scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion Of Multiple Feedstocks For Biomethane Recover- The Impact Of Lipids:Proteins:Carbohydrates Ratio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rabii
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Acidification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<div>Municipalities are facing increasing challenges regarding management and disposal of solid waste. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of municipal biowaste enables waste reduction and biogas production that can be utilized as a renewable source of energy for heat and power generation. Anaerobic co-digestion (AnCoD) enhances the performance of conventional mono-digestion. The mixing ratio of the feedstocks is an important criterion in AnCoD design which is typically determined based on the optimum carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio within the range of 25-30 or COD:N ratio in the range of 50-140. However, literature has shown contradictory results for the optimum C:N and COD:N ratios.</div><div>Therefore, the main objective of this study was to primarily investigate the influence of the mixing ratio of the feedstocks including thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS), manure and source separated organics (SSO) on improving biomethane production and introducing a new methodology for optimizing the mixing ratio in AnCoD based on the lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates contents as the three main compounds existing in biowaste. The hydrolysis/acidification performance in AnCoD of manure, TWAS and SSO individually and in different combinations was also investigated. This study has introduced an empirical model to explain the relationship between the biomethane production and lipids: proteins: carbohydrates ratio of the feedstocks in anaerobic co-digestion of TWAS, manure and SSO. Among the binary ad ternary combinations, the ternary co-digestion of TWAS/manure/ SSO at the mixing ratio of 2:4:4 and lipids: proteins: carbohydrates ratio of 1:3:12 resulted in the maximum ultimate methane production. The maximum methane yield of 363 ml CH4/g COD added corresponded to co-digestion of manure/SSO at the mixing ratio of 7:3. The maximum hydrolysis rate corresponded to the co-digestion of TWAS/manure at the ratio of 9:1. Overall, the best performance in both hydrolysis and methanogenesis was achieved by the co-digestion of TWAS with SSO at the ratio of 3:7 as well as TWAS/manure/SSO at the ratio of 2:4:4 compared to other feedstock mixes. It was observed that the proposed second order polynomial model could describe the relationship between biomethane production and lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates content of the feedstock.</div>

scholarly journals Anaerobic Co-Digestion Of Multiple Feedstocks For Biomethane Recover- The Impact Of Lipids:Proteins:Carbohydrates Ratio

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rabii
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Acidification ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

<div>Municipalities are facing increasing challenges regarding management and disposal of solid waste. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of municipal biowaste enables waste reduction and biogas production that can be utilized as a renewable source of energy for heat and power generation. Anaerobic co-digestion (AnCoD) enhances the performance of conventional mono-digestion. The mixing ratio of the feedstocks is an important criterion in AnCoD design which is typically determined based on the optimum carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio within the range of 25-30 or COD:N ratio in the range of 50-140. However, literature has shown contradictory results for the optimum C:N and COD:N ratios.</div><div>Therefore, the main objective of this study was to primarily investigate the influence of the mixing ratio of the feedstocks including thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS), manure and source separated organics (SSO) on improving biomethane production and introducing a new methodology for optimizing the mixing ratio in AnCoD based on the lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates contents as the three main compounds existing in biowaste. The hydrolysis/acidification performance in AnCoD of manure, TWAS and SSO individually and in different combinations was also investigated. This study has introduced an empirical model to explain the relationship between the biomethane production and lipids: proteins: carbohydrates ratio of the feedstocks in anaerobic co-digestion of TWAS, manure and SSO. Among the binary ad ternary combinations, the ternary co-digestion of TWAS/manure/ SSO at the mixing ratio of 2:4:4 and lipids: proteins: carbohydrates ratio of 1:3:12 resulted in the maximum ultimate methane production. The maximum methane yield of 363 ml CH4/g COD added corresponded to co-digestion of manure/SSO at the mixing ratio of 7:3. The maximum hydrolysis rate corresponded to the co-digestion of TWAS/manure at the ratio of 9:1. Overall, the best performance in both hydrolysis and methanogenesis was achieved by the co-digestion of TWAS with SSO at the ratio of 3:7 as well as TWAS/manure/SSO at the ratio of 2:4:4 compared to other feedstock mixes. It was observed that the proposed second order polynomial model could describe the relationship between biomethane production and lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates content of the feedstock.</div>

