide useful indicators of cognitive maturation processes in children aged 7 and 11 years.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document