scholarly journals Field Study Of A Radiant Heating System For Sleep Thermal Comfort And Potential Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiant Temperature

As sleep is unconscious, the traditional definition of thermal comfort with conscious judgment does not apply. In this thesis sleep thermal comfort is defined as the thermal condition which enables sleep to most efficiently rejuvenate the body and mind. A comfort model was developed to stimulate the respective thermal environment required to achieve the desired body thermal conditions and a new infrared sphere method was developed to measure mean radiant temperature. Existing heating conditions according to building code conditions during sleeping hours was calculated to likely overheat a sleeping person and allowed energy saving potential by reducing nighttime heating set points. Experimenting with existing radiantly and forced air heated residential buildings, it was confirmed that thermal environment was too hot for comfortable sleep and that the infrared sphere method shows promise. With the site data, potential energy savings were calculated and around 10% of energy consumption reduction may be achieved during peak heating.

scholarly journals Field Study Of A Radiant Heating System For Sleep Thermal Comfort And Potential Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiant Temperature

As sleep is unconscious, the traditional definition of thermal comfort with conscious judgment does not apply. In this thesis sleep thermal comfort is defined as the thermal condition which enables sleep to most efficiently rejuvenate the body and mind. A comfort model was developed to stimulate the respective thermal environment required to achieve the desired body thermal conditions and a new infrared sphere method was developed to measure mean radiant temperature. Existing heating conditions according to building code conditions during sleeping hours was calculated to likely overheat a sleeping person and allowed energy saving potential by reducing nighttime heating set points. Experimenting with existing radiantly and forced air heated residential buildings, it was confirmed that thermal environment was too hot for comfortable sleep and that the infrared sphere method shows promise. With the site data, potential energy savings were calculated and around 10% of energy consumption reduction may be achieved during peak heating.

scholarly journals How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Youcef Bouzidi ◽  
Zoubayre El Akili ◽  
Antoine Gademer ◽  
Nacef Tazi ◽  
Adil Chahboun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.

Some evidence of a time-varying thermal perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2110345
Author(s):  
Marika Vellei ◽  
William O’Brien ◽  
Simon Martinez ◽  
Jérôme Le Dréau
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Human Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Comfort Criteria

Recent research suggests that a time-varying indoor thermal environment can lead to energy savings and contribute to boost buildings' energy flexibility. However, thermal comfort standardization has so far considered thermal comfort criteria as constant throughout the day. In general, very little attention has been given to the ‘ time of day' variable in the context of thermal comfort research. In this paper, we show some evidence of a time-varying thermal perception by using: (1) data from about 10,000 connected Canadian thermostats made available as part of the ‘ Donate Your Data' dataset and (2) about 22,000 samples of complete (objective + ‘ right-here-right-now' subjective) thermal comfort field data from the ASHRAE I and SCATs datasets. We observe that occupants prefer colder thermal conditions at 14:00 and progressively warmer ones in the rest of the day, indistinctively in the morning and evening. Neutral temperature differences between 08:00 and 14:00 and 14:00 and 20:00 are estimated to be of the order of 2°C. We hypothesize that the human circadian rhythm is the cause of this difference. Nevertheless, the results of this study are only based on observational data. Thermal comfort experiments in controlled environmental chambers are required to confirm these findings and to better elucidate the effects of light and circadian timing and their interaction on thermal perception.

The Optimum Energy Saving Measures for Retrofitting Residential Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
Rong-Yue Zheng ◽  
Jian Yao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Efficiency Measures ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Potential Energy Saving ◽  
Selection Of

A large number of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone of China are non-energy efficient with poor indoor thermal conditions. Retrofitting residential buildings with energy efficiency measures is thus important for residents. However, this work progressed slowly because practically applicable measures that not only have high energy savings but also improve indoor thermal performance have not been studied. Thus, this paper carried out a simulation study on the selection of suitable energy saving measures for residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter zone of China. Five potential energy saving options are considered and the energy, indoor thermal comfort and economic performance are compared. The results show that adding movable solar shades is the optimum option with all performance indices ranking first. Meanwhile, this measure is also the only acceptable energy saving solution for residents since its payback period is less than the lifespan of a building. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use movable solar shades as a first priority when retrofitting residential buildings.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH BENTUK SERAMBI MASJID TERHADAP KENYAMANAN TERMAL ADAPTIF

