scholarly journals The Assessment of Agrobiological and Disease Resistance Traits of Grapevine Hybrid Populations (Vitis vinifera L. × Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) in the Climatic Conditions of Crimea

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Vladimir Volynkin ◽  
Irina Vasylyk ◽  
Vitalii Volodin ◽  
Elizaveta Grigoreva ◽  
Dmitry Karzhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Muscadinia Rotundifolia

The Crimean autochthonous grape varieties are unique by their origin and serve as a valuable source for breeding new cultivars with increased salt and frost resistance, as well as high-quality berries. However, they suffer from fungal pathogens, as the dry and hot summer months contribute to the epiphytotic course of diseases. An increase in the resistance of Crimean grape varieties is currently achieved through interspecific hybridization. In this study, we describe the genetic and agrobiological diversity of three hybrid populations obtained using the Vitis interspecific hybrid ‘Magarach 31-77-10′ as a female parent and Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera BC5 hybrid plants as male parents. The hybrid nature of the populations was assessed using RADseq high-throughput genotyping. We discovered 12,734 SNPs, which were common to all three hybrid populations. We also proved with the SSR markers that the strong powdery and downy mildew resistance of the paternal genotypes is determined by the dominant Run1/Rpv1 locus inherited from M. rotundifolia. As a result, the disease development score (R, %) for both mildew diseases in the female parent ‘Magarach 31-77-10’ was three times higher than in male parents 2000-305-143 and 2000-305-163 over two years of phytopathological assessment. The highest values of yield-contributing traits (average bunch weight ~197 g and 1.3 kg as yield per plant) were detected in the population 4-11 (♀M. No. 31-77-10 × 2000-305-163). Despite the epiphytotic development of PM, the spread of oidium to the vegetative organs of hybrids 4-11 did not exceed 20%. Some hybrid genotypes with high productivity and resistance to pathogens were selected for further assessment as promising candidates for new varieties.

scholarly journals The role of grape variety in the quality formation of brandy base wines and distillates

2020 ◽  
pp. 362-367
Author(s):  
Ольга Алексеевна Чурсина
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Grape Varieties

Альтернативой дефицитным интродуцированным сортам винограда могут явиться аборигенные сорта вида Vitis vinifera L., а также современные сложные межвидовые сорта винограда с групповой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным биотическим и абиотическим факторам, которые позволят создать устойчивую сырьевую базу для коньячного производства. Аромат-образующий комплекс сортов винограда для коньячного производства определяется разнообразными классами химических соединений, которые играют важную роль в формировании качества коньяка. В статье представлены результаты исследования сортовых особенностей винограда и их влияние на формирование комплекса ароматобразующих веществ виноматериалов и молодых коньячных дистиллятов. Оценка сортов по ряду биохимических, физико-химических и технологических показателей позволила выявить отличительные признаки исследуемых групп винограда различного происхождения. Установлены диапазоны варьирования показателей в зависимости от степени зрелости винограда, климатических условий года и зоны произрастания винограда. Характерными свойствами интродуцированных европейских сортов явились высокая оксидазная активность и способность фенольных веществ сусла к окислению; сортов межвидовой селекции - низкая способность винограда к отдаче фенольных веществ и их содержание в сусле при повышенной оксидазной активности. Отличительными признаками аборигенного сорта Шабаш явились низкая массовая концентрация титруемых кислот и оксидазная активность, но высокая способность винограда к отдаче фенольных веществ и их содержание в сусле. Установлено, что доля высших спиртов в составе летучих примесей виноматериалов и дистиллятов возрастала в следующем ряду: европейские сорта→аборигенный сорт→межвидовые сорта, а доля средних эфиров в этой последовательности, напротив, снижалась. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы для регулирования комплекса ароматобразующих веществ коньячных виноматериалов и дистиллятов уже на начальных этапах переработки винограда, с целью повышения их качества. An alternative to the scarce introduced grape varieties can be native varieties of the species Vitis vinifera L., as well as modern complex interspecific grape varieties with group resistance to unfavorable biotic and abiotic factors, which will create a stable base of raw materials for brandy production. The aroma-producing complex of grape varieties for brandy production is determined by various classes of chemical compounds playing an important role in the quality of finished product. The article presents the results of study of varietal characteristics and their influence on formation of a complex of aromatic substances of base wines and young brandy distillates. Evaluation of varieties for a number of biochemical, physicochemical and technological parameters made it possible to identify distinctive features of the studied groups of grapes of various origin. Ranges of parameter variation are established depending on the degree of grape maturity, climatic conditions of the year and zone of growing. Characteristic properties of the introduced European varieties are high oxidase activity and the ability of phenolic substances of the must to oxidize; of the interspecific selection varieties - the low ability of grapes to yield phenolic substances and their content in the must with increased oxidase activity. Distinctive features of the native variety ‘Shabash’ were a low mass concentration of titratable acids and oxidase activity, but also a high ability of grapes to release phenolic substances and their content in the must. It was found that the proportion of higher alcohols in the composition of volatile impurities of base wines and distillates increased in the series: European varieties → native variety → interspecific varieties, while the proportion of medium-chain esters in this sequence, on the contrary, decreased. The obtained research results can be used to regulate the complex of aroma-producing substances of brandy base wines and distillates, starting from the initial stages of processing, in order to improve their quality.

scholarly journals Impact of Climatic Conditions on the Resveratrol Concentration in Blend of Vitis vinifera L. cvs. Barbera and Croatina Grape Wines

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Federico Ferrari ◽  
Marco Trevisan ◽  
Luigi Bavaresco
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Bioclimatic Indices ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Production Areas

