Ecotourism in Annapurna Conservation Area: Potential, Opportunities and Challenges

Ecotourism as a component of the sustainable green economy is one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry, because of its superiority compared to other types of tourism in terms of the responsibility towards people, nature and environment. In the long run, people can also be benefitted from ecotourism. This research explores the fundamental potential, challenges and opportunities of developing ecotourism in Ghorepani village of Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first and largest mountainous protected area in Nepal. Primary data were collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. The Ghorepani village of ACA attracts many tourists because of its beautiful natural landscape, biodiversity richness, snow-capped mountains, sunrise from Poon hills and different Rhododendron forests. Overall, the key finding of this article outlines the current status, potentials, strengths, weakness, opportunities and challenges in ecological tourism development. On that basis, Ghorepani village of ACA needs to be improved with multiple outreach activities, especially to resource-dependent households.

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RENCANA PENGELOLAAN DAN ZONASI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN PULAU ENGGANO PROVINSI BENGKULU

JURNAL ENGGANO ◽

10.31186/jenggano.5.1.23-39 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-39

Author(s):

Zamdial Zamdial ◽

Deddy Bakhtiar ◽

Ari Anggoro ◽

Dede Hartono ◽

Ali Muqsit

Keyword(s):

Focus Group ◽

Focus Group Discussion ◽

Marine Protected Area ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Management Plan ◽

Marine Conservation ◽

Management Policy ◽

Primary Data ◽

Survey Method ◽

Conservation Area

Pulau Enggano merupakan salah satu pulau kecil terluar di Indonesia yang terletak di perairan Pantai Barat Sumatera, Samudera Hindia. Pulau Enggano adalah sebuah kecamatan dalam wilayah Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, Provinsi Bengkulu. Untuk kepentingan ekologis dan ekonomi, semua potensi sumberdaya hayati kelautan yang ada di Pulau Enggano, harus dikelola secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyusun Dokumen Rencana Pengelolaan dan Zonasi Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) Pulau Enggano, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Data primer yaitu kondisi bio-fisik dan persepsi masyarakat, dikumpulkan dengan metode obesrvasi, wawancara dan FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Data dikumpulkan dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Semua data di analisis dengan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Luas wilayah daratan Pulau Enggano, ± 400,6 km² atau ± 40.600 hektar. Ekosistem utama adalah hutan mangrove ± 1414,78 ha (141,478 km2), dan terumbu karang ± 5.097 ha (± 50,97 km2). Potensi sumberdaya hayati lainnya adalah padang lamun, berbagai jenis rumput laut, ikan karang, ikan pelagis dan ikan demersal yang ekonomis penting. Kebijakan pengelolaan KKPD Pulau Enggano diarahkan untuk pemanfaatan kegiatan pariwisata dan perikanan berkelanjutan. Lokasi KKPD Pulau Enggano di tetapkan di Kawasan Desa Banjarsari dan Desa Kahyapu. Visi Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) Pulau Enggano Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara adalah “Mewujudkan pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Enggano secara optimal, terpadu, dan berkelanjutan, sehingga bermanfaat bagi kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran masyarakat”. Pengelolaan KKPD Pulau Enggano untuk Rencana Jangka Panjang (RJP) adalah selama 20 tahun yang meliputi 4 tahapan Rencana Pengelolaan jangka Menegah (RPJM).MANAGEMENT PLAN AND ZONING OF THE CONSERVATION AREA OF THE ENGGANO ISLAND, BENGKULU PROVINCE. Enggano Island is one of the outer small islands in Indonesia which is located in the waters of the West Coast of Sumatra, Indian Ocean. Enggano Island is a district in the region of North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. For ecological and economic interests, all potential of marine living resources that exist on the island of Enggano, must be managed by optimally and sustainably. The purpose of this study was to compile the Document of Management Plan And Zoning of The Enggano Island Regional Marine Conservation Area (RMCA), Bengkulu Province. The study was conducted by survey method. Primary data, namely bio-physical conditions and community perceptions, were collected by observation, interviews and FGD (Focus Group Discussion) methods. Secondary data were collected by the literature study method. All data were analyzed by descriptive-qualitative methods. The total land area of Enggano Island, ± 400.6 km² or ± 40,600 hectares. The main ecosystem is mangrove forest ± 1414.78 ha (141.487 km2), and coral reef ± 5,097 ha (± 50.97 km2). Other potential biological resources are seagrass beds, various types of seaweed, reef fish community, pelagic and demersal fish which are economically important. The management policy of the Enggano Island RMCA is directed for the utilization of sustainable tourism and fisheries activities. The location of the Enggano Island RMCA was determined in the Banjarsari and Kahyapu Villages. The Vision of the Management of the Enggano Island KKPD of North Bengkulu Regency is "Realizing the management and utilization of the Enggano Marine Protected Area in an integrated, optimal and sustainable manner, so that it is beneficial for the welfare and prosperity of the community". The Management of the Enggano Island RMCA for the Long-Term Plan (LTP) is for 20 years which includes 4 stages of the Medium-Term Management Plan (MTMP).

