Main theoretical approaches towards comprehension of the essence of abuse of administrative resources in the electoral process

The object of this research is the abuse of administrative resource as one of the manifestations of corruption crime in the electoral process. Being a multidimensional negative phenomenon, the abuse of administrative resource does not have legal or generally accepted doctrinal definition, which impedes the development of the effective system of legal restrictions aimed at protection of electoral relations from such type of corruption. The subject of this research is the scientific works of the experts in sociology, political science, economics, and law that disclose the essential characteristics of the phenomenon in question. The goal lies in the formation of holistic representation on the abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process. The author examines and summarizes the approaches towards the concept of administrative resource proposed in different social sciences; determines the key legal elements of abuse of administrative resources in the electoral process, which reveal its corruption essence; formulates definition of this negative phenomenon. Scientific novelty lies in distinguishing the three independent approaches towards comprehension of administrative resource in the electoral process: socio-political, political-economic, and formal-legal. The absence of apparent contradictions, as well as complementarity of these approaches, allows forming holistic perspective on the administrative resource. Focusing attention on the formal-legal approach, the author concludes that the leading features of abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process in the special subject composition, method of wrongdoing, as well as corruption goal pursued by the actor of electoral process. The original definition of abuse of administrative resource in the electoral process is offered.

Dynamic Representations of Spatial Events – The Example of a Typhoon

The Geographic scene is a conceptual model that provides a holistic representation of the environment. This model has been developed in order to overcome limitations of geographic information systems (GIS) concerning interactions between features and the representation of dynamics. This contribution translates the theoretical model into an implementation of a dynamic data model in the graph database Neo4j and applies it to GIS data representing the dynamic information of a typhoon. The specific focus of the contribution is on choices made in the process of generation of the implementation of the example and the potential queries it supports.

"Should I keep running if nobody sees me as a runner?" : How runners with diverse body sizes perceive Runner's World's lack of inclusive representation

Runner's World is the ultimate guide to running. The magazine offers training tips, dietician-recommended recipes, gear guides, profiles on recreational and elite runners, and more. By design, Runner's World is meant to serve all runners, but by execution, the magazine fails to represent a broad range of body sizes. In fact, because of the magazine's prominence within the running community, it can even shape what runners looks like, and it has reinforced the idea that they are thin, muscular, and lanky. This study asks how Runner's World's editorial decisions affect these runners' connections to the magazine and identities as members of the running community. With a sample of 15 runners with diverse body sizes, this study uses semi-structured interviews to give these runners the platform that Runner's World does not. Data from these interviews suggest that Runner's World stories about weight loss or runners with diverse body sizes have a fatphobic tone to them. The lack of holistic representation reinforces the idea that smaller runners are faster, healthier, and more serious athletes. Runners with diverse body sizes then have to create their own networks to share the training tips, recipes, gear recommendations, and personal stories that Runner's World promises to publish. Because these runners don't see multifaceted representation of themselves in the magazine, they are hesitant to read it or sometimes even participate in the sport at all. This study encourages Runner's World to make running more inclusive by showing that all bodies are runner's bodies.

Personal potential in the practice of psychological support of flight activity

The subject of this research is the methods of psychological support of flight activity, which explicate the theory of Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor D. V. Gander on psychological support of flight activity. The author explores such questions as making decisions by pilot as the operator of ergatic system, with emphasis on the psychological aspects of flight activity on modern aircrafts and formation of professional competencies of the pilot. The research methodology is based on the systemic approach and encompasses theoretical-analytical and generalizing methods, longitudinal analysis, collection of empirical data, analysis of pilot activity through studying documentation and expert survey, professiography, and mathematical statistics. The scientific novelty is defined by the developed model of personal potential of the pilot from the perspective of holistic representation on the specificity and dynamics of the development of personal potential. The study of psychological professionally important qualities led to the creation of the factor model of personal potential of the pilot; while qualitative analysis of the acquired data allowed interpreting the content of personal potential from the perspective of systemic approach. Thus, the hypothesis is proven that the success of mastering flight activity depends not so much on the absolute values of the development of professionally important qualities, but on the specifically organized structure of qualities that form personal potential of the pilot. It is also stated that the achievements in flight activity are the most significant indicator of the status of development of personal potential.

