scholarly journals Nigeria: A Country Profile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ikechi Onah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Belt ◽  
Far North ◽  
The North ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Nigeria is a sovereign country located in the area of West Africa bordering on the Gulf of Guinea. The country has a total area of 923, 769sq km (a little more than twice the size of California). Its physical size makes Nigeria the third largest country in Sub-Saharan Africa. The country’s terrain consists of the lowlands in the South with mountainous formations in the South-east, which merge into the hills and plateaus of the Central belt and the plains of the far north. The climate varies from the largely equatorial climates in the South to the tropical climates in the centre and the North (Ekoko, 1990). It is also the most populous country in Africa, with a population of about 160 million (2006 census), and a population growth rate estimate of 3%. The country is bordered on the west by the Republic of Benin and the Republic of Cameroon, on the south by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the north by Niger Republic and the Republic of Chad. Nigeria is endowed with numerous natural resources, the most important being petroleum and natural gas, found in the Niger Delta areas of the country. Coal, iron ore, tin, limestone, zinc, lead, gold, precious stones, and uranium are found across the country.There are many ethnic groups, roughly categorized into the majority ethnic groups and the minority ethnic groups. The majority groups are namely, the Hausa-Fulani of the North, the Yoruba of the South-west, and the Igbo of the South-east. The hundreds of so-called minority ethnic groups include the Igala, Tiv, Idoma, Junkun, Angas, Birom and others in the Central-belt, the Edo, Urhobo and Itshekiri in the Mid-west, the Ijaw, Efik, Ibibio and Ogoni in the South-south, and the Kanuri, Gwari and Kataf of the far-North. On the whole, it is estimated that the country has more than 250 ethnic groups (Osaghae, 1998). English is the official language in Nigeria, by virtue of the country being a former colony of Britain. Christianity, Islam and traditional beliefs are the religions in the country, and although there is no state religion, the various tiers of government in the country are often involved in aspects of some of these religions, including state sponsorships of annual Muslim and Christian pilgrimages to the Holy lands.    

scholarly journals The Republic Government of Vietnam’s culture policy on the Highland Minority Ethnic Groups (1954-1975)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Tiep Van Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
First Republic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Due to the important strategic political and military standing, during the First Republic Government and the Second Republic Government of Vietnam, the ethnicity policy on Highland minority ethnic groups was promulgated by the republic government of Vietnam. In general, the two Republic Governments of Vietnam paid attention to cultural policy, but the First Republic Government’s ethnicity policy was different from the Second Republic Government’s one. The First Republic Government executed policy of assimilation whereas the Second Republic Government carried out policy respecting minority ethnics’ culture with the perspective “homogeneousness and particularity”. This policy exerted remarkable influences on the minority ethnic groups’ cultural life that left a lot of experiences in developing minority ethnic groups’ culture nowadays.

scholarly journals A Model-Based Estimation of Resource Use Efficiencies in Maize Production in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lopez ◽  
Kolem ◽  
Srivastava ◽  
Gaiser ◽  
Ewert
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
The South ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
The North ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan

Food security is an increasingly serious problem worldwide, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. As land and resources are limited and environmental problems caused by agriculture are worsening, more efficient ways to use the resources available must be found. The objective of this study was to display the spatial variability in crop yield and resource use efficiencies across Nigeria and to give recommendations for improvement. Based on simulations from the crop model LINTUL5 we analyzed the influence of fertilizer application on the parameters Water Use Efficiency (WUE), Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE), and Radiation Use Efficiency (RUE) in maize. High spatial variability was observed, especially between the north and the south of the country. The highest potential for yield improvement was found in the south. While WUE and RUE increased with higher rates of fertilizer application, FUE decreased with higher rates. In order to improve these resource use efficiencies, we suggest optimizing management strategies, demand-oriented fertilizer application, and breeding for efficient traits.