Evaluation of Aerobic and Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Tetraselmis suecica and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 243-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Syed Muhammad Usman Shah ◽  
Azizul Buang ◽  
Mohd Fariduddin Othman ◽  
Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Tetraselmis Suecica ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

This study investigated co-cultivation of Tetraselmis suecica microalgae with Oil Palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) for anaerobic biomethane production and Palm oil mill effluent (POME) treatment. The highest specific biogas production (0.1162 m3 kg-1 COD day-1) and biomethane yield (3900.8 mL CH4 L-1 POME day-1) was achieved with microalgae at 2 mL mL-1 POME, and OPEFB at 0.12 g mL-1 POME. Without co-digestion of microalgae, higher specific biogas production (0.1269 m3 kg-1 COD day-1) but lower biomethane yield (3641.8 mL CH4 L-1 POME day-1) were observed. Second order polynomial model fits the data well with less than 5% error. Higher removal efficiency (62-95%) of COD, BOD, TOC and TN were achieved by aerobic and anaerobic treatment of POME with microalgae than without microalgal treatment after 3 and 7 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT).

scholarly journals Effects of Co-substrates’ Mixing Ratios and Loading Rate Variations on Food and Agricultural Wastes’ Anaerobic co-digestion Performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El houda Chaher ◽  
Nils Engler ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Tunisia is one of the developing countries which faces crucial challenges, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for an appropriate waste treatment, and the demand for water and energy conservation. To this end, the present research was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treating food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) of FW, wheat straw (WS), and cattle manure (CM) was tested to investigate the relationship between the effect of the feedstock mixtures and C:N ratio on biogas and digestate generation at different organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d. Results showed that the mono-digested FW was optimal and reached 565.5 LN/kg VSin at an OLR of 2.4 kg VS/m3.d, and then a drop of biogas production was recorded. However, for co-digested substrates, the optimum mixture ratio was FW:CM 75:25, where 62%, 39.89%, 91.26%, 130.9% and 119.97% of the biogas yield improved for OLRs ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3. d, respectively. Admittedly, the target of this work was to enhance the ACoD process, but it also examined the exploitation of different AD-effluents. Therefore, special attention was paid to the generated digestates to decide how it can be efficiently upcycled later. Thus, the closed cycle ‘biowaste to bioenergy’ treatment met two of the major Tunisian concerns: efficient organic waste management as well as sustainable bioenergy production.

scholarly journals Optimisation of C:N Ratio for Co-Digested Processed Industrial Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Using the BMP Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhaib Siddiqui ◽  
N.J. Horan ◽  
Kofi Anaman
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Bmp Test

Biomethane production from processed industrial food waste (IFW) in admixture with sewage sludge (primary and waste activated sludge: PS and WAS) was evaluated at a range of C:N ratios using a standard biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. IFW alone had a C:N of 30 whereas for WAS it was 5.4 and thus the C:N ratio of the blends fell in that range. Increasing the IFW content in mix improves the methane potential by increasing both the cumulative biogas production and the rate of methane production. Optimum methane yield 239 mL/g VSremoved occurred at a C:N ratio of 15 which was achieved with a blend containing 11 percent (w/w) IFW. As the fraction of IFW in the blend increased, volatile solids (VS) destruction was increased and this led to a reduction in methane yield and amount of production. The highest destruction of volatile solids of 93 percent was achieved at C:N of 20 followed by C:N 30 and 15. A shortened BMP test is adequate for evaluating optimum admixtures.