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Through the eyes of Asa; the role of integrated conservation development programs in Ghandruk, Nepal

World Journal of Environmental Research ◽

10.18844/wjer.v7i1.2386 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26

Author(s):

Ellison John Heil

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Management Policy ◽

Marginalized Populations ◽

Development Programs ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Marginal Groups ◽

Annapurna Conservation Area ◽

Integrated Conservation ◽

The Impact

AbstractThe Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) is growing in popularity as Nepal’s largest protected area. The National Trust for Nature Conservation uses the sustained revenue generation from the tourism industry to implement Integrated Conservation Development Programs (ICDP). These programs focus on promoting participatory interaction with the local villages of the Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA) in an attempt to develop them into sovereign and self-sustaining communities. When ACAP was first established in Ghandruk to control the rapid rate of deforestation caused by increases in population and tourism, the development efforts and empowerment activities were targeted toward hotel owners. This served to marginalize the farmers and communities unrelated to the tourism industry. This study’s purpose is to examine the impact that the tourism industry has in promoting ‘people oriented’ conservation and the attitudes of Ghandruk’s marginalized populations towards ACAP’s ICDP developments, with a focus on conservation awareness. Information was gathered through semi-structured and unstructured interviews with ACAP officials, local management committee staff and marginalized populations of women and Dalits. This information was used to focus on understanding how ACAP has incorporated participation of marginal groups in Ghandruk into conservation programs. Ultimately the felling of trees for guesthouse construction resulting in the loss of natural habitat for apex predators, the absence of scientific research, and the disregard for the environmentally oriented marginal groups of Northwestern Ghandruk has placed an emphasis on tourism based development that overshadows the conservation of biodiversity and natural resources in the Annapurna Conservation Area. Keywords: Development studies, natural resources and conservation, natural resources management policy.

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INVESTIGATING THE HISTORY OF EAST SAKERTA VILLAGE AS A POPULAR TOURIST DESTINATION IN WEST JAVA

Akademika ◽

10.34005/akademika.v10i02.1115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (02) ◽

pp. 405-416

Author(s):

Santi Maudiarti ◽

Hanni Adriani

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Modern Society ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Primary Data ◽

Tourist Destination ◽

West Java ◽

History Of ◽

Village Government ◽

The Village

The tourism industry is one of the primary needs for the life of modern society today. Because of these factors, it makes the need for recreation or tourism increases. East Sakerta Tourism Village is one of the leading tourist destinations in the Kuningan Regency. This village has a long history and interesting community culture, but not many people know about it. This study aims to investigate the history of the East Sakerta Village as a popular tourist destination in West Java. The research method used is a qualitative method. This data collection method is carried out using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) method. Primary data collection was carried out directly and purposive sampling by interviewing key people, namely the village government apparatus, tourism community leaders (kompepar), and the community. FGD method was used to find out about the history, legends, and culture of the East Sakerta Village. The results of FGD findings consist of the religion, the history of the village, the local culture, the historical sites, the myths and legend, and the philosophy of Sakerta Timur Village. The philosophy concept is "Tumaritis" which is a village in the Sundanese and Javanese puppet which has a philosophy of mutual protection, security, and prosperity.