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Abdul Qodir ◽  
Erni Setyowati ◽  
Suryono Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Environment Variables ◽  
Average Condition ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Neutral Conditions

This study examines the effect of the porch on the adaptive thermal comfort of mosques by taking 2 mosques that have different porch shapes with the specific purpose of obtaining data on the neutrality, acceptability and preferences of the mosque respondents' thermal conditions in the framework of developing adaptive thermal comfort standards for Indonesia. Measurement of physical environment variables is done by taking data on temperature, humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature (MRT) at 2 mosques and at the same time the impression and thermal preference questionnaire data are taken, examination of clothing types and activities, and list of thermal environment controls to 40 respondents in each mosque. Data of thermal neutrality and thermal preferences were analyzed by regression analysis using SPSS 19 software, while thermal acceptance was analyzed based on the results of the questionnaire answers. The analysis showed that the neutrality value at Ulul Albab mosque was Tdb = 28.47 OC, ET * = 30.11 OC, SET * = 23.11 OC, TSENS = 1.17, DISC = -1.06, and PMV = -0.65, this data shows that the neutral condition desired by respondents is slightly below the average condition, while the neutrality in Nurul Ilmi mosque at Tdb = 30.27 OC, ET * = 31.65 OC, SET * = 29.05 OC, TSENS = 1.03, DISC = 1.68, and PMV = 1.22, this data also shows that the neutral conditions desired by respondents are slightly below average conditions. While the preference value at Ulul Albab mosque is Tdb = 22.25 OC, ET * = 28.62 OC, SET * = 24.24 OC, TSENS = 0.23, DISC = 0.23, and PMV = -0.60 and preference conditions at Nurul Ilmi mosque at Tdb = 29.11 OC, ET * = 31.17 OC, SET * = 28.50 OC, TSENS = 1.04, DISC = 1.45, and PMV = 1.03. As many as 92% of respondents in the Ulul Albab mosque can accept local thermal conditions in the temperature range of 27oC - 31oC. While 90% of respondents in the Nurul Ilmi mosque can accept local thermal conditions in the temperature range of 27oC-32oC. The results of the neutrality, acceptance and preference analysis show that the Ulul Albab mosque is better than the Nurul Ilmi mosque.

scholarly journals Occupant behavior and thermal comfort field analysis in typical educational research institution: A case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 785-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolina Pivac ◽  
Sandro Nizetic ◽  
Vlasta Zanki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Research Institution

An experimental field study has been conducted for typical educational research building facility (office building). The research data was gathered by the systematic monitoring of the offices and adaptive occupant behavior during the typical working day in the spring period. Different sensors and data loggers for temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, had been mounted in order to collect data for analysis of thermal comfort conditions. Moreover, occupant surveys and interviews in form of questionnaire were also brought to examine the psychological and social impacts of the occupants? behavior regarding energy consumption. The inductive scientific method is used for data processing, i. e. descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the results was made. Based on the analysis of the conducted study, it was found that thermal environment of the observed building is within the standards (i. e. specific parameters are within the range) and that the occupants are generally satisfied with thermal conditions in their offices. However, they do not pay much attention to conserving energy which is an important finding as it is directly related to the energy consumption. Thus, more attention should be directed to the education of the users and in general, to enable energy savings in the future.

scholarly journals Achieving wind comfort through window design in residential buildings in cold climates, a case study in Tabriz city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Tamaskani Esfahankalateh ◽  
Mohammad Farrokhzad ◽  
Ommid Saberi ◽  
Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Window Design

Abstract Air movement affects thermal comfort both by increasing evaporative loss through the skin and heat transfer between the body and surrounding environment through convection. Generally, in cold climates, it is best to avoid wind to better control the thermal environment. However, crafted passive airflow is essential for providing fresh air and natural ventilation at certain times of year. The use of a window of the right size and location in a cold climate is also indispensable. In this study, the wind speed was calculated for the height of a residential building in the city of Tabriz. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to calculate the inflow air speed for each window and the comfort conditions were compared. The findings determined the months where window openings can be used to enhance thermal comfort. The analysis shows how the direction and shape of the window play a major role in directing outdoor air flow indoors at the right time in the right quantity. East- and west-facing windows are most favorable and north- and south-facing windows can only be used in some months. This shows how building designers can quantify the effect of window design in each climate for the occupant’s comfort.

