From biorefineries to bioproducts: conversion of pretreated pulp from biorefining streams to lignocellulose nanofibers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
CHENGGUI SUN ◽  
RICHARD CHANDRA ◽  
YAMAN BOLUK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lignocellulose Nanofibers

This study investigates the use of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis side streams and conversion to lignocellulose nanofibers. We used a steam-exploded and partial enzymatic hydrolyzed hardwood pulp and an organosolv pretreated softwood pulp to prepare lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) via microfluidization. The energies applied on fibrillation were estimated to examine the energy consumption levels of LCNF production. The energy consumptions of the fibrillation processes of the hardwood LCNF production and the softwood LCNF production were about 7040-14080 kWh/ton and 4640 kWh/ton on a dry material basis, respectively. The morphology and dimension of developed hardwood and softwood LCNFs and the stability and rheological behavior of their suspensions were investigated and are discussed.

Production of grape pekmez by Ohmic heating-assisted vacuum evaporation

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322199161
Author(s):  
Merve Tuçe Tunç ◽  
Arda Akdoğan ◽  
Cemalettin Baltacı ◽  
Zeliha Kaya ◽  
Halil İbrahim Odabaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Process ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Voltage Gradients

Pekmez is a concentrated syrup-like food conventionally produced by vacuum evaporation process from sugar-rich fruits. In this study, the applicability of grape pekmez production by ohmic heating assisted vacuum evaporation (ΩVE) method was investigated. Conventional vacuum evaporation (CVE) and ΩVE methods were compared in terms of physicochemical properties, HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) contents, rheological properties, and energy consumptions. ΩVE was run at four different voltage gradients (17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 V/cm). Total process times for grape pekmez production were determined as 57, 28.5, 32, 39, and 50 minutes for CVE, ΩVE (25 V/cm), ΩVE (22.5 V/cm), ΩVE (20 V/cm) and ΩVE (17.5 V/cm), respectively. Energy consumption of CVE method was higher than ΩVE method for all voltage gradients. Energy efficiency increased as the voltage gradient increased. There was no significant difference between CVE and ΩVE methods for HMF contents. The results show that the ΩVE method could be an alternative to the CVE process for grape pekmez production.

scholarly journals Effect of Roof Cooling and Air Curtain Gates on Thermal and Wind Conditions in Stadiums for Hot Climates

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3941
Author(s):  
Fangliang Zhong ◽  
Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry ◽  
John Kaiser Calautit
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Air Curtain ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
The Spectator

To host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, Qatar is facing the greatest challenge in balancing the energy consumptions for cooling the stadiums and the thermal comfort for both players and spectators. Previous studies have not considered using a combined configuration of air curtain and roof cooling supply slot in stadiums to prevent the infiltration of outside hot air and reduce the cooling system’s energy consumption. This paper presents a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study of thermal and wind modeling around a baseline stadium and simulates the cooling scenarios of air curtains and roof cooling along with the energy consumption estimations for the World Cup matches using Building Energy Simulation (BES). Sensitivity analysis of different supply speeds and supply temperatures of air curtain gates and roof cooling was carried out, and the results showed that scenario six, which provides supply air of 25 m/s and 20 m/s at the roof and air curtain gates with a supply temperature of 10 °C, demonstrates optimal thermal performances on both the spectator tiers and the pitch. Compared with the baseline stadium performance, the average reductions in temperature on the pitch and spectator tiers under scenario six could reach 15 °C and 14.6 °C. The reductions in the Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied values for the upper and lower tiers as well as the pitch were 63%, 74%, and 78%. In terms of the estimated energy consumptions, scenario six would consume electric energy per match at a rate of 25.5 MWh compared with 22.8 MWh for one of the stadiums in the 2010 South Africa World Cup and 42.0 MWh for the 2006 Germany World Cup. Future research is recommended to explore the influence of supply angle on air curtain gates and roof cooling supply slots’ performances.

Stability of aerobic granular sludge under low energy consumption: Optimization of granular size distribution by a novel internal component

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runjuan Cao ◽  
Yatong Ji ◽  
Taixing Han ◽  
Jingsong Deng ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Internal Component ◽  
The Stability

To enhance the stability and pollutant removal performance of an aerobic granular sludge (AGS), four groups of AGS reactors with different pore sizes of mesh screen (R1 is control reactor,...

scholarly journals Pretreatment of microalgal biomass to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates by ultrasonication: Yield vs energy consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 606-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo de Farias Silva ◽  
Davide Meneghello ◽  
Ana Karla de Souza Abud ◽  
Alberto Bertucco
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

scholarly journals Assessment of vehicle brake control functional stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Volkov ◽  
◽  
Igor Gritsuk ◽  
Tetiana Volkova ◽  
Volodymyr Kuzhel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Braking Control ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Friction Surfaces

