scholarly journals The research of the economic attitudes of Ukrainian youth: theoretical and practical aspects

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-131
Author(s):  
Orap M.O. ◽  
Kolba Ya.Ye.
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
General Level ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Economic Attitudes ◽  
Diag Nostics ◽  
Significant Factors

The article is a theoretical-empirical research of the economic attitudes of Ukrainian students. Theo-retical analysis has allowed the authors to outline a con-ceptual research scope under the framework of behav-ioral economics, which regards economic attitudes as one of the types of social attitudes in the dispositional structure of personality. The purpose of the research is to conduct an empirical research of the features and patterns of economic attitudes of the student com-munity; to consider a layered organization of economic attitudes and partial elements of factor ideas; to ana-lyze correlation relationships between economic attitudes and indices of students’ economic status (the actual level of revenues and expenses). Research methods. The research and analysis of the features of economic attitudes of students have relied on O.Deineka and K.Zabielina survey for express diag-nostics of the economic attitudes of young people. It has allowed the authors to characterize the scope of economic attitudes of a man in a holistic way, taking into account different spheres of economic behavior and socio-economic roles. Results. Based on quantita-tive and qualitative data processing, the research has established that the general level of economic atti-tudes of a study sample is above average. It has been found out that students’ assessment of their financial situation as sufficient/insufficient does not depend on actual cash security but closely correlates with an over-all index of economic attitudes (r = .310; p ≤ .001). This fact proves that not a sum of money, but the very sub-jective assessment of its amount as sufficient/insuf-ficient is instrumental in the attitude towards eco-nomic issues. The most significant factors influencing the economic attitudes of youth are the factors of “eco-nomic orientation activity” and “economic planning and financial optimism”. Conclusions. Thus, a positive attitude to economic issues is peculiar to those stu-dents who strive to be financially aware, be in the loop of economic and financial life in a country and predict their financial situation and economic prospects.Keyw ords: attitudes, economic attitudes, students, financial situation, financial optimism. Стаття представляє теоретико-емпіричне дослідження економічних атитюдів українських студентів. Теоретичне аналізування дало змогу означити концептуальне поле дослідження в межах поведінкової економіки, що розглядає економічні атитюди як один з видів соціальних атитюдів у диспозиційній структурі особистості. Метоюдослідження є емпірично дослідити особливості та закономірності економічних атитюдів студентства; розглянути рівневу організацію економічних атитюдів та парціальні частки факторних представлень; проаналізувати кореляційні взаємозв’язки економічних атитюдів з показниками економічного становища студентів (реальним рівнем еконо-мічних доходів та витрат). Методидослідження.Вивчення та аналіз особливостей економічних атитюдів студентської молоді проводились за питальником експрес-діагностики економічних атитюдів молоді О. Дейнеки іК. Забєліної, що дало змогу комплексно охарактеризувати поле економічних атитюдів людини, враховуючи різні сфери економічної поведінки та соціально-економічних ролей. Результати. На основі кількісної та якісноїобробки даних встановлено, що загальний рівень економічних атитюдів у дослідженій вибірці вищий середнього. Досліджено, що оцінювання студентами власного фінансового стану як достатнього/недостатнього не залежить від реального грошового забезпечення, але тісно корелює із загальним показником економічних атитюдів (r = .310; p≤ .001). Це свідчить про те, що провідну роль у ставленні до економічних питань відіграє не кількість грошей, а саме суб’єктивне оцінювання їх кількості як достатньої/недостатньої. Найбільш значущими факторами, що впливають на економічні атитюди молоді, виявились фактори “орієнтувальної активності в економіці”та “економічного планування і фінансового оптимізму”. Висновки.Таким чином, позитивне ставлення до економічних питань характерне для тих студентів, котрі намагаються бути фінансово обізнаним, бути в курсі подій економічного і фінансового життя в країні та прогнозують власне фінансове становище та економічні перспективи.Ключовіслова:атитюди, економічні атитюди, студенти, фінансовий стан, фінансовий оптимізм.

Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Meta-Analytic Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 001872082110139
Author(s):  
Alexandra D. Kaplan ◽  
Theresa T. Kessler ◽  
J. Christopher Brill ◽  
P. A. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderating Factors ◽  
Shared Context ◽  
Build Systems ◽  
Significant Factors

Objective The present meta-analysis sought to determine significant factors that predict trust in artificial intelligence (AI). Such factors were divided into those relating to (a) the human trustor, (b) the AI trustee, and (c) the shared context of their interaction. Background There are many factors influencing trust in robots, automation, and technology in general, and there have been several meta-analytic attempts to understand the antecedents of trust in these areas. However, no targeted meta-analysis has been performed examining the antecedents of trust in AI. Method Data from 65 articles examined the three predicted categories, as well as the subcategories of human characteristics and abilities, AI performance and attributes, and contextual tasking. Lastly, four common uses for AI (i.e., chatbots, robots, automated vehicles, and nonembodied, plain algorithms) were examined as further potential moderating factors. Results Results showed that all of the examined categories were significant predictors of trust in AI as well as many individual antecedents such as AI reliability and anthropomorphism, among many others. Conclusion Overall, the results of this meta-analysis determined several factors that influence trust, including some that have no bearing on AI performance. Additionally, we highlight the areas where there is currently no empirical research. Application Findings from this analysis will allow designers to build systems that elicit higher or lower levels of trust, as they require.

Vulnerability context and well-being factors of Indigenous community development: a study of Peninsular Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
Md. Khaled Saifullah ◽  
Muhammad Mehedi Masud ◽  
Fatimah Binti Kari
Keyword(s):  
Basic Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Social ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Significant Factors

The Indigenous people of Malaysia are a heterogeneous community scattered over more than 852 villages in Peninsular Malaysia. This community has been identified to be among the poorest and marginalized in Peninsular Malaysia. This study evaluates the well-being factors as well as problems that hinder the development of an Indigenous community in Peninsular Malaysia. This article adopted a quantitative approach based on data collected through survey and 2,136 respondents were interviewed. The study reveals that the Indigenous community is likely to remain poor in terms of economic status significantly because of insufficient access to basic education and the inability of being employed. This is also due to the inability to receive support for housing, economic livelihood, and other social infrastructures. In addition, the study indicates that economic status and access to education are the most significant factors that may help improve the overall well-being of an Indigenous community. This finding also suggests that the social and environmental aspects in Peninsular Malaysia have not improved together with economic development.

REVIEW OF SOCIAL RESEARCH IN POLAND ON THE SARS-CoV-2 PANDEMIC IN THE LIGHT OF THE FUZZY REASONING PARADIGM

2021 ◽  
Vol 563 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Stochmal ◽  
Jan Maciejewski ◽  
Andrzej Jarynowski
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Reasoning ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions

The article presents the results of the secondary analysis of qualitative and quantitative data in relation to social research conducted in Poland during the pandemic. The research results were introduced on the basis of analyzes of 180 projects carried out by scientific and commercial institutions in the period from January to May 2020. The aim of the project is to present a standard way of conducting empirical research for social researchers who undertake the challenge of identifying the phenomena accompanying the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We are interested in the possibility of drawing conclusions that go beyond individual research projects carried out in the social field. The conclusions recommended by us concern the following issues: mitigating the polarization of social attitudes dynamically changing during a pandemic, practical solving – and not only diagnosing – problems revealed in COVID reality and supplementing the deficiencies of theoretical assumptions accompanying research works.

scholarly journals Employee Well-Being Profiles During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Latent Profile Analysis of French and UK Employees

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta K. Harju ◽  
Joonas Rokka ◽  
Maíra Magalhães Lopes ◽  
Massimo Airoldi ◽  
Karine Raïes
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
General Level ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Latent Profile

The coronavirus pandemic, social distancing, and lockdown measures have had an impact on employee well-being. This study uses Latent Profile Analysis to examine subjective well-being among employees during the first lockdown based on a cross-national survey in UK and France (n = 652). We identify five distinct well-being profiles, namely Moderately positive (67%), Languishing (18%), Flourishing (8%), Mixed feelings (4%), and Apathetic (3%). The results showed that while some employees were suffering, others managed to thrive and cope with the stresses of the lockdown. We also found that the profiles could be distinguished by perceived changes in financial situation and physical health as well as experienced boredom. Our study complements prior studies that examine the relations between individual characteristics and well-being during the pandemic on a general level by showing that employee well-being under lockdown is not the same across the board.