scholarly journals The incidence of psychotic disorders among migrants and minority ethnic groups in Europe: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fabian Termorshuizen ◽  
Els van der Ven ◽  
Ilaria Tarricone ◽  
Hannah E. Jongsma ◽  
Charlotte Gayer-Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Abstract Background In Europe, the incidence of psychotic disorder is high in certain migrant and minority ethnic groups (hence: ‘minorities’). However, it is unknown how the incidence pattern for these groups varies within this continent. Our objective was to compare, across sites in France, Italy, Spain, the UK and the Netherlands, the incidence rates for minorities and the incidence rate ratios (IRRs, minorities v. the local reference population). Methods The European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study was conducted between 2010 and 2015. We analyzed data on incident cases of non-organic psychosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, codes F20–F33) from 13 sites. Results The standardized incidence rates for minorities, combined into one category, varied from 12.2 in Valencia to 82.5 per 100 000 in Paris. These rates were generally high at sites with high rates for the reference population, and low at sites with low rates for the reference population. IRRs for minorities (combined into one category) varied from 0.70 (95% CI 0.32–1.53) in Valencia to 2.47 (95% CI 1.66–3.69) in Paris (test for interaction: p = 0.031). At most sites, IRRs were higher for persons from non-Western countries than for those from Western countries, with the highest IRRs for individuals from sub-Saharan Africa (adjusted IRR = 3.23, 95% CI 2.66–3.93). Conclusions Incidence rates vary by region of origin, region of destination and their combination. This suggests that they are strongly influenced by the social context.

Education among the native peoples of Alaska

Polar Record ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (122) ◽  
pp. 431-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Darnell
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The North ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Rural Alaska ◽  
Indigenous Minorities ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Many indigenous minorities throughout the Arctic are presently enduring severe social and economic adversity. Although residents of the Arctic are fewer in number than most other minority ethnic groups, their difficulties are not. This article is a review of one aspect of those difficulties, in one sector of the north: education among the native residents of rural Alaska.

Conflicts in Biafra, Katanga and Cabinda as a result of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Olga Dzhenchakova
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The article considers the impact of the colonial past of some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and its effect on their development during the post-colonial period. The negative consequences of the geopolitical legacy of colonialism are shown on the example of three countries: Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of Angola, expressed in the emergence of conflicts in these countries based on ethno-cultural, religious and socio-economic contradictions. At the same time, the focus is made on the economic factor and the consequences of the consumer policy of the former metropolises pursuing their mercantile interests were mixed.

scholarly journals Unequal impact of the COVID-19 crisis on minority ethnic groups: a framework for understanding and addressing inequalities

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-216061
Author(s):  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Sham Lal ◽  
Enitan D Carrol ◽  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Kamlesh Khunti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Minority ethnic groups have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the exact reasons for this remain unclear, they are likely due to a complex interplay of factors rather than a single cause. Reducing these inequalities requires a greater understanding of the causes. Research to date, however, has been hampered by a lack of theoretical understanding of the meaning of ‘ethnicity’ (or race) and the potential pathways leading to inequalities. In particular, quantitative analyses have often adjusted away the pathways through which inequalities actually arise (ie, mediators for the effect of interest), leading to the effects of social processes, and particularly structural racism, becoming hidden. In this paper, we describe a framework for understanding the pathways that have generated ethnic (and racial) inequalities in COVID-19. We suggest that differences in health outcomes due to the pandemic could arise through six pathways: (1) differential exposure to the virus; (2) differential vulnerability to infection/disease; (3) differential health consequences of the disease; (4) differential social consequences of the disease; (5) differential effectiveness of pandemic control measures and (6) differential adverse consequences of control measures. Current research provides only a partial understanding of some of these pathways. Future research and action will require a clearer understanding of the multiple dimensions of ethnicity and an appreciation of the complex interplay of social and biological pathways through which ethnic inequalities arise. Our framework highlights the gaps in the current evidence and pathways that need further investigation in research that aims to address these inequalities.

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