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Peranan social capital dalam memelihara keberlanjutan agribisnis jagung

Masyarakat Kebudayaan dan Politik ◽

10.20473/mkp.v28i32015.139-152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Jajat Sudrajat ◽

Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ◽

Slamet Hartono ◽

Subejo Subejo

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Risk Sharing ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Household Labor ◽

Economic Resources ◽

Primary Data ◽

Long Run ◽

The Social

Study the role of social capital on nurturing of agribusiness sustainability is still limited. Whereas, the indepth understanding toward the role of social capital in facilitating cooperation on relationships among institutions (actors) of agribusiness is very important and strategic for planning of agricultural development. This study is aimed to describe the role of social capital in facilitating cooperation on relationships among marketing institutions of corn in Tujuh Belas sub district, Bengkayang regency. The primary data were collected by observation, focus group discussion, and indepth interview to farmers and traders. The result of this study shows that the implementation of social capital element in farming activities or agribusiness in this location, generally based on effort of resources exchange among actors. On the relationships among the farmers, social capital is implemented by exchange of household labor (strict and sort term reciprocity). Meanwhile, in relationships between farmer and village trader and also between village trader and wholesaler, the social capital is implemented by exchange of economic resources. The exchange of resources is frequent implemented by trial risk, risk sharing, and applying flexibility in any type of transaction (non strict reciprocity in the sort term). This resources’s exchange is understood as effort to nurture agribusiness sustainability in the long run.

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Disaster Challenges in Tourism Industry and Local Communities in the Annapurna Conservation Area

Tribhuvan University Journal ◽

10.3126/tuj.v35i2.36190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 59-71

Author(s):

Balaram Raya

Keyword(s):

Tourism Industry ◽

High Mountain ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Total Employment ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Annapurna Conservation Area ◽

Local Residents ◽

Snow Storm ◽

Tourist Flow

Tourism is providing various opportunities to the stakeholders from local residents to national government in the country. Tourism sector has contributed 10.4 % of global GDP and 9.9 % of total employment in 2017 while 4.3 % GDP and 3.5 % of total employment of Nepal depended on tourism in 2014. Annapurna Circuit comprises most popular trekking route in the world with 22 feasible trekking sub-routes. The tourist flow has steadily increased from beginning to the recent time except for a few years in the insurgency period. The arrival of tourists in the Annapurna region has significantly decreased due to Snow Storm in 2014and Earthquake in 2015. These natural disasters have also severely damaged the infrastructures of tourism industry. As a result, tourism sector has been unable to continue job and create regular income regularly to the local people of ACA as well as high Mountain areas of Nepal in a consecutive years. It is necessary to cope with the problem by following resilience strategy to recover tourism in the future.

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Aqua medicines, drugs and chemicals (AMDC) used in freshwater aquaculture of South-Eastern Bangladesh

Asian-Australasian Journal of Bioscience and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/aajbb.v6i2.56145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 103-127

Author(s):

Amir Hossain ◽

Saiful Islam ◽

Abdulla Al Asif ◽

Hafzur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Primary Data ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Predator Removal ◽