scholarly journals Studies of Subjective Sleep Thermal Comfort and Adaptive Behaviors in Chinese Residential Buildings in Nine Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 06049
Author(s):  
Weiping Hong ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Jingjing Pei ◽  
Dayi Lai
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Central Heating

Sleep thermal comfort greatly impacts the quality of sleep. For residents from different climate regions, their level of sleep thermal comfort may have a large difference due to the variations in climate, and other adaptive factors such as the changes in bedding system insulation, the use of air conditioners, and the opening of windows. To study the thermal comfort and adaptive behaviors of Chinese residents in different regions during sleeping period, this study conducted a long-term survey in nine cities in China from February 2018 to September 2018. For northern residents, they achieved a slight higher than neutral sleep thermal sensation in winter due to the use of central heating system. In summer, the sleep thermal sensation of severe cold (SC) region residents had a significant increase. In the south, although without central heating in winter, southern residents maintained a near neutral thermal sensation, partly because of the high bedding system insulation. Although the summer night outdoor air temperature was high in hot summer and cold winter (HSCW) and hot summer and warm winter (HSWW) regions, the occupants from the two regions actively used the air conditioners to help achieving sleep thermal comfort. The results of this study provide valuable information for designers, researchers, and policy makers to create a comfortable nighttime thermal environment in China.

Energy-Saving Renovation in Existing High-Rise Residential Building

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 526-530
Author(s):  
Min Fang Su ◽  
Hong Guo
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Original Design ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Heat System

Based on the structure feature and energy consumption situation of high-rise reinforced concrete residential buildings which built in end of last century, it discussed the main energy-saving renovation technologies and methods. Demonstrating high-rise reinforced concrete residential building of Taiyuan as a case, it analyzed its heat loss problems and defects of original design. Energy-saving renovation plan proposed and put reconstruction technologies of building envelope and heating system in practice. It discusses energy-saving renovation effects, energy efficiency. Indoor thermal environment improved significantly after energy-saving renovation on building envelope and heat system.

scholarly journals Energy Saving and Charging Discharging Characteristics of Multiple PCMs Subjected to Internal Air Flow

Fluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Ahmed J. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Air Heating ◽  
Room Model ◽  
Model Temperature

One essential utilization of phase change materials as energy storage materials is energy saving and temperature control in air conditioning and indirect solar air drying systems. This study presents an experimental investigation evaluating the characteristics and energy savings of multiple phase change materials subjected to internal flow in an air heating system during charging and discharging cycles. The experimental tests were conducted using a test rig consisting of two main parts, an air supply duct and a room model equipped with phase change materials (PCMs) placed in rectangular aluminum panels. Analysis of the results was based on three test cases: PCM1 (Paraffin wax) placed in the air duct was used alone in the first case; PCM2 (RT–42) placed in the room model was used alone in the second case; and in the third case, the two PCMs (PCM1 and PCM2) were used at the same time. The results revealed a significant improvement in the energy savings and room model temperature control for the air heating system incorporated with multiple PCMs compared with that of a single PCM. Complete melting during the charging cycle occurred at temperatures in the range of 57–60 °C for PCM1 and 38–43 °C for PCM2, respectively, thereby validating the reported PCMs’ melting–solidification results. Multiple PCMs maintained the room air temperature at the desired range of 35–45.2 °C in the air heating applications by minimizing the air temperature fluctuations. The augmentation in discharging time and improvement in the room model temperature using multiple PCMs were about 28.4% higher than those without the use of PCMs. The total energy saving using two PCMs was higher by about 29.5% and 46.7% compared with the use of PCM1 and PCM2, respectively. It can be concluded that multiple PCMs have revealed higher energy savings and thermal stability for the air heating system considered in the current study.

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