Youth and Parental Perceptions of a Holistic Juvenile Public Defense Model

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147322542093813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Phillippi ◽  
Jeffrey Berman ◽  
Casey L. Thomas ◽  
Kaylin Beiter ◽  
Ariel Test
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Public Defense ◽  
Defense Model ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Holistic Representation

This study examines client and parent/guardian perceptions of holistic juvenile public defense. A total of 66 subjects responded to a structured survey measuring satisfaction with holistic representation. Differences between perceptions were analyzed using paired T-tests and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze strength of association and interrelationships among variables and satisfaction. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended survey questions. The findings of this study indicate that holistic defense was perceived positively as measured by high client satisfaction. Further empirical research is necessary to evaluate the outcomes of holistic models and offer comparison to traditional models.

Gender

2017 ◽  
pp. 644-672
Author(s):  
Paola Giuliano
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Historical Origin ◽  
And Gender

Social attitudes toward women vary significantly across societies. This chapter reviews recent empirical research on various historical determinants of contemporary differences in gender roles and gender gaps across societies, and how these differences are transmitted from parents to children and therefore persist until today. We review work on the historical origin of differences in female labor force participation, fertility, education, marriage arrangements, competitive attitudes, domestic violence, and other forms of difference in gender norms. Most of the research illustrates that differences in cultural norms regarding gender roles emerge in response to specific historical situations but tend to persist even after the historical conditions have changed. We also discuss the conditions under which gender norms either tend to be stable or change more quickly.

scholarly journals Understanding Individual Voluntary Giving as a Practice: Implications for Regional Arts Organisations in the UK

Sociology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Caroline Moraes ◽  
Athanasia Daskalopoulou ◽  
Isabelle Szmigin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Voluntary Giving ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Uk

This research examines individual voluntary giving as an integrative practice. Our research speaks to the new funding challenges traversing the British arts sector. Historically reliant on government funds, increasingly regional non-profit arts organisations must diversify their income sources and target a range of voluntary givers. By drawing on practice theories and interpretive qualitative data, we illuminate how giving understandings, procedures and engagements interconnect and interact, coming together in ways that lead to specific giving choices that prioritise cause-based charities over the arts. In doing so, we make two original contributions towards existing sociological research on voluntary giving. First, we transform and broaden the scope of empirical research by conceptualising voluntary giving as an integrative practice. Second, we offer a lens through which to investigate and explicate shared social processes, mechanisms and acts that traverse structures and individuals, co-construing and reproducing voluntary giving patterns.

A sociolinguistic analysis of the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes as slang in Amman, Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (260) ◽  
pp. 155-175
Author(s):  
Aseel Zibin ◽  
Khawlah M. AL-Tkhayneh
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Linguistic Behaviour ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The University ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This study aims to examine the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes by young people in Amman, Jordan. It adopts a quantitative corpus-based approach supported by qualitative data. We collected data from young Facebook male and female users who come from families with different socio-economic status, and we conducted semi-structured interviews with 60 students at the University of Jordan to get more insight into the attitudes of young individuals in Jordan who use these English loanwords, and to account for the reasons that drive these individuals to use them. Data analysis shows that the participants’ gender and socioeconomic status are major factors that affect the use of these loanwords. Data analysis also reveals that these English loanwords could be used as a form of slang by a certain group of young individuals in Amman to claim a specific social identity and an in-group membership that distinguishes them from another group of young individuals who do not use these words. We argued that a number of symbolic values could be attached to the use of English loanwords inflected with Arabic morphemes by that group and analysed the reasons behind such linguistic behaviour.

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