scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES’ CULTIVATION

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
N.A Tikhomirova ◽  
◽  
M.R. Beibulatov ◽  
N.A. Urdenko ◽  
R.A. Buival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Intensive Development

The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Nicoli Nattrass ◽  
Jeremy Seekings
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Surplus Labour ◽  
Wage Increases ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
Intensive Development

In this introduction to our book, Inclusive Dualism, we revisit W. Arthur Lewis’s famous model of development with surplus labour. Lewis emphasized the benefits of dualism, by which he meant economic differentiation and the coexistence of sectors (and of firms within sectors) characterized by different levels of productivity and wages. He proposed an expansion of relatively low-wage, labour-intensive jobs that would raise productivity by drawing ‘surplus’ labour out of subsistence activities. When such surplus labour dried up, wages would rise. In contrast to Lewis, post-2000 advocates of decent work fundamentalism promote wage increases as an instrument to increase labour productivity irrespective of labour market conditions. In the presence of surplus labour, this can have dystopic consequences, as the South African case shows. In South Africa, with its very high unemployment rates, strategies to promote relatively high-wage, high-productivity jobs came at the cost of labour-intensive development and even job destruction, thereby exacerbating poverty and inequality.

scholarly journals Efficiency of foliar fertilization in table grapes cultivation under irrigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. V. Polukhina ◽  
◽  
M. V. Vlasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: to assess the impact of foliar nutrition with soluble fertilizers Plantafol and Boroplus on economic and biological indicators and the efficiency of cultivation of table grape varieties in dry conditions under irrigation. The relevance of research is due to the problem of ensuring food security at the national and regional levels. Materials and methods. The subject of research was the grape varieties Codryanka (early), Rizamat (medium) and Moskovsky (late). The studies were carried out in the period 2015–2017 in Astrakhan region. Irrigation was carried out depending on the phase of development at a rate of 500–2250 cubic meters per hectare. The timing of the fertilization treatment was tied to the development phases, and the rates were in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. The methodological basis was M. A. Lazarevsky and B. A. Dospekhov methods. The calculation of economic efficiency was carried out on the basis of actual costs associated with technological operations, fertilization, irrigation, protective measures, collection of main and additional products. Results. The most cost-effective is the combined use of soluble foliar fertilizers Plantafol and Boroplus on grape plantations. The Rizamat variety was distinguished. Conclusions. The economic efficiency of the soluble foliar fertilizers application on grape plantations on average for 2015–2017 is the most significant in all three varieties Kodryanka, Rizamat and Moskovsky during combined application of fertilizers, especially in the Rizamat variety, when growing and receiving grape products of which the cost price decreased by 24.6 %, reaching a minimum value of 14947.4 rubles/t, profitability increased to 234.5 %, and the payback up to 3.35 rubles/rubles.

scholarly journals Kharif Crops Selection for Sustainable Farming Practices in the Rajasthan-India Using Multiple Attribute-Based Decision-Making

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 536
Author(s):  
Vineet Tirth ◽  
Ram Karan Singh ◽  
Saiful Islam ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
Rini Asnida Binti Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Objective And Subjective Weights ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Given

Sustainability of agricultural practices depends on economic, environmental, and social conditions. The Rajasthan state of India has arid climatic conditions where kharif crops are commonly grown. In this work, the four major criteria are considered such as the farm area, crop yield per unit area, the cost prices, and the market sales price. Merged analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy techniques have been employed to give reasonable weight coefficients for the objective and subjective weights to each criterion. Multiple attribute-based decision-making models (MADM) have been developed using three proven techniques, namely the Exprom2, the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). The crop Pennisetum glaucum emerged as the most productive kharif crop in the arid climatic conditions of Rajasthan, India under the given criteria. The sensitivity analysis of the three methods identifies the most significant criteria and validates that Pennisetum glaucum is the first ranked crop despite the interchange of the weights. The methodology used in this study may be applied across the globe to select appropriate crops for maximizing the profit, optimizing the natural resources, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. This study may be used to enhance the agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) to make the agriculturalists self-sufficient and to help the state policymakers in making effective regional policies.

scholarly journals Economic and industrial assessment of common plum and cherry plum in the foothill zone of Adygea

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-141
Author(s):  
V. V. Sherstobitov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
The Cost