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the brake control elements of passenger vehicles on the stability of their braking properties. The analysis of the influence of uneven braking forces on the wheels of one axle of vehicles on the deviation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles from its calculated value is carried out. When assessing the error in regulating the distribution of braking forces between the axles of vehicles, three components were taken into account: the theoretical error due to the imperfection of the selected control method (the difference between the actual calculated control characteristic from the ideal), the error created due to the instability of the ratio of the braking forces on the front and rear wheels, an additional error caused by the unevenness of the braking forces on the wheels of individual axles, since the fulfillment of the most stringent requirements of international and national standards for the efficiency of braking of vehicles and is inextricably linked with the need to increase the energy consumption of brake mechanisms. The energy consumption of braking mechanisms is understood as the ability of the latter to dissipate the greatest amount of energy of the braking machine without reducing the braking efficiency indicators to the minimum permissible level. Excessive heating of the braking mechanisms leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient μ of the friction surfaces and increased wear of the friction linings, and the brakes are the most unstable element of the braking control, which ensures the absorption and dissipation of the vehicle's energy during braking. The instability of the braking torques on the front and rear wheels, caused by a change in the coefficients of friction of friction pairs, leads not only to a change in the distribution of braking forces between the axles and individual wheels, but also to a decrease in the braking efficiency of vehicles under operating conditions. A method is proposed that makes it possible to assess the quality of regulation of the distribution of braking forces between the axles of a car, taking into account the instability of the braking forces on the wheels.

scholarly journals Mobile Application for Electric Power Monitoring on Energy Consumptions at a Campus University

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Murizah Kassim ◽  
Maisarah Abdul Rahman ◽  
Cik Ku Haroswati Che Ku Yahya ◽  
Azlina Idris
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Energy Consumptions

This paper presents a research on electric power monitoring prototype mobile applications development on energy consumptions in a university campus. Electric power energy consumptions always are the issue of monitoring usage especially in a broad environment. University campus faces high used of electric power, thus crucial analysis on cause of the usage is needed. This research aims to analyses electric power usage in a university campus where implemented of few smart meters is installed to monitor five main buildings in a campus university. A Monitoring system is established in collecting electric power usage from the smart meters. Data from the smart meter then is analyzed based on energy consume on 5 buildings. Results presents graph on the power energy consume and presented on mobile applications using Live Code coding. The methodology involved the setup of the smart meters, monitoring and data collected from main smart meters, analyzed electrical consumptions for 5 buildings and mobile system development to monitor. A Live Code mobile app is designed then data collected from smart meter using ION software is published in graphs. Results presents the energy consumed for 5 building during day and night. Details on maximum and minimum energy consumption presented that show load of energy used in the campus. Result present Tower 1 saved most eenergy at night which is 65% compared to block 3 which is 8% saved energy although block 3 presents the lowest energy consumption in the working hours and non-working hours. This project is significant that can help campus facility to monitor electric power used thus able to control possible results in future implementations.

Monitoring, Predicting, and Optimizing Energy Consumptions

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-47
Author(s):  
Pedro J. S. Cardoso ◽  
Jânio Monteiro ◽  
Cristiano Cabrita ◽  
Jorge Semião ◽  
Dario Medina Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Smart System ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Energy Consumptions

Energy consumption and, consequently, the associated costs (e.g., environmental and monetary) concern most individuals, companies, and institutions. Platforms for the monitoring, predicting, and optimizing energy consumption are an important asset that can contribute to the awareness about the ongoing usage levels, but also to an effective reduction of these levels. A solution is to leave the decisions to smart system, supported for instance in machine learning and optimization algorithms. This chapter involves those aspects and the related fields with emphasis in the prediction of energy consumption to optimize its usage policies.

A Rough Estimation of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission in Tourism of GanSu Province Based on Low-Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 435-440
Author(s):  
Bei Bei Jiao ◽  
Pei Ji Shi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Carbon Economy

Low-carbon tourism is proposed as a new pattern to develop the global low-carbon economy, which goes with the tide in the global climate of change. Because tourism industry has a so close association with another industries that almost every link of tourism activities could be related to energy consumption and CO2 emission. So, energy conservation and emission reduction constitute an important part of developing low-carbon tourism. This article selects GanSu Province, the weak ecological environment, as the research object. In accordance with the documents research and mathematical statistics , and the "bottom-up" study method., we made an research on energy consumption and the CO2 emission of GanSu province from the tourism travel , tourism accommodation, and tourism activities, respectively. From the result, GanSu's tourism with low-carbon and energy-saving characteristics, accounting for 0.45% energy consumptions and 0.86% CO2 emission in that of the GanSu's tourism. It shows that tourism fits in with the requirements of low-carbon tourism development. However, one of the most important factor in the tourism energy consumption and the CO2 emission is the tourism transportation, accounting for 68.83% energy consumptions and 65.96% CO2 emission in that of tourism respectively, which should be focus on as the key link in low-carbon tourism development.

THE EFFECTS OF DRESS SHOES ON STABILITY DURING QUIET STANDING AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION WHILE WALKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250029
Author(s):  
SAED MOHSEN MIRBOD ◽  
MOHAMMAD TAGHI KARIMI ◽  
A. ESHRAGHI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
The Stability

Footwear is an extremely important clothing item worn by all individuals. Currently, there is insufficient research regarding the influence of dress shoes on standing stability and energy consumption while walking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of dress shoes on the performance of normal subjects based on stability and energy consumption analysis. Fifteen normal subjects were recruited in this research study to stand and walk with and without shoes. The stability of the subjects in quiet standing was measured by the use of a force plate based on center of pressure (COP) sway. The energy consumption was evaluated by a heart rate monitoring system (Polar Electro) based on the physiological cost index (PCI). The mean values of PCI while walking with and without shoes were 0.29 ± 0.117 and 0.265 ± 0.112 beats/m, respectively (p-value > 0.05). The amplitudes of COP sways in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions were 10.4 ± 3.5 and 25 ± 6.92 mm while standing with shoes and 9.3 ± 2.84 and 22.5 ± 5.25 mm in barefoot standing, respectively (p-value > 0.05). It can be concluded that wearing dress shoes does not influence the performance of subjects while standing or walking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document