scholarly journals History and Evolution of the Environmental Management System in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-310
Author(s):  
Valdir Fernandes ◽  
Cleverson Vitorio Andreoli ◽  
Gilda Collet Bruna ◽  
Arlindo Philippi Jr
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Political Movement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stockholm Conference ◽  
Direct Reflection

The idea of sustainable development emerges first as a socio-political movement, from a series of questions and concerns that have arisen at the international level, related to the contamination of natural environments and human beings, a result of industrial activities. From these concerns, a series of events and movements caused significant changes in international and national policies, leading to the construction of a significant legal framework and institutional apparatus, never seen in any other theme. The establishment of environmental management systems in most countries was a direct reflection of an international agenda launched during the Stockholm Conference, in 1972, which was continued with several other conferences and protocols, such as Rio-92, Rio+20, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, among others, that have consolidated an international environmental agenda over the past 50 years. In Brazil, this process generated direct reflexes with the construction of a significant legal framework and institutional apparatus. In this article, we describe this process, an important part of both the world’s and the Brazilian environmental history until 2014.

Generalize Key Requirements for Designing IT-Based System for Green with Considering Stakeholder Needs

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Tso Chen
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
System Development ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
Strategy Management ◽  
Value Engineering ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Ecosystems ◽  
Sketch Plan ◽  
Stakeholder Needs

Forward-thinking governments and companies are attaching great importance to sustainable development for protecting natural environments and advancing human ecosystems. For this purpose, information technology (IT) based system with applying environmental management theories has become an emerging means of promoting smarter services for Green. However, how to strategically generalize key requirements for designing such IT-based environmental services is crucial but merely discussed. To systematically analyze essential needs of planning services, a Define-Analyze-Sketch-Plan (DASP) framework referring to various concepts including strategy management, technology foresight, contemporary environmental management system models, value engineering, and signpost-based decision making is introduced in this paper. Through performing the DASP, V&T Network, and N&F Matrix are delivered to sketch initiatives for system development and strategic signposts for risk management. In practice, the proposed process-oriented DASP can not only benefit system design for IT-based Green services but also indicate a valuable research direction towards Environmental Management and Engineering.

“Man in the Anthropocene”: Max Frisch's Environmental History

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Malkmus
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Place And Identity ◽  
Past Half

The aesthetic practices in Max Frisch's late story Der Mensch erscheint im Holozän (Man in the Holocene [1979]) lend themselves to a reflection on the current global environmental crisis and its anthropological and epistemological repercussions. Frisch's visual and narrative artwork anticipates central issues in the current Anthropocene debate, in which the humanities have made incisive interventions. I bring these interventions to bear on close readings of Frisch's intermedia aesthetics, unearthing an environmental reflexivity that revolves around issues of time and history, place and identity, nature and human knowledge, metamorphosis and anthropogenic transformation. I thus invite us to reconsider in the light of the anthropological and sociopolitical imaginaries of the Anthropocene some ways in which the literature of the past half century has negotiated the relation between human beings and their natural environments.

Inscription of Historical Seascapes: Aesthetics, Politics, and the Construction of the Capricorn Coast's Scenic Highway

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Steve Mullins ◽  
Betty Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deep Sense

According to Stephen Dovers, environmental history can provide broad historical perspectives on things like colonial impacts, the evolution of technologies, the emergence of institution settings, the growth of commodity trade and changing land use regimes. It is a useful method of gathering baseline data on the past states of natural environments and, because this often relies on ‘local knowledge’, has the potential to foster community participation and engender community empowerment. Through the intelligent critique of past regimes, such history can, moreover, convey policy lessons, by offering what elsewhere Dovers describes as an ‘antidote to policy amnesia’. He also suggests that ‘a more innocent and less driven purpose’ of environmental history is ‘to unearth stories worth listening to’. While Dovers is careful not to claim too much for environmental history, and concedes that it ‘provides clues and some cues at best’, he may well be understating the power of stories, especially those that relate to relationships between people and place. Peter Hay reminds us that there is a powerful congruence between empathy with place and a commitment to the protection and maintenance of local natural ecosystems. A deep sense of place instils a desire to act ethically towards that place, and usually it is grounded in a concern for the life — human and otherwise — that has been integral to it. However, it is also formed out of emotional attachments to scenery — land and seascapes built up, as Simon Schama puts it, ‘as much from strata of memory as from layers of rock’.

