Production of grape pekmez by Ohmic heating-assisted vacuum evaporation

2021 ◽  
pp. 108201322199161
Author(s):  
Merve Tuçe Tunç ◽  
Arda Akdoğan ◽  
Cemalettin Baltacı ◽  
Zeliha Kaya ◽  
Halil İbrahim Odabaş
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Vacuum Evaporation ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Evaporation Process ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Process ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Voltage Gradients

Pekmez is a concentrated syrup-like food conventionally produced by vacuum evaporation process from sugar-rich fruits. In this study, the applicability of grape pekmez production by ohmic heating assisted vacuum evaporation (ΩVE) method was investigated. Conventional vacuum evaporation (CVE) and ΩVE methods were compared in terms of physicochemical properties, HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) contents, rheological properties, and energy consumptions. ΩVE was run at four different voltage gradients (17.5, 20, 22.5, and 25 V/cm). Total process times for grape pekmez production were determined as 57, 28.5, 32, 39, and 50 minutes for CVE, ΩVE (25 V/cm), ΩVE (22.5 V/cm), ΩVE (20 V/cm) and ΩVE (17.5 V/cm), respectively. Energy consumption of CVE method was higher than ΩVE method for all voltage gradients. Energy efficiency increased as the voltage gradient increased. There was no significant difference between CVE and ΩVE methods for HMF contents. The results show that the ΩVE method could be an alternative to the CVE process for grape pekmez production.

scholarly journals Two-level clustering methodology for smart metering data

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Arco García ◽  
Gladys María Casas Cardoso ◽  
Ann Nowé
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
General Business ◽  
Global And Local

Energy efficiency and sustainability are important factors to address in the context of smart cities. In this sense, a necessary functionality is to reveal various preferences, behaviors, and characteristics of individual consumers, considering the energy consumption information from smart meters. In this paper, we introduce a general methodology and a specific two-level clustering approach that can be used to group, considering global and local features, energy consumptions and productions of households. Thus, characteristic load and production profiles can be determined for each consumer and prosumer, respectively. The obtained results will be generally applicable and will be useful in a general business analytics context.

Effect of Ohmic Heating on Polyphenol Oxidase Activity, Electrical and Physicochemical Properties of Fresh Tender Coconut Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Aniesrani Delfiya ◽  
K. Thangavel
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Tender Coconut Water ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Tender Coconut ◽  
Voltage Gradients

Abstract Effect of ohmic heating on polyphenoloxidase (PPO) enzyme activity and the possible influence on the heating rate,electrical conductivity and physicochemical properties of tender coconut water was investigated in this study. Fresh tender coconut water was ohmically heated at voltage gradients of 15 and 20 V/cm, heating temperatures of 80, 90 and 100 °C and holding times of 0, 1.5 and 3 min. No significant changes were observed in pH, titrable acidity and color values of tender coconut water after ohmic heating. Increasing the voltage gradient from 15 to 20 V/cm and holding time from 0 to 3 min decreased the PPO activity significantly (p≤0.01) in tender coconut water. Tender coconut water heated at 80 °C at 20 V/cm for the holding time of 3 min showed the minimum residual PPO activity of 30.55±0.92 % and pink discoloration was retarded up to 7 days when stored at room temperature.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency Initiatives for A Hospital Building in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Mohamad Saiful Islam Aziz ◽  
Hasbullah Harun ◽  
Ahmad Shahril Izham Ramli ◽  
Azlin Mohd Azmi ◽  
Nofri Yenita Dahlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Engineering System ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Energy Audit ◽  
Hospital Building ◽  
Energy Consumptions