Plain Language Assessment of Statutes

Legislative drafters use plain language drafting techniques to increase the readability of statutes in several Anglo-American jurisdictions. Existing readability metrics, such as Flesch-Kincaid, however, are a poor proxy for how effectively drafters incorporate these guidelines. This paper proposes a rules-based operationalization of the literature’s readability measures and tests them on legislation that underwent plain language rewriting. The results suggest that our readability metrics provide a more holistic representation of a statute’s readability compared to traditional techniques. Future machine-learning classifications promise to further improve the detection of complex features, such as nominalizations.

How to define the adult in 2020?

Today adulthood seems to be characterized also by a certain number of obligations and the assumption of responsibilities. It is an age in which the life course in the form of an institutional processing program seems to be undermined. This can be seen in the extended periods of schooling, teaching, training and the associated shortening of the working phase of a lifetime. Adulthood is to be understood as a social construct resulting from current demands and ideas. A diverse multidisciplinary presentation of the demands placed on adults will be discussed and a holistic representation of the concept of the adult will be developed. Which educational, biological, philosophical, legal, economic and psychological approaches and theories are relevant here? In view of this, adulthood can currently be defined on the basis of various interdisciplinary characteristics. Adulthood is defined as a phase that is open to development and begins with (sexual) maturity. The adult moves between dependence and autonomy, striving for autonomy. The adult is also characterized by responsibility and "wisdom". Adulthood is therefore to be understood from the perspective of contemporary educational science as a phase of development in which the relationship of the individual to himself and his environment changes through the mastering of age-related demands and the examination of the social and material environment. The adult thereby experiences himself/herself as a legally mature being who assumes economic and social responsibility for him/herself.

Melt into the group Electrophysiological Evidence of Gestalt Perception of Human Dyad

It has been showed recently that the human brain has dedicated networks for perception of human bodies in synchronous motion or in situation of interaction. However, below motion and interaction, how does the brain process a simple plurality of humans in close positioning? We used EEG frequency tagging technique to investigate integration of human dyad elements in a global percept. We presented to participants images of two silhouettes, a man and a woman flickering at different frequencies (5.88 vs. 7.14 Hz). Clear response at these stimulation frequencies reflected response to dyad parts, both when the dyad was presented upright and inverted. However, an emerging intermodulation component (7.14 + 5.88 = 13.02 Hz), a nonlinear response regarded as an objective signature of holistic representation, was significantly enhanced in upright relatively to inverted position. Inversion effect was significant only for the intermodulation component as opposed to stimulation frequencies revealing that dyad configuration perception overrides structural properties of dyad elements. Inversion effect was not significant for a pair of non-human objects. Our results show that merely facing two humans in close positioning leads to perceptually bind them and suggest that the perception of individuals is of different nature when they form a plurality.

Digit Recognition Based on Specialization, Decomposition and Holistic Processing

With the introduction of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and other classical algorithms, facial and object recognition have made significant progress. However, in a situation where there are few label examples or the environment is not ideal, such as lighting conditions, orientations, and so on, performance is disappointing. Various methods, such as data augmentation and image registration, have been used in an effort to improve accuracy; nonetheless, performance remains far from human efficiency. Advancement in cognitive science has provided us with valuable insight into how humans achieve high accuracy in identifying and discriminating between different faces and objects. These researches help us understand how the brain uses the features in the face to form a holistic representation and subsequently uses it to discriminate between faces. Our objective and contribution in this paper is to introduce a computational model that leverages these techniques, being used by our brain, to improve robustness and recognition accuracy. The hypothesis is that the biological model, our brain, achieves such high efficiency in face recognition because it is using a two-step process. We therefore postulate that, in the case of a handwritten digit, it will be easier for a learning model to learn invariant features and to generate a holistic representation than to perform classification. The model uses a variational autoencoder to generate holistic representation of handwritten digits and a Neural Network(NN) to classify them. The results obtained in this research show the effectiveness of decomposing the recognition tasks into two specialize sub-tasks, a generator, and a classifier.