scholarly journals Digestive enzyme activity in the guts of Epilachna chrysomelina (fabricius) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) during post-embryonic development

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-87
Author(s):  
Olukemi Yetunde Akinkunmi ◽  
Olufemi Richard Pitan ◽  
Kehinde Olutoyin Ademolu ◽  
Adebola Adedoyin Osipitan
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Management Measures

The gut regions of Epilachna chrysomelina are endowed with multiple enzymes that aid digestion of host plant tissues. Digestive enzymes present in the gut regions of E. chrysomelina during various developmental stages were studied in the laboratory to determine the most destructive life stage of the beetle for proper management measures. Cellulase, α-glucosidase, amylase, lipase and proteinase activities were observed in the guts. The mid-gut recorded significantly higher (p<0.05) enzymes than other gut sections except amylase where higher activity was observed in the foregut. Lipase (38.24abs per min), α-glucosidase (25.65 abs per min) and proteinase (28.70abs per min) activities were significantly higher in the immature stages while cellulase (19.46abs per min) and amylase activities (16.62abs per min) were higher in the adult stage. The 4th instar larval and the adult stages recorded higher enzyme activities and thus can be regarded as the most destructive stages of development.

scholarly journals Composition of gastrointestinal content, protease and lipase activities in summer and winter of four freshwater siluriforms (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) with two different feeding habits

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Gottlieb Almeida ◽  
Everton Luis Zardo ◽  
Candida Toni ◽  
Everton Rodolfo Behr ◽  
Leila Picolli da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

The aim of this study was to determine the composition of gastrointestinal content and protease and lipase activities in summer and winter as well as to evaluate the relationship between digestive enzyme activity and centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content and feeding habits of two omnivorous species, Rhamdiaquelen (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1824) and Pimelodusmaculatus (LaCèpede, 1803), and of two detritivorous species, Loricariichthysanus (Valenciennes, 1835) and Hypostomuscommersoni (Valenciennes, 1836). The activities of pepsin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, and lipase, and the levels of proteins and lipids in the gastrointestinal tract, were evaluated. The enzyme activities were not related to the centesimal composition of gastrointestinal content or feeding habits. This finding could be associated with the variations of nutrient availability over time in the environment, as was observed in the centesimal composition of food ingested by the fish in summer and winter. The analyzed enzymes exhibited a constitutive character in these species; that is, the digestive enzymes are always available in the gastrointestinal tract to digest any food that the fish may find as an adaptation to better utilize the nutrients available in the environment in winter and summer.

scholarly journals Maturation trade-offs in octopus females and their progeny: energy, digestion and defence indicators

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Olivares ◽  
Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes ◽  
Maite Mascaró ◽  
Ariadna Sanchez Arteaga ◽  
Karen Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Functional Maturation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Sexual maturation and reproduction influence the status of a number of physiological processes and consequently the ecology and behaviour of cephalopods. Using Octopus mimus as a study model, the present work was focused in the changes in biochemical compound and activity that take place during gonadal maturation of females and its consequences in embryo and hatchlings characteristics. To do that, a total of 31 adult females of O. mimus were sampled to follow metabolites (ovaries and digestive gland) and digestive enzyme activities (alkaline and acidic proteases) during physiological and functional maturation. Levels of protein (Prot), triacylglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Chol), glucose (Glu), and glycogen (Gly) were evaluated. Groups of eggs coming from mature females were also sampled along development and after hatching (paralarvae of 1 and 3 days old) to track metabolites (Prot, TG, Glu, Gly, TG, Chol), digestive enzymes activity (Lipase, alkaline proteases, and acidic proteases), and antioxidant/detoxification defence indicators with embryos development. Based on the data obtained, we hypothesized that immature females store Chol in their ovaries, probably from the food they ingested, but switch to TG reserves at the beginning of the maturation processes. At the same time, results suggest that these processes were energetically supported by Glu, obtained probably from Gly breakdown by gluconeogenic pathways. Also, was observed that embryos metabolites and enzyme activities (digestive and antioxidant/detoxification enzymes) where maintained without significant changes and in a low activity during the whole organogenesis, meaning that organogenesis is relatively not energetically costly. In contrast, after organogenesis, a mobilization of nutrients and activation of the metabolic and digestive enzymes was observed, together with increments in consumption of yolk and Gly, and reduction in lipid peroxidation. Derived from our results, we also have the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced during the metabolic processes that occurs in ovarian maturation. Those ROS may be in part transferred to the egg provoking a ROS charge to the embryos. The elimination of ROS in embryos started when the activity of the heart and the absorption of the yolk around stages XIV and XV were evident. Altogether, these processes allowed the paralarvae to hatch with buffered levels of ROS and with the antioxidant defence mechanisms ready to support further ROS production derived from paralarvae higher life stage requirements (feeding and metabolic demands).