Geoethics in a scheme: a simplified way to represent its definition, vision, and theoretical structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Peppoloni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Capua
Keyword(s):  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Global Ethics ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Agent ◽  
Sharing Values

<p>Geoethics arises from the awareness that, only partly consciously, human beings have irreversibly modified and are continuing to modify the natural environments and territories in which they live and operate. Humans alter not only physical, chemical and biological characteristics of their niche, but also social and cultural traits that connote social–ecological systems today as in the past, which in turn, in a feedback mechanism, influence people’s economic development, social perspectives and sense-making. It then becomes a responsibility for geoscientists to look beyond their traditional areas of work and each interact proactively with civic communities to promote changes that are needed. The key concepts of geoethics constitute a cultural proposal for the whole society, on which to base new perspectives for the human agent.<br>Ten years ago, the first session dedicated to geoethics was organized at the EGU General Assembly in order to widen the discussion on ethics in geosciences. Nowadays the theoretical framework of geoethics has consolidated and it has become the proposal on which to base a global ethics of the human agent towards the Earth system. This work synthetizes in a scheme the reference framework on which geoethics developed, its definition, foundations, and main characteristics, highlighting the importance of sharing values and actions among planetary human communities to manage global changes and threats.</p>

Competing Environmental Management Standards: How ISO 14001 Outnumbered EMAS in Germany, the UK, France, and Sweden

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland Bracke ◽  
Johan Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Environmental Management System ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Iso 14001 ◽  
National Standard ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Standards ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

In the middle of the 1990s two international environmental management standards became available for European companies: the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) and the International Organization for Standardization's ISO 14001. Companies that wanted to implement a standardized environmental management system were confronted with the choice between their national standard, the European standard, or the international one. In the past decennium, the national standards have been abolished and the number of ISO 14001 certified companies has outnumbered the number of EMAS-registered organizations. The speed at which and the extent to which ISO 14001 has outnumbered EMAS differs, however, between countries in the EU-15. We argue that a country classification based on the degree of statism of the collective agency on the one hand, and the degree of corporatism of society's organization on the other, offers a valuable perspective for analyzing the evolution of the uptake of both standards in a country. We present the cases of Germany, the UK, France, and Sweden, and conclude that in countries characterized by a more societal organization of authority, private alternatives for national regulations like ISO 14001 are welcomed and adopted with enthusiasm. In countries characterized by a rather statist organization, such alternatives are looked upon with more suspicion resulting in delayed uptake. Whereas ISO 14001 is a purely private initiative, voluntary registration to the EMAS regulation creates a link between the company and the authorities. In contrast to corporatist settings, this frightens off business participation in associational countries.

Holism, Chinese Medicine and Systems Ideologies: Rewriting the Past to Imagine the Future

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Scheid
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Science And Technology Studies ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shared Objective ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the articulations that have emerged over the last half century between various types of holism, Chinese medicine and systems biology. Given the discipline’s historical attachments to a definition of ‘medicine’ that rather narrowly refers to biomedicine as developed in Europe and the US from the eighteenth century onwards, the medical humanities are not the most obvious starting point for such an inquiry. At the same time, they do offer one advantage over neighbouring disciplines like medical history, anthropology or science and technology studies for someone like myself, a clinician as well as a historian and anthropologist: their strong commitment to the objective of facilitating better medical practice. This promise furthermore links to the wider project of critique, which, in Max Horkheimer’s definition of the term, aims at change and emancipation in order ‘to liberate human beings from the circumstances that enslave them’. If we take the critical medical humanities as explicitly affirming this shared objective and responsibility, extending the discipline’s traditional gaze is not a burden but becomes, in fact, an obligation.

Adaptations of Time Travel Narratives in Japanese Multimedia: Nurturing Eudaimonia across Time and Space

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Ae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Travel Narratives ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Concern For Others ◽  
The Future ◽  
Live Action

To displace a character in time is to depict a character who becomes acutely conscious of his or her status as other, as she or he strives to comprehend and interact with a culture whose mentality is both familiar and different in obvious and subtle ways. Two main types of time travel pose a philosophical distinction between visiting the past with knowledge of the future and trying to inhabit the future with past cultural knowledge, but in either case the unpredictable impact a time traveller may have on another society is always a prominent theme. At the core of Japanese time travel narratives is a contrast between self-interested and eudaimonic life styles as these are reflected by the time traveller's activities. Eudaimonia is a ‘flourishing life’, a life focused on what is valuable for human beings and the grounding of that value in altruistic concern for others. In a study of multimodal narratives belonging to two sets – adaptations of Tsutsui Yasutaka's young adult novella The Girl Who Leapt Through Time and Yamazaki Mari's manga series Thermae Romae – this article examines how time travel narratives in anime and live action film affirm that eudaimonic living is always a core value to be nurtured.

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