The article contains materials of the research on the yield of common plum and cherry plum varieties. The most productive samples have been selected. The productivity of the selected varieties have been studied for four years, which includes the following characteristics: average productivity (kg/tree), average productivity from one cubic meter of a crown (kg/m3 ), average fruit weight (g), average productivity (% to the standard). The economic efficiency of common plum and cherry plum for a 5 years period has been studied. The following indicators have taken into account: yield (t/ha), product cost (rubles/ha), production costs (rubles/ha), sales profit (rubles/ha), product profitability (%). It has been found that the productivity of the studied varieties (kg/tree) is quite different. Common plum productivity varies from from 14,4 (Nectar) to 34,6 (Shamsi). That of cherry plum varies from 20 (Rioni) to 34,1 (Shuntukskaya 11). Mathematical processing of data on the yield of fruits of common plum and cherry plum has been carried out using the method of field experiment. Statistical processing of one-factor experiment has been carried out by the method of deviation from the average one according to the variant. 3 groups of plum and cherry plum varieties have been identified at the standard level: low-productive, medium-productive, high-productive. The varieties of cherry plum with high productivity from one cubic meter of crown, more than 2,0 kg/m3 , have been identified: early Niberdzhaevskaya (st), Most early, Shuntukskaya 9, Shuntukskaya 11, Klyukovka, large Nalchikskaya. These include the following varieties of common plum: Renklod Altana, early Kabardinskaya (st), Vascova, Arvita, Hungarian Italian, Anna Shpet (st). The studied varieties of plum and cherry plum are divided into groups according to fruit sizes: small-fruited, medium-fruited and large-fruited. It has been established that the economic efficiency of the production of common plum and cherry plum fruits mainly depends on the yield of the variety and the cost of production. The profitability of common plum varieties is from 59,7% to 130%, cherry plum – from 39,9% to 59,2%.Economic and industrial assessment of common plum and cherryplum in the foothill zone of Adygea.

scholarly journals Wybrane problemy i kierunki współczesnej hodowli róż

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Joanna Monder
Keyword(s):  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rose Breeding ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
New Cultivars

Wybrane problemy i kierunki współczesnej hodowli róż Róża, to jeden z najważniejszych rodzajów roślin ozdobnych, istotny użytkowo, kulturowo i gospodarczo. Uprawiany od tysiącleci, podlega zmianom wskutek stosowania coraz nowszych narzędzi hodowli, umożliwiających sprostanie wymagającym oczekiwaniom odbiorców nowych odmian. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie podstawowych problemów i zagadnień hodowli róż w kontekście dotychczasowych osiągnięć i wiedzy, oraz perspektyw na przyszłość. Systematyka i taksonomia róż jest skomplikowana, a ich klasyfikacja ogrodnicza często odbiega od filogenetycznych powiązań. Hodowla róż wiąże się z wieloma problemami natury biologicznej. Implementacja nowoczesnych technik molekularnych, w tym genetycznych i genomicznych, ułatwiłaby stworzenie bazy i perspektyw dla programów hodowlanych, pomimo iż, komercyjni hodowcy przeważnie biorą pod uwagę jedynie cechy morfologiczne. W hodowli róż jednym z pierwszych przełomów było pojawienie się w Europie w XVIII i XIX w. gatunków azjatyckich i włączenie ich do hodowli, a jednym z ostatnich – uzyskanie pierwszych transgenicznych niebieskich kwiatów róż kumulujących delfinidynę w wakuolach komórek płatków. Obecnie w hodowli róż dominuje kontynuacja wyznaczonych wcześniej kierunków, m.in. uzyskanie odmian odpornych na choroby, warunki klimatyczne, z możliwością obniżenia kosztów pielęgnacji oraz zastosowania proekologicznych metod uprawy, żywotnych i intensywnie rosnących, powtarzających kwitnienie, o kwiatach pachnących, w klasycznych formach i barwach, lub przeciwnie – w zaskakujących kolorach i kształtach. Selected problems and directions of modern rose breeding Rose is the most important genus of ornamental plants, significant for use, culture and economy. It has been cultivated for millennia and is changing as a result of the new breeding tools, which are able to meet the most demanding needs of the recipients of new cultivars. The aim of this paper was to present the basic problems and issues of rose breeding in the context of up-to-date achievements and knowledge as well as prospects for the future. The systematics and taxonomy of roses is complex and their gardening classification often differs from the genetic connections. Rose cultivation is associated with many biological problems. The advancement in genetic and genomic research would facilitate the creation of a ground for breeding programs, although breeders usually take into account their morphological features only. One of the earliest breakthroughs in the breeding of roses was the emergence of Asian species in Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and their incorporation into breeding, and one of the last ones – obtaining the first transgenic blue roses accumulating delphinidin in petals. At present, continuation of previously defined directions dominates, i.e., achieving varieties resistant to diseases, climatic conditions, with possibilities of reducing the cost of care and use of pro-ecological cultivation methods, vigorous and intensely growing, repeatedly blooming, with fragrant flowers, in classic forms and colors, or the contrary – in surprising colors and shapes.

scholarly journals Selection of a heating system based on climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and on calculations of the technical and economic indicators of alternative systems: A case study of the solar greenhouse with a transformable building