In the past decades, research about energy consumption reduction has become a trend due to concern of energy wastage that leads to the negative impact on the environment. Commercial sector produces higher energy consumption compared to other sectors in Malaysia and hospital building is one of the highest energy consumptions in the commercial sector. Continuous operation time and complexity of engineering system are some of the reasons for high energy consumptions in hospital buildings that leads to high energy costs. This study examines the electricity load apportioning for a hospital building in Selangor, Malaysia through a detailed energy audit. From the energy audit, several Energy Efficiency Initiatives (EEI) were identified in reducing the energy usage in hospital: room temperature control, efficient lighting system, efficient unit for Air-Conditioning Split Unit (ACSU) and Variable Speed Drive (VSD) installation. The EEIs is expected to produce a total electricity saving of 1,250,692 kWh/year, equivalent to a cost saving of RM 421, 706/year and total emission reduction of 869 tonnes CO2 per year.

scholarly journals Railway Vehicle Energy Efficiency as a Key Factor in Creating Sustainable Transportation Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5211
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ćwil ◽  
Witold Bartnik ◽  
Sebastian Jarzębowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Significant Difference

Railway transit forms the backbone of sustainable transportation systems, which are necessary to limit the effects of global warming. In this paper, the authors seek to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in energy consumption between distinct railway vehicle types. Firstly, the energy consumption measurement methods in the railway transportation sector are described and compared to each other in respect to precision and cost. Secondly, the use of energy consumption as a criterion in rolling stock tenders with the associated norm is analysed, particularly with regard to the life-cycle cost of railway vehicles. In the next part real life data on energy consumption of six distinct passenger electrical railway vehicle types is presented and analysed in order to compare the efficiency of different types of rolling stock. The differences in energy efficiency between rolling stock types may be used to improve the procurement process ensuring train operating companies obtain less energy-consuming vehicles.

Influence of sucrose concentration on electric conductivity of banana pulp during ohmic heating

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 664-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Poojitha ◽  
KA Athmaselvi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Voltage Gradients

Ohmic heating is a substitutive rapid heating method for food products. In this study, banana pulp with different concentrations of sugar is ohmically heated and the influence of sucrose concentration on electrical conductivity was investigated. The electrical conductivity, pH, total soluble solids, acidity, ascorbic acid content before and after ohmic heat treatment were also analysed. As the sucrose concentration increased, heating time at various voltage gradients 13.33, 20 and 26.66 V/cm increased, and the electrical conductivity decreased. As the voltage gradient increased, the pH and TSS of treated pulp with different sugar concentration increased followed by decrease in colour and acidity.

scholarly journals Energy-Saving Technology Opportunities and Investments of the Italian Foundry Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8470
Author(s):  
Leonardo Leoni ◽  
Alessandra Cantini ◽  
Filippo De Carlo ◽  
Marcello Salvio ◽  
Chiara Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Foundry Industry ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Energy Saving Technology ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Energy Audits

The foundry industry is regarded as one of the most energy-intensive industrial sector due to its energy consumption up to 9 MWh/ton of produced metal. As a result, many companies are trying to increase the energy efficiency of their foundry plants. Since many energy-saving technologies are proposed by manufacturers and the literature, choosing the most appropriate one is a difficult task. Moreover, being updated with the available energy-saving solutions is complicated because of the quick technology advances. Consequently, this paper aims at investigating the recent and future opportunities and investments for reducing the energy consumptions of the technologies of Italian foundry companies. Additionally, it aims at presenting a list of available technological solutions validated by Italian experts. To this end, the Energy Audits developed by 231 plants were analyzed to extract the implemented and planned interventions. Furthermore, the economic data available within the Energy Audits were studied to determine the advantages of a given technological solutions compared to the others. It emerged that the companies are strongly investing in increasing the efficiency of the auxiliary systems such as compressors and motors. The outcomes of this study can assist both researchers and energy managers in choosing the most appropriate energy-saving solutions.

scholarly journals Time - Temperature Combination of Ohmic Heating System for Parboiling of Paddy

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Aaradhana Patel ◽  
Mohan Singh ◽  
A. K. Rai ◽  
M. A. Khan ◽  
S. K. Garg
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Voltage Gradient ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Head Rice Yield ◽  
Voltage Gradients