scholarly journals Effects of co-substrates’ mixing ratios and loading rate variations on food and agricultural wastes’ anaerobic co-digestion performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour El Houda Chaher ◽  
Nils Engler ◽  
Abdallah Nassour ◽  
Michael Nelles
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTunisia is one of the developing countries which faces crucial challenges, the most prominent of which are the production of organic waste, the need for an appropriate waste treatment, and the demand for water and energy conservation. To this end, the present research was designed to develop a technical concept on closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treating food waste (FW) through combined biological processes. In this approach, semi-continuous anaerobic co-digestion (ACoD) of FW, wheat straw (WS), and cattle manure (CM) was tested to investigate the relationship between the effect of the feedstock mixtures and C:N ratio on biogas and digestate generation at different organic loading rates (OLRs) ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d. Results showed that the mono-digested FW was optimal and reached 565.5 LN/kg VSin at an OLR of 2.4 kg VS/m3.d, and then a drop of biogas production was recorded. However, for co-digested substrates, the optimum mixture ratio was FW:CM 75:25, where 62%, 39.89%, 91.26%, 130.9%, and 119.97% of the biogas yield improved for OLRs ranging from 2 to 3.6 kg VS/m3.d, respectively. Admittedly, the target of this work was to enhance the ACoD process, but it also examined the exploitation of different AD effluents. Therefore, special attention was paid to the generated digestates to decide how it can be efficiently upcycled later. Thus, the closed cycle “biowaste to bioenergy” treatment met two of the major Tunisian concerns: efficient organic waste management and sustainable bioenergy production.

The impacts of red mud dosing on methane production and reduction of CO2: Activity of granules and formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2098689
Author(s):  
Anwar Ahmad ◽  
Fatima Shahitha
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Mixing Ratio

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of red mud (RM) dosing on granular sludge formation, biogas production and carbon dioxide reduction from palm oil mill effluent (POME) digestion. The results show that dosing RM adversely affected sludge granulation due to the formation of precipitates and hydrolyzates with poor settleability. However, at the optimal dosage (4.5 g RM/L), it could benefit granules formation and stability by improving the in extracellular polymeric substances and biogas production rate was 87.9 l g-VSadded/d at 4.5:30 mixing ratio. The ratio of 0.5:80–2.5:50 g-VS did not affect methane production and the highest methane yield average 79.9 l/g-VS added for RM:POME of 4.5:30, 14.5 higher respective to that of POME alone only. A CO2 reduction of 89.6% was obtained at RM of 4.5:30 ( r = 0.998). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was 87% obtained at 30 g COD/l and 4.5:30 g-VS with growth of sp. Methanosarcina. The process evaluation was found model cone best fitted and actual production of CH4. The evidence by low root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) showed high correlation difference (Dif. %) with predicted value and actual values. Analyses were evaluated that the POME degradation with RM utilization, substantially enhanced the hydrolysis rate (khyd), lag phase time h (λ) and methane production rate ( Rm) of mixing ratio of RM:POME. Furthermore, the system showed solid reduction with the increased production of methane.

scholarly journals The effect of solid waste management investments in the Republic of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (45) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pavlović ◽  
Andrea Ivanišević ◽  
Ivana Katić ◽  
Alpar Lošonc ◽  
Mladen Radišić
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The problem of establishing an effective solid waste management system is complex and still unresolved in Serbian municipalities, cities and settlements. Most landfills in Serbia do not meet basic sanitary standards and can often contain waste that is dangerous to human, plant and animal health, and waste that can be recycled is often dumped. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between waste generation and private investments in waste management. Statistical method of multiple linear regression was used to examine the impact of three predictors - economic development, investments in waste management, and urban population, on the dependent variable - municipal solid waste generation. The results of the research reveal that investments in waste management in Serbia do not have an effect on the waste reduction because the financial resources for such investments are not adequately managed. There is a large number of scientific researches that have dealt with the analysis of the mentioned relationship, however, their number on the example of Serbia is rather scarce. The results of the research could be useful to the state administrations of the Republic of Serbia.