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of meteorological conditions on resveratrol concentration of red wines produced in Piacenza viticultural region (Italy). In this regard, six representative estates producing Colli Piacentini Gutturnio DOC (a blend of V. vinifera L. cvs. Barbera and Croatina) vintage wines were analysed for trans- and cis-resveratrol over an 8-year period (1998–2005). Grapes were taken from the same vineyard in each estate by using the same enological practices over the entire investigated period. The meteorological conditions corresponding to the production areas were recorded, and bioclimatic indices were calculated as well. Overall, cis-resveratrol concentration was negatively correlated to Huglin index and August mean temperature, whilst positive correlation coefficients were found when considering the Selianinov index and the rainfall of September.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF TABLE GRAPEVINE VARIETIES’ CULTIVATION

Russian vine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
N.A Tikhomirova ◽  
◽  
M.R. Beibulatov ◽  
N.A. Urdenko ◽  
R.A. Buival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Care Technology ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Intensive Development

The economic efficiency of the cultivation of grapes as a branch of agriculture depends on the adaptation of grape varieties to the soil and climatic conditions of the place of growth. When developing new agricultural practices and technological solutions for the cultivation of grapes, it is necessary to assess the econom-ic efficiency of the proposed innovative ap-proaches. The cultivation of such grape varie-ties is becoming important and relevant, which, with high productivity and the use of differen-tiated care technology, require minimal costs when servicing the bushes and harvesting. In-creasing labor productivity in the viticulture industry is the most important condition for the intensive development of production. One of these conditions today is the formation of a bush according to the technology element, the shape of a bush AZOS-1, which allows to re-duce the cost of care and harvesting of grapes. The conducted research on the technology of cultivation of table grape varieties in connec-tion with the use of a new form of bush made it possible to economically substantiate the economic efficiency of growing grapes.

scholarly journals Factors affecting in vitro cultivation of grape (Vitis vinifera L.): a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikadu Kumsa
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Grape Varieties

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is globally cultivated as commercial fruit crop usually used for fruit purpose or industrial product. The objective of the current review is to review and identify the research gap on the effect of different growth media and vitrification on shooting and rooting performance of grape. Factors affecting rooting of grape cuttings can be internal or external factors. Currently, grapevines are very sensitive to disease in the conventional method of propagation. Even if tissue culture is recommended for healthy propagation of the grape varieties, still factors affecting the growth of the plant verifications were reported. This, review paper progressively revised for the existing factors and possible solutions during in vitro propagation of grapevines. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 1-5, June 2020

scholarly journals Expression of Specific Class I Chitinase mRNA Levels in Different Grape Varieties and Their Antimicrobial Activity

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Jana Žiarovská ◽  
Lucia Zamiešková ◽  
Jana Bilčíková ◽  
Veronika Fialková ◽  
Jozef Sabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Class I ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Specific Class ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
I Gene

The aim of this study was to compare the natural variability of the expression of class I chitinase gene in grapes of Vitis vinifera L. varieties as well as investigate their antimicrobial activity. Further, the effect of antimicrobial activity in chitinase expression was analyzed. Matured berries of thirteen grape varieties were used in the study—Alibernet, Dornfelder, Cabernet Sauvignon, Blaufränkisch, Sauvignon Blanc, Welschriesling, Weisser Riesling, Irsai Oliver, Pinot Blanc, Pálava, Müller-Thurgau, Grűner Veltliner, and Feteasca Regala, grown in the Small Carpathians wine region of Slovakia, Vrbové. Chitinase I gene expression was found to be similar in most of the analyzed varieties with the except of two varieties, where the expression of chitinase I was significantly higher—Pinot Blanc and Savignon Blanc. By comparing the varieties between the lowest and highest expression fold change, they were statistically different in the level of its chitinase I gene expression. Grape pomace extracts of analyzed Vitis vinifera L. were effective against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts, but a weak correlation tendency was found between chitinase I gene expression and antimicrobial activity, only against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata.

scholarly journals Effects of Natural Hail on the Growth, Physiological Characteristics, Yield, and Quality of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless under Mediterranean Growing Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Despoina G. Petoumenou ◽  
Katerina Biniari ◽  
Efstratios Xyrafis ◽  
Dimitrios Mavronasios ◽  
Ioannis Daskalakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Soluble Solid ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties

Hailstorms are typically localized events, and very little is known about their effect on crops. The objective of this study was to examine the physiological and vine performance responses to natural hail, registered four weeks after full bloom, of field-grown Thompson seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines, one of the most important table grape varieties cultivated in Greece and especially in the Corinthian region in northeastern Peloponnese. Leaf gas exchange, vegetative growth, vine balance indices, cane wood reserves, yield components, and fruit chemical composition were recorded from hail-damaged vines and compared with control vines. Visibly, the extent of the hailstorm damage was great enough to injure or remove leaves as well as cause partial stem bruising and partial injury or total cracking of berries. Our results indicated that natural hail did not affect leaf photosynthesis, berry weight, total acidity, and cane wood reserves but significantly reduced the total leaf area, yield, and the total phenolics of berries at harvest. At the same time, hail-damaged vines increased the leaf area of lateral canes and presented a higher total soluble solid (TSS) accumulation, while no effect on the next year’s fertility was registered. The present work is the first attempt to enhance our understanding of the vegetative yield, berry quality, and physiological responses of grapevines to natural hail, which is an extreme and complex natural phenomenon that is likely to increase due to climate change.

Proanthocyanidin Composition and Antioxidant Potential of the Stem Winemaking Byproducts from 10 Different Grape Varieties (Vitis vinifera L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (48) ◽  
pp. 11850-11858 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Reyes González-Centeno ◽  
Michael Jourdes ◽  
Antoni Femenia ◽  
Susana Simal ◽  
Carmen Rosselló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Grape Varieties
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