scholarly journals Outcome Melatonin Supplementation on Insulin Resistance in a Sample of Iraqi Acromegalic Patients with Sleep Apnea

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-53
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homa Score

Sleep apnea, a common respiratory complication of acromegaly is accountable for 25% of deaths in acromegalic patients. It contributes to increasing cardiovascular diseases and raising mortality rate in acromegalic patients and still persists after control of acromegaly. Raised insulin resistance that was noticed in some acromegalic patients are believed to be caused by acromegaly itself, weight gain, octreotide therapy or the deleterious effect of sleep apnea itself. It was found that both acromegaly and sleep apnea share a disordered melatonin secretion. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have shown a promising role of melatonin as an antidiabetic agent. Nevertheless, no other study had examined the effect of melatonin supplementation on insulin resistance level in acromegalic patients receiving their standard treatment and experiencing some sleep difficulties. The study was designed to scrutinize the effect of melatonin supplementation on insulin resistance in controlled acromegalic patients who had been receiving their standard treatment. It was a prospective randomised controlled open labelled study included 27 Iraqi acromegalic patients. Their age ranged (29-57).The patients were receiving their usual octreotide monthly dose determined by the physician to control their disease and they had moderate to severe sleep apnea (Epworth sleepiness scale and STOP-BANG score were used to include them in the study ,they were enrolled if the summation of their ESS points ≥10 or of their STOP-BANG points ≥3).The patients were divided into two groups, group 1 included 15 patients taking their usual octreotide dose once monthly plus 5 mg of melatonin at night, group 2 included 12 patients taking their usual octreotide dose only. Blood samples were taken at fasting state at baseline and after 2 months to estimate serum growth hormone (GH), insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin and blood glucose. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA) result was calculated for each subject. At the end of the study period, melatonin treated group showed no significant change in GH, IGF-1, a highly significant decrease in glucose level (p<0.001), a highly significant decrease in insulin (p<0.001) and a highly significant decrease in HOMA score (p<0.001).Standard treatment group showed no significant difference in GH, IGF-1, insulin level and HOMA score at the end of the two months study period and a highly significant increase in glucose level. In conclusion, our study has confirmed the existing evidence of that melatonin supplementation improves glucose homeostasis and offers promising tool for future studies in acromegalic patients and larger trials.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation of Insulin Resistance among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Semiurban North Indian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Maitra ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Gupta ◽  
Rishika Raj
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Rotterdam Criteria

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age. Studies show that there is an intensive relationship between insulin and gonadal function. As per Rotterdam Criteria, there are four major phenotypes of PCOS with different presentation. Early detection of Insulin Resistance (IR) and consequential prevention of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) associated with PCOS may lead to better prospect for the disease. Aim: To find the pattern of IR in all the phenotypes of PCOS in relation to Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Testosterone and thereby, providing data for designing phenotype specific treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, fasting insulin and fasting glucose were analysed to calculate Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and Testosterone for total 144 female subjects of reproductive age group (18-40 years). Subjects were classified in to four groups as per Rotterdam Criteria. Complete PCOS (PCO-COM), PCO with Oligo/Anovulation (PCO-O), Anovulation with Hyperandrogenism (O-HA), and PCO with Hyperandrogenism (PCO-HA). Regression analysis was done to find the relation among the study variables. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the significant variance among the groups. Results: IR was found to be maximum among O-HA phenotype (2.4±0.37) and lowest among PCO-HA phenotypes (1.3±0.22). Regression analysis shows that there exist significant associations between IR and BMI (t=4.96, p=0.001) as well as between IR and WHR (t=2.97, p=0.003). No independent association between testosterone and IR was observed. Conclusion: Significant difference of IR, WHR, and BMI was observed among the four phenotypes of PCOS. Due to increased IR, O-HA and PCO-COM phenotypes are more predisposed to Cardiometabolic consequences of PCOS.

scholarly journals Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110496
Author(s):  
Gurhan Guney ◽  
Mine Islimye Taskin ◽  
Ozgur Baykan ◽  
Ertan Adali ◽  
Selin Gul Tezcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. Results: Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.

