Methods to determine the dry matter content of roundwood deliveries

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKAEL HULTNÄS

In pulp production, the dry matter content of pulpwood affects debarking and pulping. For pulpwood to be traded due to its dry weight, a prerequisite is that the measurement of dry be done quickly and accurately. No current method fulfils these requirements, although there are different methods that have the potential to determine the dry matter content in wood. These techniques include radar, gamma rays, dichromatic photon absorptiometry, computed tomography, near infrared (NIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and radio frequency (RF). A literature review showed that several of the techniques can determine the dry matter content with an acceptable error. Several of the methods cannot handle frozen or semifrozen samples, which disqualifies them as an acceptable method. NIR, dichromatic photon absorptiometry, and RF techniques might have the potential to meet the requirements of fast measurement with high accuracy

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.


1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lovász ◽  
P. Merész ◽  
A. Salgó

The acceptability of near infrared (NIR) transmission spectroscopy for the prediction of six quality factors of apples (firmness, refractive index, pH, titratable acid, dry matter and alcohol insoluble solids content) was investigated. The effects of storage conditions, cultivars and season on the accuracy of the NIR transmission method were also studied during the experiment. The accuracy of the calibration of all investigated parameters decreased during storage. The alteration of the characteristics of the spectra is possibly due to changes in the chemical composition and structure of apples between September and April. The calibration method was improved by developing a separate calibration for each cultivar per year. The calibrations of the different parameters are season-dependent except for the dry matter content. Using outlier diagnostics, the prediction accuracy can be generally improved by about 10%. The coefficient of variation for each parameter is compatible with the relative standard deviation for the reference methods except for the titratable acid content, showing the applicability of NIR transmission techniques. A relationship seems to exist between the maturity and the NIR transmission spectra of the apple.


2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trygve Helgerud ◽  
Vegard H. Segtnan ◽  
Jens P. Wold ◽  
Simon Ballance ◽  
Svein H. Knutsen ◽  
...  

<p>The dry matter is one of the main quality parameters of raw and processed potatoes. In the present study, the potential of utilizing high throughput commercially available NIR interactance systems for dry matter determination in whole unpeeled potato tubers is investigated. The performance of a 2D NIR interactance instrument was compared with that of a 1D NIR interactance instrument and a traditional underwater weight apparatus. A total of 114 tubers were assessed individually with both of the NIR instruments (760-1040 nm), the underwater weight and an external reference method (freeze drying). The 1D interactance instrument obtained better prediction results than what the 2D instrument could achieve (R<sup>2</sup>=0.95, RMSECV=0.91, and R<sup>2</sup>=0.83, RMSECV=1.65, respectively). The underwater weight obtained the highest explained variance (R<sup>2</sup>=0.97), but the estimation was biased by approximately 1.5% (by weight). The poorer prediction performance of the 2D NIR interactance system can be partly explained by the lower penetration depths of the light compared to the 1D NIR interactance systems.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. e13644 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paixão dos Santos Neto ◽  
Gustavo Walace Pacheco Leite ◽  
Gabriele da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Luís Carlos Cunha Júnior ◽  
Priscila Lupino Gratão ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0188918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu N. Ikeogu ◽  
Fabrice Davrieux ◽  
Dominique Dufour ◽  
Hernan Ceballos ◽  
Chiedozie N. Egesi ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Filza Ghafoor ◽  
Sana Liaqat ◽  
Waseem Iqbal

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Akpan A U ◽  
Orji K O ◽  
Uhala S C

A research on growth and yield components of some turmeric varieties (Curcuma longa L.) as affected by inorganic fertilizer levels in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria was carried out at the teaching and research farm of the University, during 2018/2019 cropping seasons. It was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. Results, showed that plant height and number of tillers for both varieties and fertilizers levels increased at 2, 4, and 6 months after planting (MAP) during 2018 and 2019 cropping seasons. Variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) Kg-1 produced tallest plants and highest number of tillers over other varieties and fertilizer levels. Crop growth rate was positive at 2 – 4 MAP and negative at 4 – 6 MAP, with 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 producing higher growth rate. Heaviest rhizomes fresh weight (kg plot-1) of 3.74 and 3.75, rhizome dry matter content of 14.49 and 16.8%, rhizome dry weight of 23.57 and 23.90g and harvest index of 2.60 and 2.70% was yielded by UMT 021 variety over other varieties. The level of 400 NPK (15:15:15) kg ha-1 produced heaviest rhizome fresh weight of 4.47 and 4.57 kg plot-1; rhizome dry matter content of 19.42 and 25.8%; rhizome dry weight of 27.54 and 27.8g and harvest index of 2.81 and 3.20%, over other levels. Consequently, variety 021 and 400 NPK (15:15:15) kgha-1 are recommended for sole production of turmeric in Umudike, South Eastern Nigeria.


Author(s):  
J.M. De Ruiter ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
M. Robson

Abstract Timing of harvest is the single most important factor affecting the yield and quality of whole-crop cereals used for conserved feed. Changes in dry matter content (%DM) and relationships to herbage quality and maturation are presented for experiments conducted over three seasons beginning in 2001/ 2002. Changes in crop characteristics such as ear moisture, ear fresh weight, ear dry weight and leaf fraction were monitored to determine whether growers could use crop-based measurements in place of whole-crop % DM content to assist withdecision making close to harvest. A preliminary model defined the rate of crop maturation for a range of currently grown cultivars. Linear patterns of dry down occurred with only small variation in drying rate for the duration of grain filling. A model with specific inputs for cultivar, date of awn tip appearance (GS49), and developmental response to thermal time formed the basis of a decision support tool that enables growers and contractors to predict optimum harvest timing for whole-crop cereals. Keywords: silage maturity, supplements, forage, herbage quality


2006 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Montes ◽  
H. F. Utz ◽  
W. Schipprack ◽  
B. Kusterer ◽  
J. Muminovic ◽  
...  

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