scholarly journals Jasmonate-independent regulation of digestive enzyme activity in the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3749-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Kocáb ◽  
Jana Jakšová ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
René Lenobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Carnivorous Plants ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Abstract Carnivorous plants within the order Caryophyllales use jasmonates, a class of phytohormone, in the regulation of digestive enzyme activities. We used the carnivorous butterwort Pinguicula × Tina from the order Lamiales to investigate whether jasmonate signaling is a universal and ubiquitous signaling pathway that exists outside the order Caryophyllales. We measured the electrical signals, enzyme activities, and phytohormone tissue levels in response to prey capture. Mass spectrometry was used to identify proteins in the digestive secretion. We identified eight enzymes in the digestive secretion, many of which were previously found in other genera of carnivorous plants. Among them, alpha-amylase is unique in carnivorous plants. Enzymatic activities increased in response to prey capture; however, the tissue content of jasmonic acid and its isoleucine conjugate remained rather low in contrast to the jasmonate response to wounding. Enzyme activities did not increase in response to the exogenous application of jasmonic acid or coronatine. Whereas similar digestive enzymes were co-opted from plant defense mechanisms among carnivorous plants, the mode of their regulation differs. The butterwort has not co-opted jasmonate signaling for the induction of enzyme activities in response to prey capture. Moreover, the presence of alpha-amylase in digestive fluid of P. × Tina, which has not been found in other genera of carnivorous plants, might indicate that non-defense-related genes have also been co-opted for carnivory.

Effect of dietary prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Syed Raffic Ali ◽  
K. Ambasankar ◽  
P. Ezhil Praveena ◽  
S. Nandakumar ◽  
S. Balachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Feeding Experiment ◽  
Lates Calcarifer ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Asian Seabass ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
G Ratio

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary prebiotic, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on histology, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles with an average initial body weight of 11.6±0.05 g. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% FOS were prepared and the feeding experiment was conducted for a period of 45 days. Analysis of biochemical parameters in the serum of post-fed animals revealed that glucose, urea, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, albumin globulin ratio (A/G ratio), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatment diets. Similarly, serum immunological parameters such as alternative complement pathway and nitroblue tetrazolium assay showed significantly (p<0.05) higher activities in groups fed with diets containing 0.75 and 1% FOS. Histological observation of post-fed experimental animals revealed that the absorptive surface area of the intestine and glycogen deposition in liver increased in fish fed with FOS supplemented diets. The digestive enzyme activities were significantly (p<0.05) elevated with increasing levels of dietary FOS. The results indicated that 1% FOS supplementation has a beneficial effect on the histology, digestive enzyme activities, biochemical and immunological parameters in seabass juveniles.

scholarly journals Digestive Enzymes in two Species of Marine Cinclodes (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)

The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-833
Author(s):  
Pablo Sabat ◽  
Sandra P. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Aminopeptidase N ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activity ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Sucrase Activity ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Prey Items

AbstractChanges in digestive enzyme activity along the intestine may be related to changes in substrate concentration in the intestine. We examined the distribution of digestive enzymes along the intestine in two species of carnivorous passerine birds from the genus Cinclodes. Both species lacked sucrase activity, suggesting that these species are unable to feed on sucrose-rich diets. Distribution of maltase and aminopeptidase-N activity differed from that found in other passerines, including omnivorous species, but resembled those found in herbivorous and frugivorous birds. We hypothesize that the type of prey items that Cinclodes consume may explain the pattern of maltase and aminopeptidase-N expression.Enzimas Digestivas en Dos Especies de Cinclodes Marinos (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)Resumen. Los cambios en los niveles de actividad enzimática digestiva a lo largo del intestino de aves pueden estar relacionados con cambios en la concentración de substratos en el intestino. En este estudio examinamos la distribución de enzimas digestivas a lo largo del intestino en dos especies de aves paseriformes del género Cinclodes. Ambas especies carecen de actividad de sacarasa lo que sugiere que estas especies son incapaces de consumir dietas ricas en sacarosa. La distribución de la actividad de maltasa y aminopeptidasa-N difiere de la documentada para otros paseriformes, incluyendo especies omnívoras, y es similar a la encontrada en aves herbívoras y frugívoras. Se sugiere que el tipo de presas consumidas por Cinclodes explicaría el patrón de expresión de maltasa y aminopeptidasa-N.

scholarly journals Digestive enzymes of the shrimp Penaeus japonicus - II. Effect of short-necked clam diets on shrimp growth and digestive enzyme activities.