Homocysteine is the confounding factor of metabolic syndrome-confirmed by siMS score

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Srećković ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Emina Colak ◽  
Igor Mrdovic ◽  
Mirjana Sumarac-Dumanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity has a central role in developing insulin resistance (IR) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have higher values of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia correlates with IR, increasing the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to examine the correlation of homocysteine with siMS score and siMS risk score and with other MS co-founding factors. Methods: The study included 69 obese individuals (age over 30, body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2), classified into two groups: I-with MS (33 patients); II-without MS (36 patients). Measurements included: anthropometric parameters, lipids, glucose regulation parameters and inflammation parameters. IR was determined by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ATP III classification was applied for diagnosing MS. SiMS score was used as continuous measure of metabolic syndrome. Results: A significant difference between groups was found for C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.01) apolipoprotein (Apo) B, HOMA-IR and acidum uricum (p<0.05). siMS risk score showed a positive correlation with homocysteine (p=0.023), while siMS score correlated positively with fibrinogen (p=0.013), CRP and acidum uricum (p=0.000) and homocysteine (p=0.08). Homocysteine correlated positively with ApoB (p=0.036), HbA1c (p=0.047), HOMA-IR (p=0.008) and negatively with ApoE (p=0.042). Conclusions: Correlation of siMS score with homocysteine, fibrinogen, CRP and acidum uricum indicates that they are co-founding factors of MS. siMS risk score correlation with homocysteine indicates that hyperhomocysteinemia increases with age. Hyperhomocysteinemia is linked with genetic factors and family nutritional scheme, increasing the risk for atherosclerosis.

Distribution of HOMA-IR in a population-based cohort and proposal for reference intervals

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassel Matli ◽  
Andreas Schulz ◽  
Thomas Koeck ◽  
Tanja Falter ◽  
Johannes Lotz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) provides an estimate for IR from fasting glucose and insulin serum concentrations. The aim of this study was to obtain a reference interval for HOMA-IR for a specific insulin immunoassay. Methods The Gutenberg Health Study (GHS) is a population-based, prospective, single-center cohort study in Germany with 15,030 participants aged 35–74 years. Fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide were available in 10,340 participants. HOMA-IR was calculated in this group and three reference subgroups with increasingly more stringent inclusion criteria. Age- and sex-dependent distributions of HOMA-IR and reference intervals were obtained. In a substudy three insulin assays were compared and HOMA-IR estimated for each assay. Results Among the 10,340 participants analyzed there were 6,590 non-diabetic, 2,901 prediabetic, and 849 diabetic individuals. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) HOMA-IR was 1.54 (1.13/2.19), 2.00 (1.39/2.99), and 4.00 (2.52/6.51), respectively. The most stringently selected reference group consisted of 1,065 persons. Median (IQR) HOMA-IR was 1.09 (0.85/1.42) with no significant difference between men and women. The 97.5th percentile was 2.35. There was a non-significant trend towards higher values with older age. Comparison of three immunoassays for insulin showed an unsatisfactory correlation among the assays and systematic differences in calculated HOMA-IR. Conclusions We present HOMA-IR reference intervals for adults derived by more or less stringent selection criteria for the reference cohort. In addition we show that assay specific reference intervals for HOMA-IR are required.

scholarly journals Electroacupuncture and Rosiglitazone Combined Therapy as a Means of Treating Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Tsung Lin ◽  
Huei-Chin Pai ◽  
Yu-Chen Lee ◽  
Chung-Yuh Tzeng ◽  
Chin-Hsien Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Hypoglycemic Activity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Aims.To evaluate the efficacy of rosiglitazone (TZD) and electroacupuncture (EA) combined therapy as a treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients by randomized single-blind placebo controlled clinical trial.Methods.A total of 31 newly diagnostic T2DM patients, who fulfilled the study's eligibility criteria, were recruited. The individuals were randomly assigned into two groups, the control group (TZD,N=15) and the experimental group (TZD + EA,N=16). Changes in their plasma free fatty acid (FFA), glucose, and insulin levels, together with their homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) indices, were statistically compared before and after treatment. Hypoglycemic activity (%) was also compared between these two groups.Results.There was no significant difference in hypoglycemic activity between the TZD and TZD + EA group. The effectiveness of the combined therapy seems to derive from an improvement in insulin resistance and a significant lowering of the secreted insulin rather than the effect of TZD alone on T2DM. The combined treatment had no significant adverse effects. A lower plasma FFA concentration is likely to be the mechanism that causes this effect.Conclusion.This combined therapy seems to suppress endogenous insulin secretion by improving insulin resistance via a mechanism involving a reduction in plasma FFA. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01577095.