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
B Rasakhodzhaev ◽  
S Makhmudov ◽  
F Muminov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Solar Greenhouse ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper presents studies on the choice of a heating system based on calculations of economic efficiency and payback periods for alternative systems, a solar greenhouse with a transformable body. The purpose of the work is to carry out calculations to determine the consumption of fuel resources necessary to ensure the required amount of energy for the heating season: consumption of natural gas, solid fuel (coal) and electricity for heating a greenhouse with a transformable (adjustable) body. Analytical methods were used to determine the cost of materials and the main units of a greenhouse with a transformable (adjustable) body. Depending on the shape of the greenhouse, the total costs, economic efficiency and payback periods are determined. The research work carried out shows that, in terms of the cost of construction and consumption of materials, the developed greenhouse with transformable (adjustable) body are quite acceptable for its successful use among farmers and private households in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Calculation of economic efficiency and payback periods for greenhouses with a transformable housing allows you to choose the most acceptable heating system and technical characteristics of alternative systems acceptable for the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF BREEDING OF AKTOHAYSKY SHEEP IN SCAN FODDING CONDITIONS OF DESERT ZONES OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Begembekov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Torekhanov ◽  
K.Z. Amanbaev ◽  
E.S. Akhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fat Tail ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Desert Zone

The article presents the results of a study on the cost-effectiveness of breeding of Kazakh fat tail sheep, Edilbaev and Aktogay semi-coarse sheep in harsh climatic conditions, poor feed conditions with year-round grazing in the desert zone of Central Kazakhstan. It has been established that in this zone, the most profitable, both from the point of view of obtaining the highest, higher quality products, and economic efficiency, is the breeding of Aktogai populations of semi-coarse fat tail sheep.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Agrobiological and Disease Resistance Traits of Grapevine Hybrid Populations (Vitis vinifera L. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) in the Climatic Conditions of Crimea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Vladimir Volynkin ◽  
Irina Vasylyk ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Elizaveta Grigoreva ◽  
Dmitry Karzhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Muscadinia Rotundifolia

The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.

GSS 2011 Linked with TIFF: Exploring the Cost of Child Care in Canada and the Use of the Child Care Tax Benefit

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Leanne Findlay ◽  
Dafna Kohen
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Indigenous Identity ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Employment Characteristics ◽  
Different Sources

Affordability of child care is fundamental to parents’, in particular, women’s decision to work. However, information on the cost of care in Canada is limited. The purpose of the current study was to examine the feasibility of using linked survey and administrative data to compare and contrast parent-reported child care costs based on two different sources of data. The linked file brings together data from the 2011 General Social Survey (GSS) and the annual tax files (TIFF) for the corresponding year (2010). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the socio-demographic and employment characteristics of respondents who reported using child care, and child care costs were compared. In 2011, parents who reported currently paying for child care (GSS) spent almost $6700 per year ($7,500 for children age 5 and under). According to the tax files, individuals claimed just over $3900 per year ($4,700). Approximately one in four individuals who reported child care costs on the GSS did not report any amount on their tax file; about four in ten who claimed child care on the tax file did not report any cost on the survey. Multivariate analyses suggested that individuals with a lower education, lower income, with Indigenous identity, and who were self-employed were less likely to make a tax claim despite reporting child care expenses on the GSS. Further examination of child care costs by province and by type of care are necessary, as is research to determine the most accurate way to measure and report child care costs.

Input Use and Productivity across Farm Sizes: A Comparison of the Two Punjabs

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshya Mujahid Mukhtar ◽  
Hanid Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Ideal Framework ◽  
Productivity Gains

Agricultural production depends upon certain crucial inputs e.g., water, fertilizer etc. In the less developed regions of South Asia in general, and the indo-Pakistan sub-continent in particular, the use of these inputs depends not only upon the financial affordability but also upon the institutional accessibility of farmers to these inputs. Besides high economic costs, bureaucratic controls and corruption regarding the distribution of inputs have created problems of limited accessibility, especially to the small farmers. In the absence of any credit, information and/or input distribution networks, the use of these inputs, and related productivity gains, become confined to that class of farmers which not only has better access to these inputs but is capable of using them in the best possible way e.g. use of water and fertilizer in the appropriate amount and at the appropriate time. This paper attempts to study how input use and input productivity vary across farm sizes, with some reference to the infrastructural and institutional factors, whose development play an important role in improving the distribution and productivity of inputs. For such an analysis, a comparison of the two Punjabs i.e. Pakistani and Indian Punjabs, presents an ideal framework, Separated by a national boundary since 1947, the two Punjabs enjoy a common history and culture, similar agricultural practices and agro-climatic conditions, Government policies in the two Punjabs, however, have not only differed between the two provinces at the same time, but also over time in the same province. It may be noted that due to certain policy measures, land distribution, tenancy conditions, promotion of agricultural co-operatives and provision of infrastructural features, such as roads and electricity, are relatively more improved in Indian than Pakistani Punjab.

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