South Eastern ◽

Freshwater Aquaculture ◽

Long Run ◽

Broad Variety

A broad variety of aquaculture-related medications, drugs, and chemicals (AMDC) are extensively used in the aquaculture industry in South-Eastern Bangladesh. Fish farmers are worried about the quality of their final product, and disease outbreaks must be stopped at all costs. Farmers are sometimes one ahead of the curve when it comes to producing healthy final products by including probiotics, vitamins, and minerals into their aquaculture setups to promote early and disease-free output. However, the current study was carried out in south eastern Bangladesh, specifically in the highly dense aquaculture regions of Chandpur, Cumilla, and Feni district (17 upazilas), from November 2016 to January 2018. Questions were asked through interviews and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held to gather primary data. The major target groups were aquaculture farmers, AMDC shops, pharmaceutical company employees, and hatchery owners. In this three-county area, according to the findings from the thorough research, there are a total of 33 companies that advertise 330 generics brand products via their own distributional channels. Among the available AMDC products in the study area, growth promoters were mostly abundant products among all categories while other products such as predator removal products, insecticides and ectoparasiticides, water quality and pond management, plankton producer, plankton bloom cleaner, disinfectant and disease treatment, toxic gas reducer, pH controller, oxygen supply, stress reducer, growth promoter, probiotics and antibiotics were most selling products to the farmers. The present study revealed 19 generic of antibiotics were available and prescribed by the AMDC vendors or aquaculture disease consultants (ADC) around the regions. Additionally, the research also included the dosages of AMDC and the method of administration in the aquaculture pond, which will assist both the farmers and the ADC in selecting and suggesting the appropriate medications or treatments that may be beneficial to the farmers in the long run. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2021, 6 (2), 103-127

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Current status of neuromuscular reversal and monitoring: challenges and opportunities.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726936964.793555946 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Guy Cammu

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

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Analysis of Land Use Land Cover in Annapurna Conservation Area in Gandaki Province, Nepal using Vegetation Index and Land Use Land Cover Datasets

10.21523/gcj5.18020204 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 87-99

Author(s):

Shiva Pokhrel ◽

Chungla Sherpa

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

National Level ◽

Climate Mitigation ◽

Land Use Land Cover ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Barren Land ◽

Wide Range ◽

Annapurna Conservation Area

Conservation areas are originally well-known for protecting landscape features and wildlife. They are playing key role in conserving and providing a wide range of ecosystem services, social, economic and cultural benefits as well as vital places for climate mitigation and adaptation. We have analyzed decadal changes in land cover and status of vegetation cover in the conservation area using both national level available data on land use land cover (LULC) changes (1990-2010) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (2010-2018) in Annapurna conservation area. LULC showed the barren land as the most dominant land cover types in all three different time series 1990, 2000 and 2010 with followed by snow cover, grassland, forest, agriculture and water body. The highest NDVI values were observed at Southern, Southwestern and Southeastern part of conservation area consisting of forest area, shrub land and grassland while toward low to negative in the upper middle to the Northern part of the conservation area.

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Implication of Tourism Traits on Jharkhand Tourism with special reference to perception of local residents

Purushartha - A Journal of Management Ethics and Spirituality ◽

10.21844/pajmes.v11i2.14629 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pranjal Kumar ◽

Ashutosh Mishra

Keyword(s):

Economic Factor ◽

Tourism Industry ◽

Primary Data ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

Development Cost ◽

Tribal Culture ◽

Natural Beauty ◽

Domestic Tourism ◽

Local Residents ◽

The Impact

Jharkhand is popular for tribal culture and uniqueness of its inherent natural beauty attributing significantly on Tourism Industry of Jharkhand. There has been visible change and impact on socio-economic factor because of tourist influx in the Jharkhand state. The inherent beauty and nature has made the state popular for tourism. The attraction towards various important tourist spots revolves mostly within the domestic tourism. The paper attempts to ascertain the impact of tourism traits, like economic Development, Cost of living, Infrastructure Development, Socio-Cultural and the Environment affect through primary data collected from the responses of residents of six dominant tourist circuits of Jharkhand. The respondent’s views were ascertained on five point Likert Scale. The data so collected was subjected to analysis for identifying the impact of various tourism traits on the prospects of Jharkhand Tourism.

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