The technique for parboiling of paddy through ohmic heating was one of the best and fastest technique, which takes minimum time for complete a process due to high voltage of electric current. The aim of this study was to define the time & temperature combination of ohmic heating system for parboiling of paddy. The parboiling of paddy was a hydrothermal treatment, given prior to milling process of paddy and the methodology, applied for parboiling of paddy through ohmic heating setup was carried out in three steps, i.e. soaking, steaming and drying of parboiled paddy. The result was found after study, the temperature and time profiles of parboiled paddy through ohmic heating at different voltage gradients i.e., 15.71, 16.07, 16.43, 16.79 and 17.14 V/cm up to temperature of 96°C for paddy and water mixture of 1:3, (500g paddy and 1500ml of water). The best result was found on 17.4 V/cm (voltage gradient) at 96°C temperature for 136 min and after milling of parboiled paddy the recovery of head rice yield was found 85.63 percent. So it was the most advantageous aspect for parboiling of paddy through ohmic heating for increase the head rice yield and reduce the breakage percentage of rice kernel.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network with MIMO Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4896-4898
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
And Performance

A performance analysis of the energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Network with different types of MIMO techniques is carried out in this paper. MIMO concept is integrated with WSN and performance of such network is analyzed and experimented in this paper with respect to different energy consumptions viz., transmit energy consumption and total energy consumption. It is concluded that WSN with BPSKMIMO outperforms WSN with SISO. The results published in this paper show that the integration WSN with BPSK-MIMO can achieve better performance metrics

From biorefineries to bioproducts: conversion of pretreated pulp from biorefining streams to lignocellulose nanofibers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-241
Author(s):  
CHENGGUI SUN ◽  
RICHARD CHANDRA ◽  
YAMAN BOLUK
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Rheological Behavior ◽  
Material Basis ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Energy Consumptions ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lignocellulose Nanofibers

This study investigates the use of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis side streams and conversion to lignocellulose nanofibers. We used a steam-exploded and partial enzymatic hydrolyzed hardwood pulp and an organosolv pretreated softwood pulp to prepare lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) via microfluidization. The energies applied on fibrillation were estimated to examine the energy consumption levels of LCNF production. The energy consumptions of the fibrillation processes of the hardwood LCNF production and the softwood LCNF production were about 7040-14080 kWh/ton and 4640 kWh/ton on a dry material basis, respectively. The morphology and dimension of developed hardwood and softwood LCNFs and the stability and rheological behavior of their suspensions were investigated and are discussed.

Improving Energy Efficiency in Internet of Things using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sivaram ◽  
V. Porkodi ◽  
Amin Salih Mohammed ◽  
S. Anbu Karuppusamy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Artificial Bee Colony ◽  
Trust Model ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Iot Devices

Background: With the advent of IoT, the deployment of batteries with a limited lifetime in remote areas is a major concern. In certain conditions, the network lifetime gets restricted due to limited battery constraints. Subsequently, the collaborative approaches for key facilities help to reduce the constraint demands of the current security protocols. Aim: This work covers and combines a wide range of concepts linked by IoT based on security and energy efficiency. Specifically, this study examines the WSN energy efficiency problem in IoT and security for the management of threats in IoT through collaborative approaches and finally outlines the future. The concept of energy-efficient key protocols which clearly cover heterogeneous IoT communications among peers with different resources has been developed. Because of the low capacity of sensor nodes, energy efficiency in WSNs has been an important concern. Methods: Hence, in this paper, we present an algorithm for Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) which reviews security and energy consumption to discuss their constraints in the IoT scenarios. Results: The results of a detailed experimental assessment are analyzed in terms of communication cost, energy consumption and security, which prove the relevance of a proposed ABC approach and a key establishment. Conclusion: The validation of DTLS-ABC consists of designing an inter-node cooperation trust model for the creation of a trusted community of elements that are mutually supportive. Initial attempts to design the key methods for management are appropriate individual IoT devices. This gives the system designers, an option that considers the question of scalability.

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