scholarly journals A Possible Role for Pioglitazone in the Management of Depressive Symptoms in Metabolic Syndrome Patients (EPICAMP Study): A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Roohafza ◽  
Pedram Shokouh ◽  
Masoumeh Sadeghi ◽  
Zahra Alikhassy ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Present Trial

The present trial aimed to evaluate the effects of pioglitazone on the mental status of nondiabetic metabolic syndrome patients. From 145 patients screened, 104 eligible volunteers (57% female; age 20–70 years) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either pioglitazone (uptitrated to 30 mg/day; P=53) or matching placebo (P=51) for 24 weeks. Depression and anxiety were quantified using the hospital anxiety and depression scale and stress level using the general health questionnaire 12 at baseline, week 12, and endpoint. Homeostasis model assessment was used to estimate insulin resistance. At week 24, pioglitazone was superior in mitigating depression score (P=0.011). In trend analysis, the effect of time (P<0.001) and group (P=0.023) as well as the time by group interaction (P=0.032) on the mean depression score was considerable. In contrast, significant decrements in anxiety and stress levels (P<0.001 and P=0.012, resp.) were comparable between two groups. With respect to our findings, alterations in depression severity were not correlated with changes in insulin resistance level (P=0.145). In conclusion, our findings suggest that pioglitazone might be able to improve mood in nondiabetic insulin resistant patients. (Registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; ACTRN12611000351910.)

scholarly journals Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance for Predicting the Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Curative Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Imai ◽  
Koji Takai ◽  
Tatsunori Hanai ◽  
Atsushi Suetsugu ◽  
Makoto Shiraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Curative Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hcc Recurrence

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of the disorder of glucose metabolism on the recurrence of HCC after curative treatment. Two hundred and eleven patients with HCC who received curative treatment in our hospital from 2006 to 2017 were enrolled in this study. Recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method, and the differences between the groups partitioned by the presence or absence of DM and the values of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting immunoreactive insulin (FIRI), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated using the log-rank test. There were no significant differences in the recurrence-free survival rate between the patients with and without DM (p = 0.144), higher and lower levels of HbA1c (≥6.5 and <6.5%, respectively; p = 0.509), FPG (≥126 and <126 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.143), and FIRI (≥10 and <10 μU/mL, respectively; p = 0.248). However, the higher HOMA-IR group (≥2.3) had HCC recurrence significantly earlier than the lower HOMA-IR group (<2.3, p = 0.013). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the higher and lower HOMA-IR groups without DM (p = 0.009), and there was no significant difference between those groups with DM (p = 0.759). A higher HOMA-IR level, particularly in non-diabetic patients, was a significant predictor for HCC recurrence after curative treatment.

scholarly journals Hyperthyroidism-Associated Insulin Resistance Is Not Mediated by Adiponectin Levels

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsun Chu ◽  
Hing-Chung Lam ◽  
Jenn-Kuen Lee ◽  
Chih-Chen Lu ◽  
Chun-Chin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antithyroid Treatment

To evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and insulin sensitivity in patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease, we studied 19 adult patients with this disease and 19 age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. All hyperthyroid patients were treated with antithyroid drugs and were re-evaluated after thyroid function normalized. Before antithyroid treatment, the adiponectin plasma concentrations were not different comparing with those in control group. The adiponectin levels remained unchanged after treatment. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in hyperthyroid group was higher before treatment than after treatment. There was no significant difference in serum glucose and insulin levels between hyperthyroid and control groups and in the hyperthyroid group before and after treatment. BMI-adjusted adiponectin levels were not different among three groups. On the other hand, BMI-adjusted insulin levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly decreased after management of hyperthyroidism. Pearson's correlation revealed that insulin and HOMA-IR values positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. However, adiponectin did not correlate with T3, FT4, insulin, HOMA-IR and thyrotropin receptor autoantibody (TRAb) levels. In conclusion, insulin resistance associated with hyperthyroidism is not mediated by the levels of plasma adiponectin.

scholarly journals THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SECRETION OF ADIPONECTIN AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH PARTICULAR INDICESOF METABOLISM IN MALES OF ABLE-BODIED AGE IN CASE OF OBESITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Olga V. Karataeva
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fasting Glycaemia ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Degree Of Severity

The sampling consisted of 79 examined males of able-bodied age. The arterial hypertension stage I and II was established in 58% of them; obesity of various degree of severity was diagnosed in 63% of them; metabolic syndrome according criteria ATP-III was noted in 46.8% of examined patients. The general clinical and anthropometric examination was carried out. The laboratory analyses included estimation of lipidogram, fasting glycaemia and also hormones adiponectin and insulin with following calculation of index of insulin resistance HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance). The study was organized to investigate effecting of obesity on secretion of adiponectin and its relationship with indices of lipidogram and level of insulin resistance. The comparative analysis of groups with and absence of obesity established no significant difference in level of adiponectin and indices of lipidogram. the significant differences were established in the levels of basal insulin hence in value of index NOMA-IR that points to hyperinsulinemia and expressed insulin resistance in patients with obesity. The patients were separated in two groups depending on presence of manifestations of metabolic syndrome: with metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically complicated obesity. The analysis established a significant decreasing of level of adiponectin in the group of metabolically complicated obesity accompanied by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased level of glycaemia. The study established no effect of degree of obesity on decreasing of level of adiponectin. The significant differences between levels of adiponectin in comparison between group without obesity and group of metabolically healthy obesity. The correlation analysis in group with obesity demonstrated back-coupling between level of adiponectin and content of total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and coefficient of atherogenicity. The comparison of groups according median of adiponectin established significant differences in rate of development of metabolic syndrome and value of coefficient of atherogenicity.

scholarly journals Investigation of vitamin D status and its correlation with insulin resistance in a Chinese population

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1602-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Han ◽  
Xiaojin Wang ◽  
Ningjian Wang ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjectiveAlthough many studies worldwide have focused on the relationship between vitamin D and insulin resistance, results remain controversial. Furthermore, concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the Chinese population are unclear. We aimed to investigate vitamin D status and its correlation with insulin resistance among a Chinese adult population.DesignSerum 25(OH)D, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycated Hb (HbA1c) and other metabolic parameters were assessed. Neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference, weight and height were also measured. Lifestyle factors including smoking and drinking status were obtained. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed by HbA1c according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria.SettingEastern China.SubjectsOf 7200 residents included, 6597 individuals were ultimately analysed.ResultsWe enrolled 2813 males (mean age 52·7 (sd 13·5) years) and 3784 females (52·3 (sd 13·5) years); mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 43·1 (sd 11·6) and 39·6 (sd 9·8) nmol/l, respectively. Additionally, 83·3 % of participants were 25(OH)D deficient. A significant difference in 25(OH)D was observed between males and females in winter and spring (P<0·001). Furthermore, 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the overweight and pre-diabetic populations. After adjusting for several variables, 25(OH)D was significantly associated with HOMA-IR in winter. When 25(OH)D values were categorized into quartiles, HOMA-IR was significantly associated with decreasing 25(OH)D.ConclusionsThe majority of the Chinese population was vitamin D deficient and this deficiency was negatively associated with insulin resistance, particularly in the overweight and pre-diabetic populations. Moreover, these associations might be more evident in the winter.

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