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. MAUGLE ◽  
Osamu DESHIMARU ◽  
Teruhisa KATAYAMA ◽  
Kenneth L. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Penaeus Japonicus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Restriction During Midgestation to Late Gestation on Maternal and Fetal Postruminal Carbohydrase Activities in Sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J Trotta ◽  
Manuel A Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Kendall C Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract To examine the effects of nutrient restriction during midgestation to late gestation on maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities, 41 singleton ewes (48.3 ± 0.6 kg of BW) were randomly assigned to dietary treatments: 100% (control; CON; n = 20) or 60% of nutrient requirements (restricted; RES; n = 21) from day 50 until day 90 (midgestation). At day 90, 14 ewes (CON, n = 7; RES, n = 7) were euthanized. The remaining ewes were subjected to treatments of nutrient restriction or remained on a control diet from day 90 until day 130 (late gestation): CON-CON (n = 6), CON-RES (n = 7), RES-CON (n = 7), and RES-RES (n = 7) and were euthanized on day 130. The fetal and maternal pancreas and small intestines were weighed, subsampled, and assayed for digestive enzyme activity. One unit (U) of enzyme activity is equal to 1 µmol of product produced per minute for amylase, glucoamylase, lactase, and trypsin and 0.5 µmol of product produced per minute for maltase and isomaltase. Nutrient restriction during midgestation and late gestation decreased (P &lt; 0.05) maternal pancreatic and small intestinal mass but did not affect fetal pancreatic or small intestinal mass. Maternal nutrient restriction during late gestation decreased (P = 0.03) fetal pancreatic trypsin content (U/pancreas) and tended to decrease (P &lt; 0.08) fetal pancreatic trypsin concentration (U/g), specific activity (U/g protein), and content relative to BW (U/kg of BW). Nutrient restriction of gestating ewes decreased the total content of α-amylase (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease total content of trypsin (P = 0.06) and protein (P = 0.06) in the maternal pancreas on day 90. Nutrient restriction during midgestation on day 90 and during late gestation on day 130 decreased (P = 0.04) maternal pancreatic α-amylase-specific activity. Sucrase activity was undetected in the fetal and maternal small intestine. Nutrient restriction during late gestation increased (P = 0.01) maternal small intestinal maltase and lactase concentration and tended to increase (P = 0.06) isomaltase concentration. Realimentation during late gestation after nutrient restriction during midgestation increased lactase concentration (P = 0.04) and specific activity (P = 0.05) in the fetal small intestine. Fetal small intestinal maltase, isomaltase, and glucoamylase did not respond to maternal nutrient restriction. These data indicate that some maternal and fetal digestive enzyme activities may change in response to maternal nutrient restriction.

scholarly journals Changes in digestive enzyme activities during different developmental stages of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 182

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seval Bahadir Koca ◽  
Mehmet Naz ◽  
Esra Acar
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Astacus Leptodactylus ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The present study determined changes in protease, α-amylase and lipase activities during embryonic and post-embryonic developmental stages of the freshwater crayfish <em>Astacus leptodactylus</em> Eschscholtz, 1823. The embryonic stages studied comprised Phase III (blastula formation), Phase X (embryos with anlagen of masticatory) and Phase XIV (embryos with strongly developed posterior hepatopancreas lobes). The post-embryonic stages comprised Stage I (no feeding) and Stage II (prior to the onset of feeding). Protease and α-amylase activities were relatively high as compared with lipase activity. Protease activity values showed a steady increase from Phase III to Stage I. α-amylase and lipase activities were low in Phase XIV. The activities of these two enzymes tended to increase just before hatching and reached the highest levels in Stage II. Digestive enzyme activities increased in accordance with maturation of the hepatopancreas and prior to the onset of external feeding. Protease activity was high in the early stage of embryonic development and continued to increase in later stages. On the other hand, α-amylase and lipase activities were low until maturation of the hepatopancreas and then remained high. The results of the present study provide important information on changes in digestive enzyme levels during different developmental stages of <em>A. leptodactylus</em>.

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