The Relationship between Taiwan Green Buildings, Humanity and Aesthetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 2538-2543
Author(s):  
Ying Ming Su ◽  
Chia Hui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Rating System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The Taiwan Green Building Rating System is composed of the four categories of Ecology, Energy Saving, Waste Reduction and Health. There are also nine indicators, which are mainly guidelines but fail to consider humanity and the aesthetics of the buildings and urban environment. Based on a review of relevant literature and professional seminars, the questionnaire that was edited according to proposals relating to Green Building Aesthetics made by professionals in the field and then used to analyze the current relationship between green buildings, humanity and aesthetics in Taiwan. It is hoped, that this will enable us to fully explore the impact of humanity and aesthetics on Taiwan Green Buildings, while further demonstrating the importance of humanity and aesthetics. According to the questionnaire results, 76.8% of the respondents disagreed as well as kind of agreed and disagreed with the idea that the current Green Buildings in Taiwan has comprised of the concepts of Humanity and Aesthetics; 72.1% of the respondents considered Humanity and Aesthetics to the rating of Green Building very important and important; 81.2% of the public extremely agreed and agreed with the idea that Humanity and Aesthetics should be included in Green Building. The findings of this research indicated that most of the public considered that there were only few Humanity and Aesthetics considerations in the current Green Buildings in Taiwan and agreed that it was important to include Humanity and Aesthetics in Green Buildings.

scholarly journals Promotion of Producer Contribution to Solve Packaging Waste Issues - Viewpoints of Waste Bank Members in the Bandung Area, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonius Priyo Nugroho Sulami ◽  
Takehiko Murayama ◽  
Shigeo Nishikizawa
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Reduction Activity ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract As regulations have developed, the waste management sector in Indonesia has increasingly expected producer involvement in waste reduction activity through the enactment of new regulations. In addition, recent development of the waste management sector now involves community-based approaches such as Waste Banks. This study aims to determine the relationship between extended producer responsibility implementation and the waste bank concept. A questionnaire survey was designed and applied to Waste Bank members of two Waste Banks in Bandung municipality, Indonesia. Several factors were identified that can be considered by producers to promote their contribution in dealing with the packaging waste issue, such as producer consideration and contribution, knowledge level, collection, and awareness of the importance of packaging waste issue. The result also shows that involving feedback from Waste Banks can provide some insights to expand and develop producer contribution in reducing the impact of packaging waste. Producers can improve collection and recyclability of their product packaging while increasing public knowledge on their activity at the post-consumer stage.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the pretreatment methods on mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of fruit, food and vegetable waste

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Chaurasia ◽  
Puneet Siwach ◽  
Prasenjit Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Vs Removal

Abstract ABSTRACT Pretreatment of the fruit, food and vegetable waste materials could enhance the biogas generation in a shorter time along with waste reduction. The aim of the present work was to assess the effectiveness of alkaline, hydrothermal, thermal and ultrasonication pretreatment of fruit, food, and vegetable waste with cow dung for the mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion. The mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of fruit food and vegetable waste as single substrate with cow dung were performed in a laboratory scale 1L batch digester for 30 days at 40 ± 2 oC temperature. Obtained result show that pretreatment process has enhanced the biogas and biomethane production by 35 % and 44.4 % with 19.89 % TS and 17.30 % VS removal in case of ultrasonication pretreatment (100.45 ml biogas/gVS and 27.92 ml CH4/gVS,), while slight increase is found with thermal and hydrothermal pretreatment as compared to untreated FFVW. The biogas production is enhanced by 35%, 20.4%, 5%, 6% and biomethane production are enhanced by 44.4%, 22%, 11%, 9.8% in the case of ultrasonication, alkaline, thermal and hydrothermal pretreatment process, respectively. The stable mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion operation was achieved and impacts of the different pretreatment methods on the biogas yield and net energy recovery along with viability of anaerobic co-digestion have been explored.

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